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Nathan Goodyear

http://www.diabetologia-journal.org/files/Narendran.pdf - 0 views

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    Exercise is not just for calories out.  Exercise increases growth hormone, IGF-1, glucagon-like peptide 1, IL-6, and IL-1ra.  The effect is to GH increases beta islet cell mass and protects beta cell lines against IL-1beta, Interferon-gamma and TNF-alhpa induced apoptosis.  IL-6 increased production increases GLP-1 and IL-1ra which counters IL-1beta.  Interleukin-1beta induces islet cell apoptosis and thus IL-1ra counters this pro-inflammatory signal.
Nathan Goodyear

Diet-induced obesity and low testosterone increase neuroinflammation and impair neural ... - 0 views

  • both obesity and low testosterone are also risk factors for neural dysfunction, including cognitive impairment [58–61] and development of AD
  • Levels of obesity and testosterone are often inversely correlated
  • diet-induced obesity causes significant metabolic disturbances and impairs central and peripheral nervous systems.
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  • both obesity and low testosterone are linked with promotion of inflammatory pathways [70–72] and exert harmful actions on the central [73–75] and peripheral [29,76] nervous systems
  • In general, obesity-related changes were worsened by low testosterone and improved by testosterone treatment; however, this relationship was not statistically significant in several instances. Further, our data suggest that a common pathway that may contribute to obesity and testosterone effects is regulation of inflammation
  • fasting blood glucose levels were independently and additively increased by GDX-induced testosterone depletion and high-fat diet
  • testosterone treatment significantly reduced fasting glucose under both the normal and high-fat diets, demonstrating potential therapeutic efficacy of testosterone supplementation
  • fasting insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA index), and glucose tolerance, low testosterone tended to exacerbate and or testosterone treatment improved outcomes.
  • testosterone status did not significantly affect body weight
  • testosterone’s effects likely do not indicate an indirect result on adiposity but rather regulatory action(s) on other aspects of metabolic homeostasis
  • Prior work in rodents has shown diet-induced obesity induces insulin resistance in rat brain [63] and that testosterone replacement improves insulin sensitivity in obese rats [64]. Our findings are consistent with the human literature, which indicates that (i) testosterone levels are inversely correlated to insulin resistance and T2D in healthy [30,65] as well as obese men [66], and (ii) androgen therapy can improve some metabolic measures in overweight men with low testosterone
  • it has been shown that TNFα has inhibitory effects on neuron survival, differentiation, and neurite outgrowth
  • Our data demonstrate that low testosterone and obesity independently increased cerebrocortical mRNA levels of both TNFα and IL-1β
  • Testosterone status also affected metabolic and neural measures
  • many beneficial effects of testosterone, including inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine expression
  • neuroprotection [80,81], are dependent upon androgen receptors, the observed effects of testosterone in this study may involve androgen receptor activation
  • testosterone can be converted by the enzyme aromatase into estradiol, which is also known to exert anti-inflammatory [82] and neuroprotective [83] actions
  • glia are the primary sources of proinflammatory molecules in the CNS
  • poorer survival of neurons grown on glia from mice maintained on high-fat diet
  • Since testosterone can affect glial function [86] and improve neuronal growth and survival [87–89], it was unexpected that testosterone status exhibited rather modest effects on neural health indices with the only significant response being an increase in survival in the testosterone-treated, high-fat diet group
  • significantly increased expression of TNFα and IL-1β in glia cultures derived from obese mice
  • testosterone treatment significantly lowered TNFα and IL-1β expression to near basal levels even in obese mice, indicating a protective benefit of testosterone across diet conditions
  • IL-1β treatment has been shown to induce synapse loss and inhibit differentiation of neurons
  • Testosterone status and diet-induced obesity were associated with significant regulation of macrophage infiltration
  • testosterone prevented and/or restored thermal nociception in both diet groups
  • a possible mechanism by which obesity and testosterone levels may affect the health of both CNS and PNS
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    Study points to obesity and low Testosterone contribution of neuroinflammation.  No effect of body weight was seen with TRT.  This animal model found similar positive effects of TRT in insulin sensitivity.  Obesity and low T increase inflammatory cytokine production: this study found an increase in TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and TRT reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta to near base-line.  Testosterone is neuroprotective and this study reviewed the small volume of evaded that pointed to benefit from estradiol.  Testosterone's effect on glial survival was positive but not significant.  Obesity and low T were found to be associated with increased macrophage infiltration in the PNS with increased TNF-alpha and IL-1beta.   Testosterone therapy improved peripheral neuropathy via its positive effects on nocicieption.
Nathan Goodyear

