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Nathan Goodyear

Metabolic endotoxemia: a molecular link between obesity and cardiovascular risk - 0 views

jme.endocrinology-journals.org/...R51.full

metabolic endotoxemia obesity insulin resistance cardiovascular disease LPS inflammation

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • Weight gain has been associated with a higher gut permeability
  • a high-fat diet promotes LPS absorption
  • higher concentrations of fatty acids impair intestinal barrier integrity
  • ...37 more annotations...
  • The starting point for innate immunity activation is the recognition of conserved structures of bacteria, viruses, and fungal components through pattern-recognition receptors
  • TLRs are PRRs that recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns
  • TLRs are transmembrane proteins containing extracellular domains rich in leucine repeat sequences and a cytosolic domain homologous to the IL1 receptor intracellular domain
  • The major proinflammatory mediators produced by the TLR4 activation in response to endotoxin (LPS) are TNFα, IL1β and IL6, which are also elevated in obese and insulin-resistant patients
  • Obesity, high-fat diet, diabetes, and NAFLD are associated with higher gut permeability leading to metabolic endotoxemia.
  • Probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotic treatment can reduce LPS absorption
  • LPS promotes hepatic insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic triglyceride accumulation, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines promoting the progression of fatty liver disease.
  • In the endothelium, LPS induces the expression of pro-inflammatory, chemotactic, and adhesion molecules, which promotes atherosclerosis development and progression.
  • In the adipose tissue, LPS induces adipogenesis, insulin resistance, macrophage infiltration, oxidative stress, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
  • the gut microbiota has been recently proposed to be an environmental factor involved in the control of body weight and energy homeostasis by modulating plasma LPS levels
  • dietary fats alone might not be sufficient to cause overweight and obesity, suggesting that a bacterially related factor might be responsible for high-fat diet-induced obesity.
  • This was accompanied in high-fat-fed mice by a change in gut microbiota composition, with reduction in Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium spp.
  • n humans, it was also shown that meals with high-fat and high-carbohydrate content (fast-food style western diet) were able to decrease bifidobacteria levels and increase intestinal permeability and LPS concentrations
  • it was demonstrated that, more than the fat amount, its composition was a critical modulator of ME (Laugerette et al. 2012). Very recently, Mani et al. (2013) demonstrated that LPS concentration was increased by a meal rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), while decreased after a meal rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA).
  • this effect seems to be due to the fact that some SFA (e.g., lauric and mystiric acids) are part of the lipid-A component of LPS and also to n-3 PUFA's role on reducing LPS potency when substituting SFA in lipid-A
  • these experimental results suggest a pivotal role of CD14-mediated TLR4 activation in the development of LPS-mediated nutritional changes.
  • This suggests a link between gut microbiota, western diet, and obesity and indicates that gut microbiota manipulation can beneficially affect the host's weight and adiposity.
  • endotoxemia was independently associated with energy intake but not fat intake in a multivariate analysis
  • in vitro that endotoxemia activates pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production via NFκB and MAPK signaling in preadipocytes and decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activity and insulin responsiveness in adipocytes.
  • T2DM patients have mean values of LPS that are 76% higher than healthy controls
  • LPS-induced release of glucagon, GH and cortisol, which inhibit glucose uptake, both peripheral and hepatic
  • LPSs also seem to induce ROS-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic cells
  • Recent evidence has been linking ME with dyslipidemia, increased intrahepatic triglycerides, development, and progression of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  • The hepatocytes, rather than hepatic macrophages, are the cells responsible for its clearance, being ultimately excreted in bile
  • All the subclasses of plasma lipoproteins can bind and neutralize the toxic effects of LPS, both in vitro (Eichbaum et al. 1991) and in vivo (Harris et al. 1990), and this phenomenon seems to be dependent on the number of phospholipids in the lipoprotein surface (Levels et al. 2001). LDL seems to be involved in LPS clearance, but this antiatherogenic effect is outweighed by its proatherogenic features
  • LPS produces hypertriglyceridemia by several mechanisms, depending on LPS concentration. In animal models, low-dose LPS increases hepatic lipoprotein (such as VLDL) synthesis, whereas high-dose LPS decreases lipoprotein catabolism
  • When a dose of LPS similar to that observed in ME was infused in humans, a 2.5-fold increase in endothelial lipase was observed, with consequent reduction in total and HDL. This mechanism may explain low HDL levels in ‘ME’ and other inflammatory conditions such as obesity and metabolic syndrome
  • It is known that the high-fat diet and the ‘ME’ increase intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation, thus synergistically contributing to the development and progression of alcoholic and NAFLD, from the initial stages characterized by intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation up to chronic inflammation (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis), fibrosis, and cirrhosis
  • On the other hand, LPS activates Kupffer cells leading to an increased production of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNFα
  • high-fat diet mice presented with ME, which positively and significantly correlated with plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), IL1, TNFα, STAMP2, NADPHox, MCP-1, and F4/80 (a specific marker of mature macrophages) mRNAs
  • prebiotic administration reduces intestinal permeability to LPS in obese mice and is associated with decreased systemic inflammation when compared with controls
  • Cani et al. also found that high-fat diet mice presented with not only ME but also higher levels of inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, and macrophage infiltration markers
  • This suggests that important links between gut microbiota, ME, inflammation, and oxidative stress are implicated in a high-fat diet situation
  • high-fat feeding is associated with adipose tissue macrophage infiltration (F4/80-positive cells) and increased levels of chemokine MCP-1, suggesting a strong link between ME, proinflammatory status, oxidative stress, and, lately, increased CV risk
  • LPS has been shown to promote atherosclerosis
  • markers of systemic inflammation such as circulating bacterial endotoxin were elevated in patients with chronic infections and were strong predictors of increased atherosclerotic risk
  • As a TLR4 ligand, LPS has been suggested to induce atherosclerosis development and progression, via a TLR4-mediated inflammatory state.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Aug 14
     
