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probiotics found to reduce body fat in diet-induced obesity study in rats.  Both L. curvets and planetarum found to be the most effective in decreasing dietary fat induction.  Also of not, genetic transcription of inflammatory cytokines was found to be reduced.  The different strains may be of importance here as well.

Saccharomyces boulardii found to reduce weight, fat mass, fatty liver, and inflammation in mice diabetes and obesity models.

For endurance athletes, low carb and high fat diet utilizes the high fat oxidation in these athletes compared to a high carb diet.  Glycogen stores did not differ between the two groups.  

berberine reduces leptin and fat in humans. It also improves insulin sensitivity and reduces insulin levels. This study also found a decrease in adiponectin.

low fat diet drops estrogen levels precipitously in women.  It also dropped Testosterone levels.

polyunsaturated fats found to improve PCOS

Increase in visceral fat reduces glucose "disposal".  Translated: as visceral adiposity increases, associated insulin resistance increases glucose levels and all associated metabolic dysfunction.

small study shows that low carb results in greater calories burned in weight loss.  The least calories burned goes to low fat diet.  Many, many studies have show the negative benefits of a low fat diet.

High intensity training results in effective fat loss.  This study followed individuals over a 12 week cycle.  They performed HIT at 20 mins 3 x weekly.  fat loss was statistically significant when compared to control group.

ATMs and obesity induced inflammation initiates insulin resistance and thus type II diabetes. The bodies reaction to a fat cell is no different than a bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection.  The body recognizes something (fat) that shouldn't be there and it attempts to destroy it and remove it.

another study that shows that High intensity interval training (HIT) results in fat loss.  IN this study, training consisted of 20 minutes 3 x weekly for 12 weeks.  fat loss in total, abdominal, trunk, and visceral was decreased.  This study only looked at men.

Obesity is associated with decreased vitamin D3 levels. One would think that an increase in surface area would increase Vitamin D levels, but actually, the increase in fat accumulates the fat soluble vitamin D3.

large study of 50,000 postmenopausal women found no significant reduction in CVD with a low fat diet.  The mean dietary time period was 8 years.

High fat diet decrease hypothalamic kisspeptin levels result in decreased GNRH release.  The result is a decrease in LH/FSH and in this case decreased Testosterone.  These were animal models.

Androgen deprivation therapy resulted in an 11% increase in fat mass and just under 4% decrease in lean muscle mass in men.  

Not only does resveratrol reduce inflammation, but resveratrol inhibits NAFLD in rats fed a high fat diet.  

diet dominance type favors different bacterial balance in the gut that favors systemic inflammation.  Particularly, a high fat diet is associated with systemic hsCRP.

Study finds that increasing body fat and associated insulin resistance in women with PCOS is associated with an increase in CRP. These women with PCOS are hyperandrogenic. It makes absolutely no sense to give these women more Testosterone.

Study points to obesity and low Testosterone contribution of neuroinflammation.  No effect of body weight was seen with TRT.  This animal model found similar positive effects of TRT in insulin sensitivity.  Obesity and low T increase inflammatory cytokine production: this study found an increase in TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and TRT reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta to near base-line.  Testosterone is neuroprotective and this study reviewed the small volume of evaded that pointed to benefit from estradiol.  Testosterone's effect on glial survival was positive but not significant.  Obesity and low T were found to be associated with increased macrophage infiltration in the PNS with increased TNF-alpha and IL-1beta.   Testosterone therapy improved peripheral neuropathy via its positive effects on nocicieption.

High saturated fat and sugar diet causes reduced BDNF in the hippocampus.  This is an animal model.  The effect was a reduction in spacial learning.    Dietary choice can effect the neuroplasticity and learning capacity of the hippocampus.