Estradiol, Tamoxifen, and Flaxseed A... [J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    Tamoxifen and more importantly, flaxseed increases endogenous IL-1Ra that is a known inhibitor of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1alpha and IL-1beta. These pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with breast cancer.  Conclusion: diet modification can effect inflammatory cytokines associated with breast cancer.  This should be explored as true preventative therapies for women. This study also found a positive association with estradiol and IL-1Beta in breast tissue and SC fat; inversely associated with IL-Ra in the breast.
Nathan Goodyear

Inverse relationship between serum levels of interleukin-1beta and testosterone in men ... - 0 views

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    low Total Testosterone and bioavailable Testosterone is associated with increased IL-1beta and IL-10.  This points to low T having a more direct link to increased systemic inflammation in men.
Nathan Goodyear

Increased Toll-Like Receptor Activity in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome - 0 views

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    TLR2 and TLR4 are increased in patients with metabolic syndrome.  No surprise that IL-1Beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha were increased as well.
Nathan Goodyear

IL-1α and IL-1β Levels in Blood Serum and Saliva ... [Endocr Res. 2012] - Pub... - 0 views

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    Interleukins IL-1alpha and IL-1beta in saliva found to not be signifcantly different than serum.  Point: saliva is a good medium to evaluate many other biomarkers, inflammatory markers in this case.
Nathan Goodyear

Activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-a... [Intensive Care Med. 1999] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    Septic illnesses found to be associated with suppression of TSH centrally in the HPA axis. The cytokines found to be elevated were IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6.
Nathan Goodyear

Suppression of thyrotropin-releasing horm... [Neuroendocrinology. 1994] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    IL-1beta inhibits TRH gene activity.  Previous study has shown that IL-1 suppresses TSH production also.
Nathan Goodyear

Cordycepin Suppresses Expression of Diabetes Regulating Genes by Inhibition of Lipopoly... - 0 views

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    cordyceps shown to decrease LPS stimulated macrophage inflammation.  Specifically, IL-1Beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha were shown to be inhibited.  Also, NF-kappaB inhibition was found with cordyceps
Nathan Goodyear

Proinflammatory cytokines inhibit the expre... [Eur J Endocrinol. 2002] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta reduced deiodinase transcription, thus reducing T4 to T3 conversion.  The inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 did also but to a lesser degree.
Nathan Goodyear

Expression of proinflammatory genes during estrogen-induced inflammation of the rat pro... - 0 views

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    Estrogen increased IL-1beta, IL-6, and MIP-2 in male rat prostate model.
Nathan Goodyear

The effect of testosterone replacement on endogenous inflammatory cytokines and lipid p... - 0 views

  • testosterone induced reductions in TNFalpha (-3.1 +/- 8.3 vs. 1.3 +/- 5.2 pg/ml; P = 0.01) and IL-1beta (-0.14 +/- 0.32 vs. 0.18 +/- 0.55 pg/ml; P = 0.08) and an increase in IL-10 (0.33 +/- 1.8 vs. -1.1 +/- 3.0 pg/ml; P = 0.01); the reductions of TNFalpha and IL-1beta were positively correlated
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    Testosterone reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in men.
Nathan Goodyear

Metformin Inhibits the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species from NADH:Ubiqui... - 0 views

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    Metformin inhibits LPS induced IL-1beta stimulation.  Interesting that metformin is a inhibitor of complex I in the electron transport chain.
Nathan Goodyear

LPS-Induced Inflammation Potentiates the IL-1-Mediated Reduction of LH Secretion from t... - 0 views

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    IL-1beta reduced GNRH and LH production at the level of the Hypothalamus and the Pituitary respectively. What is interesting in this animal model is that greater LH suppression at the pituitary was found to occur in those animals with prior LPS exposure--priming??
Nathan Goodyear

Carbonyl stress and a combination of astaxanthin/vitamin C induce biochemical changes i... - 0 views

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    astaxanthin and vitamin C shown to reduce myeloperoxidase activity, as well as IL-1beta, TNF-alpha.
Nathan Goodyear

Progesterone and allopregnanolone reduce inflamma... [Exp Neurol. 2004] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    progesterone and allopregnanolone shown to reduce IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in TBI rat model.
Nathan Goodyear

Ginsenoside Rg3 Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Learning and Memory Impairments b... - 0 views

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    Rat model induced inflammatory reaction in brain via LPS injection.  The result was impaired memory.  RG3 from panax ginseng was shown to reduce inflammation, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, cox-2, thus improving memory and cognitive function.
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone and pro-inflammatory cytokines in men with chronic heart failure - 0 views

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    Low bioavailable Testosterone associated with increased IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in men with CHF.
Nathan Goodyear

Effects of testosterone supplementatio... [Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2010] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    Men with hypogonadism, low T, Testosterone therapy reduced IL-1beta, TNF-alph, and CRP.   In addition, BMI and waist circumference was reduced.  Leptin and insulin decreased as well.
Nathan Goodyear

Gonadotropin treatment restores in vitro interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis f... - 0 views

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    Inverse relationship between Testosterone and LPS, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha.
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