    Very nice updated review on Metabolic endotoxemia
Nathan Goodyear

PCRM | Analysis of Health Problems Associated with High-Protein, High-Fat, Carbohydrate... - 0 views

www.pcrm.org/...-problems-associated-with-high

protein diet fat obesity overweight weight loss

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Aug 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Aug 13
     
    nice review of some of the problems associated with a high fat ,high protein diet.  These effects are seen in those utilizing long term dietary patterns of high protein and high fat intake.  
Nathan Goodyear

The Role of Vitamin C in Human Immunity and Its Treatment Potential Against COVID-19: A... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC9925039

COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 COVID WBC ascorbic acid vitamin C

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23 - No Cached
  • vitamins A, B, C, E, B6, B12, folate, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium
  • White blood cells, including neutrophils and monocytes, accumulate concentrations of vitamin C up to 100 times greater than that of plasma
  • Vitamin C is a crucial component of both the innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific) portions of the immune system
  • ...52 more annotations...
  • play a role during the initial chemotactic response of neutrophils shortly after infection
  • following vitamin C supplementation, a 20% increase in neutrophil chemotactic activity was observed
  • also contributes to the phagocytosis and killing of microbes by neutrophils
  • low levels of vitamin C occurring in high-stress situations
  • maturation, proliferation, and viability of T cells have all been shown to be upregulated by the presence of normal physiologic concentrations of vitamin C
  • Vitamin C has been shown to directly affect the number of Igs released from B cells
  • vitamin C among healthy young adult males showed a significant increase in serum levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM
  • effects of high-dose vitamin C on cytokine levels in cancer patients, finding decreased amounts of the cytokines Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-2, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) after high-dose vitamin C infusion
  • when vitamin C was supplemented with vitamin E in healthy adults, it increased the production of cytokines IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha
  • vitamin C acts to modulate the levels of cytokines to prevent them from fluctuating in either direction
  • vitamin C also acts as an important antioxidant to the cells of the immune system.
  • human leukocytes, neutrophils, in particular, possess the ability to transport the oxidized form of vitamin C across its membrane to use as a defense mechanism against ROS produced during an immune response
  • Vitamin C also can recover other endogenous antioxidants in the body such as vitamin E and glutathione, returning them to their active state
  • vitamin C can decrease the activation of NF-kB
  • can reduce harmful nitrogen-based compounds such as N-nitrosamines and nitrosamides, both of which are carcinogenic 
  • subjects taking oral vitamin C supplementation saw a 60% to 90% reduction in oxidative stress compared to a placebo control
  • subjects infused with vitamin C alone had a 516% increase in glutathione levels compared to subjects not provided the 500 mg daily supplementation
  • hydroxylating proline and lysine
  • mature and stabilize the tissue of a healing wound
  • healing
  • oral surgery
  • improved soft tissue regeneration
  • vitamin C increases the mRNA levels of type I and type III collagen in the human dermis
  • Studies have demonstrated that those with low levels of vitamin C are at a significantly higher risk of respiratory infection compared to those with normal levels
  • viral cold duration was reduced by about 8% in adults and 13.5% in children using prophylactic daily doses of 200 mg of oral vitamin C
  • prophylactically supplementing vitamin C decreases the risk of infection with respiratory viruses such as the common cold
  • combined with probiotics, oral vitamin C supplementation showed a 33% decrease in the incidence of respiratory tract infections in preschool-age children [
  • high-dose oral supplementation of vitamin C managed to prevent or reduce symptoms if taken before or just after the onset of cold- or flu-like symptoms
  • improvements in oxygen saturation and decreased IL-6 levels (a marker of inflammation) in the treatment group compared to the control group
  • 8 g doses of oral vitamin C
  • there is a negative correlation between age and serum levels of vitamin C
  • Patients with COVID-19 will likely also experience depletion in serum levels of vitamin C as a direct result of the upregulation of the immune system to combat the infection
  • Colunga et al. suggested that oral vitamin C can be combined with oral Quercetin, an antiviral flavonoid, to improve Quercetin’s ability to block viral membrane fusion of SARS-CoV-2
  • high doses of 1-2 g/day of oral vitamin C could prevent other upper respiratory infections
  • It appears vitamin C supplementation by itself does not provide a striking benefit in preventing COVID-19 infection for those without a deficiency
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      Flawed statement. What is normal? Vitamin D. Many variables effect levels and dose, including the two compartment kinetics and absorption.
  • Hiedra et al. were able to show decreases in inflammatory biomarkers, such as D-dimer and ferritin
  • some evidence to support that prophylactic use of vitamin C helps reduce the severity of respiratory infection symptoms once a subject has already been infected
  • oral vitamin C in combination with zinc provided the largest amount of antibody titers 42 days
  • linear relationship between days of vitamin C therapy and survival duration
  • other studies were unable to find any definitive improvement concerning therapy with vitamin C
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      Either these studies are designed to fail or the authors are lacking some basic understanding of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with vitamin C.
  • Fowler et al. aimed to see if a high-dose vitamin C infusion would benefit patients affected by ARDS, but they were unable to conclude that vitamin C infusion, compared to a placebo, could decrease vascular inflammation and damage in ARDS
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      At what dose, duration, frequency???
  • in a sample of 67 COVID-19-positive ICU patients, 82% of them displayed plasma vitamin C levels below 0.4 mg/dL
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      They are kind of make the point from my earlier note.
  • continuous vitamin C infusion at a rate of 60 mg/kg/day for four days decreased the need for mechanical ventilation and vasopressor use but had no significant effect on overall mortality
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      Again, designed to fail or ignorance designed the study which failed
  • Carr et al. suggested that high-dose IV vitamin C is most effective when treating sepsis as septic patients receiving the normal daily recommendations through diet still showed decreased vitamin C levels
  • High-dose IV vitamin C treatment has also been shown by Kakodkar et al. to decrease syndecan-1, an endothelial glycocalyx that contributes to mortality in septic patients
  • combined with hydrocortisone and thiamine, septic patients treated with 1.5 g of IV vitamin C every six hours showed a distinct decrease in their SOFA scores and none of the patients treated developed organ failure
  • combined with hydrocortisone and thiamine, septic patients treated with 1.5 g of IV vitamin C every six hours showed a distinct decrease in their SOFA scores and none of the patients treated developed organ failure
  • reduced overall mortality
  • reduced overall mortality
  • propose the use for high-dose vitamin C to aid in the treatment of septic shock-induced hypotension
  • treatment of severe sepsis using a high dose (up to 200 mg/kg/day) of IV vitamin C was explored in phase I, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial by Fowler et al. [75]. Their findings included a reduction in SOFA scores and decreased vascular injury compared to a placebo control group, all while showing minimal adverse side effects
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      High dose here is laughable. Again, duration and frequency also.
  • Maintaining a daily intake of 75 and 100 mg for men and women, respectively, as recommended by the U.S. Institute of Medicine
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      This recommendation is FRANK IGNORANCE
wheelchairindia9

Karma Ergo 115 Wheelchair - 0 views

disabilityproduct.in/...Karma-S-Ergo-115-Wheelchair

Ergo S-Shape Seating System For Handicapped foldable and easy to store Karma Ergo 115 Wheelchair detachable foot rest washable and dry able cushions Karma Ergo 305 Wheelchair footrest for maximum safety

shared by wheelchairindia9 on 04 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 04 Sep 15
     
    Ergo Wheelchair features an ergonomic "S" shaped seat that provides the perfect shape to fit the human body to relieve pressure, increase stabilization, weight distribution and lower the risk of pressure sores and scoliosis. Ergonomic wheelchair series provides users with a large selection of ultra lightweight wheelchairs that can help improve life. This series has features that include a high strength lightweight frame, foldable and easy to store, breathable anti-bacterial, anti-staining, removable and machine washable cushion. Also includes the exclusive S-Shape Seating System, which provides increased stability, better weight distribution and lowers the risk of pressure sores and spinal injury. Karma S Ergo 115 Wheelchair: This model features our S-Shape Seating System and is our number one best seller for many reasons. At a mere 11.3 kg in weight with detachable foot rest and many features such as removable machine washable and dry-able cushions treated by AEIGIS treated anti-microbial coated seating system. Karma S-Ergo 115 Wheelchair Features: Ergonomic Handrims & S-Shape Ergonomic Seating System Fixed armrest w/ wider concave armpads Swing In & Away Footrests Backrest Pouch attached to the upholstery 24" flat free polyurethane tires, high tread, flat free wheels Seat width: 16"x17" or 18"x17" or 20"x 17" Silver 1/4" Aegis Anti-Bacterial Upholstery, washable Folding backrest / folding seat for easy traveling "Tube-in Center" foot-plate, assures better side leg support High strength, starting weight at only 11.3 kg. (w/o footrests) 7×1" Polyurethane front casters Upholstery: Black breathable mesh bottom & top AEIGIS Frame Color: Pearl Silver or Rose Red Weight Capacity of 115 kg. Karma S-Ergo 115 Wheelchair Measurements: Seat Width 16 inch., 18 inch., 20 inch. Seat Depth 17 inch. Armrest Height 8 inch. Seat Height 19 inch. Back Height 17 inch. Overall Height 36 inch. Overall Open Width 23 inch., 25 inch., 27 inch
Nathan Goodyear

ScienceDirect.com - Physiology & Behavior - The effects of a high-energy diet on hippoc... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0031938412002028

obesity overweight hippocampus brain diet

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Oct 12
     
    We have known that diet and brain inflammation were linked.  This study shows a link between, what they call High energy diet (better known as  high calorie, high fat, high carb...), and altered hippocampus brain function.
Nathan Goodyear

Nutritional Modulation of Insulin Resistance - 0 views

www.hindawi.com/...424780

macronutrient macronutrients nutrition insulin resistance glucose protein carbohydrates metabolism fats

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Five branched chain and aromatic amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine) showed significant associations with future diabetes
  • there is increasing evidence that longer term high-protein intake may have detrimental effects on insulin resistance [68, 117–123], diabetes risk [69], and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease
  • high-protein and the high GI diets significantly increased markers of low-grade inflammation
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • significant and clinically relevant worsening of insulin sensitivity with an isoenergetic plant-based high-protein diet
  • healthy humans that are exposed to amino acid infusions rapidly develop insulin resistance
  • longer term high-protein intake has been shown to result in whole-body insulin resistance [68, 118], associated with upregulation of factors involved in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/S6K1 signalling pathway [68], increased stimulation of glucagon and insulin within the endocrine pancreas, high glycogen turnover [118] and stimulation of gluconeogenesis [68, 118].
  • it was recently shown in a large prospective cohort with 10 years followup that consuming 5% of energy from both animal and total protein at the expense of carbohydrates or fat increases diabetes risk by as much as 30% [69]. This reinforces the theory that high-protein diets can have adverse effects on glucose metabolism.
  • Another recent study showed that low-carbohydrate high-protein diets, used on a regular basis and without consideration of the nature of carbohydrates or the source of proteins, are also associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease [70], thereby indicating a potential link between high-protein Western diets, T2DM, and cardiovascular risk.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Oct 13
     
    macronutrient intake and effect on glucose regulation and thus metabolism.
Nathan Goodyear

High-dose vitamin C therapy for inclusion body myositis. - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...11411094

vitamin C IV vitamin C myositis autoimmune disease intravenous vitamin C inflammation

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 17 Aug 17 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Aug 17
     
    study finds "high dose" IV vitamin C benefited 3 of 5 patients in short 4 week study.  The "high dose" was not high dose at all, so that fact that a low dose of IV vitamin C will benefit dermatomysotis in over 50% of the patients in this very small study points to the question, what if actually high dose vitamin C is used.
wheelchairindia9

Tynor Elbow Support - 0 views

www.wheelchairindia.com/...Tynor-Elbow-Support

Wrist Brace Support Double Lock Gives Rigid Support rigid and comfortable to wear provides extra stretch bilayered cotton surface elbow and forearm joint partially immobilize the wrist pain inflammation and stiffness

shared by wheelchairindia9 on 23 Mar 16 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 23 Mar 16
     
    Tynor Wrist Brace with Double Lock is designed with a double lock that will make it simple to apply and remove. Its double lock feature gives rigid support to the wrist. It partially keeps the wrist immobilized. It can easily adjust the compression around the affected area as per the desire. It provides the warming feel to the injured area to allay the local pain and inflammation. It has a high modulus of elasticity which works for a long time, even if use this on a regularl basis. It has striped elastic webbing which is of high quality material. This double lock wrist brace is strong, rigid and comfortable to wear. Its material is porous in nature which keeps the affected area air ventilated. It can adjust the compression pressure according to the will. Its double hook loop locking system is easy to apply and remove as well as comes with universal sizing. This wrist brace provides strength and support to the wrist and keep the wrist protected against the further injury or damage. Tynor Wrist Brace with Double Lock Wrist brace with double lock is designed to support, protect and partially immobilize the wrist. It compresses the area and retain the body heat to allay local pain and inflammation. Extra grip. Extra porous Controlled compression. Easy application. Tynor Wrist Brace with Double Lock Features High quality, striped elastic webbing Strong and durable Porous and comfortable High modulus of elasticity- Retains shape and size for a long time. Excellent compressive strength, better support Hook loop Double locking Easy to apply and remove Ensures optimal compression Better fitting and universal sizing. Tynor Elbow Support Elbow support provides firm compression, warmth & support to the forearm and the elbow joint, to allay pain inflammation and stiffness, generally associated with old age, arthritis, sports injury etc. Light weight Four way stretch Freely breathable Soft and comfortable Tynor Elbow Support Features Anatom
wheelchairindia9

Best Tennis Elbow Support - 0 views

www.wheelchairindia.com/...Tynor-Tennis-Elbow-Support

Tennis Elbow Support Help Relief From Forearm porous and a comfortable material firm grip with silicon pad Custom compression and fit compressive strength and support free and natural movement

shared by wheelchairindia9 on 25 Mar 16 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 25 Mar 16
     
    Tynor Wrist Brace with Thumb is created to reinforce, prevent and partially immobilize the wrist and the palm. This wrist brace allows natural and free activity of the fingers. It keeps the affected area compact and maintains the body heat to lessen the local pain inflammation. Its has high quality striped elastic webbing which provides high modulus of elasticity which gives the comfortable feel. It is made from the strong, durable, porous and a comfortable material which remains for a long time. This Wrist Brace provides excellent compressive strength and support to the wrist. Its Hook loop closures allow easy application and removal. It fits comfortably around the wrist and comes in universal sizing. It also has an anatomical thumb opening which fastens the healing process. It keeps the thumb in relaxed and comfortable position. Its extra porous material allows the proper ventilation to the affected skin. Wrist brace with thumb is designed to support, protect and partially immobilize the wrist and the palm while allowing free and natural movement of the fingers. It compresses the area and retains the body heat to allay local pain and inflammation. Extra grip. Extra porous Controlled compression. Anatomical thumb placement. Tynor Wrist Brace with Thumb Features High quality , striped elastic webbing Strong and durable Porous and comfortable High modulus of elasticity- Retains shape and size for a long time. Excellent compressive strength, better support Hook loop closures Easy to apply and remove Ensures optimal compression Better fitting and universal sizing. Anatomical thumb opening Better pain relief and healing. Thumb in abduction remains relaxed, no fatigue Improves comfort Allows free and natural movement of the thumb and fingers. Tynor tennis elbow support is specially crafted to aid and render relief from generalized pain and tenderness in the forearm and elbow caused by repetitive strain injury due to the firm grip or ac
Nathan Goodyear

Metabolic characteristics of keto-adapted ultra-endurance runners - Metabolism - Clinic... - 0 views

www.metabolismjournal.com/...fulltext

ketogenic diet carbohydrates fats endurance athletes endurance exercise endurance sports exercise

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 16
     
    full study of previous abstract: low carb and high fat diet found to maintain muscle glycogen equal to high carb diet in endurance athletes.  Endurance athletes have high fat oxidation and this probably only applies to these endurance athletes; I would suspect this high fat oxidation would not be found in other short interval sports i.e. sprinting, football....
wheelchairindia9

Handicapped Two Wheeler - 0 views

www.wheelchairindia.com/...SIDE-WHEEL-ATTACHMENT

Innovative Scooter For The Benefit Of Disabled Scooter For Handicapped Person 2 Piece Tyre Size Handicapped Two Wheeler power-operated vehicle delta-style steering arrangement

shared by wheelchairindia9 on 24 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 24 Apr 15
     
    Heavy duty mobility scooters are strong enough to accommodate almost any user. When compared with lighter units, mobility scooters models tend to feature bigger motors, wider bases, and larger tires. While a lighter model may be difficult to maneuver through rougher landscapes, mobility scooter is designed to tackle even the most challenging terrain.An excellent selection of scooters for sale. An extensive scooter accessories section, where find plenty of customization options to help ensure that the model select is a perfect fit. Side Wheels For Hero Pleasure: Side Wheel Attachment for Hero Pleasure or Side Wheels For Hero Pleasure or Three wheeler Hero Pleasure for handicapped is product, designed for use with bikes meant for the open road. Instead of shifting with a foot, a rider can drive easily their bike on road using his or her hand. This piece of equipment has been tested at well-known motorcycle tracks. This provides assembly and installation for all products at all facilities. Side Wheel Attachment For Hero Pleasure to fit the widest array of motorcycles and all-terrain vehicles possible. Side Wheel Attachment For Hero Pleasure Measurements: Frame : 38 mm 16 Gauge CR Pipe With Powder Coated Wheel Hub : Alloys Molded 2 Piece Tyre Size : 3.50 x 10 Inches 2 Piece Tube Size : 3.50 x 10 inches 2 Piece Shocks Up Heavy Duty 4 Piece ball baring 2 Piece pin bush 2 Piece mudguard chrome plated 2 Piece Disk with 4 Hole Wheel Type: Alloy Wheel Width: 40" to 48" inch Carrying Capacity: 100 -150 kg Side Wheels For Hero Pleasure Features: Independent Mobility Minimal Cost Heavy Duty International quality standards Comfort High level of performance Carrying Capacity: 100 -150 kg Sturdy design Provides excellent balance Provides excellent support High durability Side Wheels For CD Deluxe: Side Wheel Attachment for CD Deluxe or Side Wheels For CD Deluxe or Three wheeler CD Deluxe for handicapped is product, designed for u
wheelchairindia9

Ergonomic Wheelchair - 0 views

www.wheelchairindia.com/...ERGONOMIC-WHEELCHAIR

S-Shape Ergonomic Seating Wheelchair Karma S Ergo 305 Wheelchair Karma S Ergo 115 Wheelchair Karman S-Ergo 115 Ergonomic Wheelchair ergonomic series ergonomic wheelchairs

shared by wheelchairindia9 on 23 May 15 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 23 May 15
     
    Ergonomic wheelchair series provides users with a large selection of ultra lightweight wheelchairs that can help improve life. This series has features that include a high strength lightweight frame, foldable and easy to store, breathable anti-bacterial, anti-staining, removable and machine washable cushion. Also includes the exclusive S-Shape Seating System, which provides increased stability, better weight distribution and lowers the risk of pressure sores and spinal injury. The patented S-Shape Seating System that comes with every wheelchair model in this series provides an ergonomic seating frame that conforms and flexes to the shape of body. Karma S Ergo 115 Wheelchair: This model features our S-Shape Seating System and is our number one best seller for many reasons. At a mere 11.3 kg in weight with detachable foot rest and many features such as removable machine washable and dry-able cushions treated by AEIGIS treated anti-microbial coated seating system. Karma S-Ergo 115 Wheelchair Features: Ergonomic Handrims & S-Shape Ergonomic Seating System Fixed armrest w/ wider concave armpads Swing In & Away Footrests Backrest Pouch attached to the upholstery 24" flat free polyurethane tires, high tread, flat free wheels Seat width: 16"x17" or 18"x17" or 20"x 17" Silver 1/4" Aegis Anti-Bacterial Upholstery, washable Folding backrest / folding seat for easy traveling "Tube-in Center" foot-plate, assures better side leg support High strength, starting weight at only 11.3 kg. (w/o footrests) 7×1" Polyurethane front casters Upholstery: Black breathable mesh bottom & top AEIGIS Frame Color: Pearl Silver or Rose Red Weight Capacity of 115 kg. Karma S-Ergo 115 Wheelchair Measurements: Seat Width 16 inch., 18 inch., 20 inch. Seat Depth 17 inch. Armrest Height 8 inch. Seat Height 19 inch. Back Height 17 inch. Overall Height 36 inch. Overall Open Width 23 inch., 25 inch., 27 inch. Folded Width 12 inch. Overall Length 39 i
wheelchairindia9

Jazzy Select Elite - 0 views

www.wheelchairindia.com/...Jazzy-Select-Elite

Jazzy Select Elite Jazzy Power Chair Jazzy Select Jazzy Select 6 Jazzy Power Chairs Pride Jazzy Select 6 Jazzy Elite Power Chair Jazzy 6

shared by wheelchairindia9 on 02 Mar 16 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 02 Mar 16
     
    Jazzy Select Elite The Jazzy Select Elite delivers a potent blend of power, performance and style. In-line, front-wheel drive technology gives the Elite excellent stability and maneuverability for solid performance indoors and out. Jazzy Select Elite Features Jazzy includes shroud and controller guards to protect against daily wear and tear. Red or blue color-through shroud. Black high-back seat with removable, replaceable back and seat covers. Dual-layer powder coated frame for increased durability. Larger foot platform. 40 amp, PG GC 3 controller. Built with ease of service in mind. Jazzy Select Elite Specifications Weight Capacity: 300 lbs. Turning Radius: 24.75" Width: 22.75" Length: 34.75" Maximum Speed Up to 4 mph Ground Clearance: 1.5" Front Wheels: 3" solid anti-tips Drive Wheels: 9" solid Rear Wheels: 6" solid casters Drivetrain: Two-motor, in-line, front-wheel drive Braking System Regenerative and electro-mechanical Suspension Type Limited High-Back Seating: 20"W x 20"D (max. dimensions) High-Back Seat-to-Floor Range: 21.5" - 23.5" Specialty Seating: 20"W x 20"D (max. dimensions) Specialty Seat-to-Floor Range: 16.5" - 18.5" Synergy Seating 20"W x 20"D (max. dimensions) Synergy Seat-to-Floor Range 17.25" - 19.25" Standard Electronics: 40A, PG GC3 Battery Size: 12 volt, U-1 (2 required) Standard Battery Charger: 3A, off-board Per-Charge Range Up to 15 miles Battery Weight: 24.5 lbs. each Base Weight: 68.5 lbs. Standard Seat Weight: 43 lbs. (comfort, high-back) Standard Seat Size: 18" x 18"-20"
wheelchairindia9

Tynor Wrist Brace with Thumb - 0 views

www.wheelchairindia.com/...Tynor-Wrist-Brace-with-Thumb

Tennis Elbow Support Help Relief From Forearm porous and a comfortable material firm grip with silicon pad Custom compression and fit compressive strength and support free and natural movement

shared by wheelchairindia9 on 25 Mar 16 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 25 Mar 16
     
    Tynor Wrist Brace with Thumb is created to reinforce, prevent and partially immobilize the wrist and the palm. This wrist brace allows natural and free activity of the fingers. It keeps the affected area compact and maintains the body heat to lessen the local pain inflammation. Its has high quality striped elastic webbing which provides high modulus of elasticity which gives the comfortable feel. It is made from the strong, durable, porous and a comfortable material which remains for a long time. This Wrist Brace provides excellent compressive strength and support to the wrist. Its Hook loop closures allow easy application and removal. It fits comfortably around the wrist and comes in universal sizing. It also has an anatomical thumb opening which fastens the healing process. It keeps the thumb in relaxed and comfortable position. Its extra porous material allows the proper ventilation to the affected skin. Tynor Wrist Brace with Thumb Wrist brace with thumb is designed to support, protect and partially immobilize the wrist and the palm while allowing free and natural movement of the fingers. It compresses the area and retains the body heat to allay local pain and inflammation. Extra grip. Extra porous Controlled compression. Anatomical thumb placement. Tynor Wrist Brace with Thumb Features High quality , striped elastic webbing Strong and durable Porous and comfortable High modulus of elasticity- Retains shape and size for a long time. Excellent compressive strength, better support Hook loop closures Easy to apply and remove Ensures optimal compression Better fitting and universal sizing. Anatomical thumb opening Better pain relief and healing. Thumb in abduction remains relaxed, no fatigue Improves comfort Allows free and natural movement of the thumb and fingers. Tynor Tennis Elbow Support Tennis Elbow Support is designed to help provide relief from generalized pain and tenderness in the forearm and elbow caused by repetitiv
Nathan Goodyear

Multiple Myeloma Tumor Cells are Selectively Killed by Pharmacologically-dosed Ascorbic... - 0 views

www.ebiomedicine.com/...fulltext

multiple myeloma vitamin C IV vitamin C smoldering myeloma cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 25 Sep 17 - No Cached
  • Recent reports indicate that a certain ROS concentration is required for high-dose vitamin C to induce cytotoxicity in cancer cells.
  • The generation of ascorbyl- and H2O2 radicals by PAA increases ROS stress in cancer cells
  • In this study, we report that PAA is efficacious in killing MM cells in vitro and in vivo models, which generated levels of 20–40 mM ascorbate and 500 nM ascorbyl radicals after intraperitoneal administration of 4 g ascorbate per kilogram of body weight (Chen et al., 2008Chen et al., 2008), in xenograft MM mice
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  • These data suggest that PAA may show a therapeutic advantage to blood cancers vs solid tumors because of the communication between tumor cells and blood plasma
  • These results strongly suggest that the mechanism of PAA killing of MM cells is indeed iron-dependent
  • These results suggest that PAA administration in SMM may be able to prevent progression to symtomatic MM
  • A recent study by Yun and colleagues demonstrated that vitamin C selectively kills KRAS and BRAF mutant colorectal cancer cells by targeting GAPDH, but spares normal cells
  • RAS family genes show the most frequent mutations in MM. KRAS, NRAS and BRAF are mutated in 22%, 20% and 7% of MM samples
  • the disease stage rather than the mutation of RAS and/or BRAF is the major predictive factor for PAA sensitivity in MM treatment
  • Other molecular mechanisms including ATP depletion and ATM-AMPK signaling have been reported to explain PAA-induced cell death
  • our pilot study also suggested that PAA could overcome drug resistance to bortezomib in MM cells
  • Our findings complement reported studies and further address the mechanism of action using clinical samples in which we observed that PAA killed tumor cells with high iron content, suggesting that iron might be the initiator of PAA cytotoxicity
  • combination of PAA with standard therapeutic drugs, such as melphalan, may significantly reduce the dose of melphalan needed
  • Combined treatment of reduced dose melphalan with PAA achieved a significantly longer progression-free survival than the same dose of melphalan alone.
  • These data also suggest that the bone marrow suppression induced by high-dose melphalan can be ameliorated by the combination of PAA with lower dose of melphalan because of the lack of toxicity of PAA on normal cells with low iron content.
  • if creatinine clearance is <30 mL/min, high dose ascorbic acid should be not administrated.
  • In MM preclinical and clinical studies, ascorbate was used as an adjunct drug and showed controversial results (Harvey et al., 2009, Perrone et al., 2009, Held et al., 2013, Sharma et al., 2012, Nakano et al., 2011, Takahashi, 2010, Sharma et al., 2009, Qazilbash et al., 2008). However, none of these tests used pharmacological doses of ascorbate and intravenous administration
  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm.
  • Cameron and Pauling reported that high doses of vitamin C increased survival of patients with cancer
  • pharmacologically dosed ascorbic acid (PAA) 50–100 g (Chen et al., 2008, Padayatty et al., 2004, Hoffer et al., 2008, Padayatty et al., 2006, Welsh et al., 2013), administered intravenously, has potent anti-cancer activity and its role as anti-cancer therapy is being studied at the University of Iowa and in other centers
  • In the presence of catalytic metal ions like iron, PAA administered intravenously exerts pro-oxidant effects leading to the formation of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in cell death
  • the labile iron pool (LIP) is significantly elevated in MM cells
  • The survival of CD138+ cells in vitro was significantly decreased following PAA treatment in all 9 MM
  • In contrast, no significant change of cell viability was observed in CD138− BM cells from the same patients
  • The same effect of PAA was also observed in the SMM patients
  • no response to PAA was detected in CD138+ cells from the 2 MGUS patients
  • the combination of melphalan plus PAA showed greater tumor burden reduction than each drug alone, suggesting a synergistic activity between these two drugs
  • Both catalase and NAC protect cells from oxidative damage
  • cells pretreated with NAC and catalase became resistant to PAA even at high doses
  • adding deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator, to OCI-MY5 cells before PAA treatment was also sufficient to prevent PAA-induced cellular death
  • iron is essential for PAA to achieve its anti-cancer activity
  • PAA induced early necrosis (Fig. 3Fig. 3A, 60 min) followed by late apoptosis
  • results further indicated that PAA induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis
  • PAA by reacting with LIP and generating ROS induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in which AIF1 cleavage is important for cell death.
  • ROS and H2O2 are well known factors mediating PAA-induced cancer cell death
  • PAA was sensitive to all 9 MMs and 2 SMMs
  • Nathan Goodyear on 25 Sep 17
     
    animal study finds high-dose, pharmacologic vitamin C found to kill multiple myeloma cells via pro-oxidant effect found in similar studies in dealing with different cancers.
Nathan Goodyear

High Fat High Calories Diet (HFD) Increase Gut Susceptibility to Carcinogens by Alterin... - 0 views

www.jcancer.org/v11p4091.htm

diet high fat diet high calorie diet excess calorie cancer nutrition colorectal cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Aug 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Aug 21
     
    High fat and high calorie diets associated with increased colorectal cancer risk through alteration of gut flora. The exact mechanism between the altered gut flora and the cancer risk is unknown, per the authors, but the inflammation is likely the connection.
pharmacybiz

Conditions Causing Type 2 Diabetes And High BP : Study - 0 views

www.pharmacy.biz/abetes-and-high-blood-pressure

pharmacy-business Prevalence-of-hypertension-in-type-2-diabetes Type-2-diabetes-and-hypertension-treatment Type-1-diabetes-and-hypertension Hypertension-and-diabetes

shared by pharmacybiz on 17 Jan 22 - No Cached
  • pharmacybiz on 17 Jan 22
     
    A study by scientists in a UK university has shown the scale of the prevalence of a condition that can lead to various cardiometabolic diseases. The study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine journal on Tuesday (January 4) has prompted calls for changes to healthcare policy after researchers revealed, for the first time, the scale of the impact of the condition associated with benign tumours that can lead to type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. Up to 10 per cent of adults have a benign tumour, or lump, known as an 'adrenal incidentaloma' in their adrenal glands which can be associated with the overproduction of hormones including the stress steroid hormone cortisol that can lead to type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. Previous small studies suggested that one in three adrenal incidentalomas produce excess cortisol, a condition called mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS). An international research team led by the University of Birmingham carried out the largest ever prospective study of over 1,305 patients with adrenal incidentalomas to assess their risk of high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes and their cortisol production by comparing patients with and without MACS.
Nathan Goodyear

Comparative Studies of the Estrogen Receptors β and α and the Androgen Recept... - 0 views

ajp.amjpathol.org/...fulltext

ER beta ER-beta AR androgen receptors ER alpha ER-alpha prostate disease cancer estrogen receptor hormone hormones men male

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • ER-β is predominately immunolocalized in basal cells and to a lesser extent in stromal cells of the morphologically normal human prostate
  • ER-α is detected in stromal cells and rarely in basal cells of the normal gland
  • AR was predominately localized in the nuclei of differentiated secretory cells and variably in basal cells of the normal acinar/duct unit as well as in stromal cells
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  • Hall and colleagues44 have reported that ER-β functions as a transdominant inhibitor of ER-α transcription and that it acts to decrease overall cellular sensitivity to estradiol
  • The expression of ER-β was diminished in high-grade dysplasias when compared to normal glands and lower grade lesions.
  • The transition from normal to low/moderate dysplastic glands in the peripheral zone was marked by the appearance of ER-β homogeneously immunostained nuclei in secretory as well as basal cells with no changes in the localization of the other receptors.
  • proliferative signals mediated by AR in basal cells or by ER-α and AR in stromal cells may be opposed by the purported growth-inhibitory action of ER-β25, 26, 27, 28 localized in basal cells.
  • The diminution of ER-β expression in high-grade dysplasias and grade 4/5 cancers may be therefore related to the alteration of DNA methylation pattern in CpG islands of the promoter, resulting in down-regulation of the receptor at the transcriptional level
  • based on the proposed anti-proliferative function of the receptor,25, 26, 27, 28 the presence of ER-β in secretory cells of low/moderate-grade lesions may represent a transient abortive attempt to counter growth of these cells
  • the attrition of receptor-positive basal cells in the high-grade dysplasias may signify a continuing loss of growth inhibitory function mediated by ER-β in these precursor lesions
  • Our findings in prostate therefore differ from those reported for human colon cancer in which Folley and colleagues48 demonstrated that a selective loss of ER-β protein but not receptor message expression occurs in these neoplasms
  • Our findings therefore differed from those of Bonkhoff and colleagues33 who found immunostaining for the receptor in high-grade dysplasias and grade 4/5 carcinomas. Using in situ hybridization these authors also reported that a high percentage of dysplasias and carcinomas in their study contained cells that expressed ER-α message
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jan 14
     
    Very nice study.  The authors looked at normal prostate, early disease and late stage prostate cancer.  The authors found that ER beta expression, as a general rule, was lost as progression occurred to the high-grade dysplasias and grad 4/5 carcinomas of the prostate.  Early low/moderate dysplasia was associated with an increase in ER beta--the authors propose that this was due to an attempt of the basal epithelium to counter the paracrine effect of ER alpha.   In contrast, androgen receptors appeared to be equally expressed across all.
Nathan Goodyear

Nutrition & Metabolism | Full text | Fructose, insulin resistance, and metabolic dyslip... - 0 views

www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/...5

fructose metabolic syndrome metabolic syndrome insulin resistance obesity nutrition metabolism

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 16 Sep 13 - Cached
  • For thousands of years humans consumed fructose amounting to 16–20 grams per day
  • daily consumptions amounting to 85–100 grams of fructose per day
  • Of key importance is the ability of fructose to by-pass the main regulatory step of glycolysis, the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, controlled by phosphofructokinase
  • ...29 more annotations...
  • Thus, while glucose metabolism is negatively regulated by phosphofructokinase, fructose can continuously enter the glycolytic pathway. Therefore, fructose can uncontrollably produce glucose, glycogen, lactate, and pyruvate, providing both the glycerol and acyl portions of acyl-glycerol molecules. These particular substrates, and the resultant excess energy flux due to unregulated fructose metabolism, will promote the over-production of TG (reviewed in [53]).
  • Glycemic excursions and insulin responses were reduced by 66% and 65%, respectively, in the fructose-consuming subjects
  • reduction in circulating leptin both in the short and long-term as well as a 30% reduction in ghrelin (an orexigenic gastroenteric hormone) in the fructose group compared to the glucose group.
  • A prolonged elevation of TG was also seen in the high fructose subjects
  • Both fat and fructose consumption usually results in low leptin concentrations which, in turn, leads to overeating in populations consuming energy from these particular macronutrients
  • Chronic fructose consumption reduces adiponectin responses, contributing to insulin resistance
  • A definite relationship has also been found between metabolic syndrome and hyperhomocysteinemia
  • the liver takes up dietary fructose rapidly where it can be converted to glycerol-3-phosphate. This substrate favours esterification of unbound FFA to form the TG
  • Fructose stimulates TG production, but impairs removal, creating the known dyslipidemic profile
  • the effects of fructose in promoting TG synthesis are independent of insulinemia
  • Although fructose does not appear to acutely increase insulin levels, chronic exposure seems to indirectly cause hyperinsulinemia and obesity through other mechanisms. One proposed mechanism involves GLUT5
  • If FFA are not removed from tissues, as occurs in fructose fed insulin resistant models, there is an increased energy and FFA flux that leads to the increased secretion of TG
  • In these scenarios, where there is excess hepatic fatty acid uptake, synthesis and secretion, 'input' of fats in the liver exceed 'outputs', and hepatic steatosis occurs
  • Carbohydrate induced hypertriglycerolemia results from a combination of both TG overproduction, and inadequate TG clearance
  • fructose-induced metabolic dyslipidemia is usually accompanied by whole body insulin resistance [100] and reduced hepatic insulin sensitivity
  • Excess VLDL secretion has been shown to deliver increased fatty acids and TG to muscle and other tissues, further inducing insulin resistance
  • the metabolic effects of fructose occur through rapid utilization in the liver due to the bypassing of the regulatory phosphofructokinase step in glycolysis. This in turn causes activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, and subsequent modifications favoring esterification of fatty acids, again leading to increased VLDL secretion
  • High fructose diets can have a hypertriglyceridemic and pro-oxidant effect
  • Oxidative stress has often been implicated in the pathology of insulin resistance induced by fructose feeding
  • Administration of alpha-lipoic acid (LA) has been shown to prevent these changes, and improve insulin sensitivity
  • LA treatment also prevents several deleterious effects of fructose feeding: the increases in cholesterol, TG, activity of lipogenic enzymes, and VLDL secretion
  • Fructose has also been implicated in reducing PPARα levels
  • PPARα is a ligand activated nuclear hormone receptor that is responsible for inducing mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation
  • decreased PPARα expression can result in reduced oxidation, leading to cellular lipid accumulation
  • fructose diets altered the structure and function of VLDL particles causing and increase in the TG: protein ratio
  • LDL particle size has been found to be inversely related to TG concentration
  • therefore the higher TG results in a smaller, denser, more atherogenic LDL particle, which contributes to the morbidity of the metabolic disorders associated with insulin resistance
  • High fructose, which stimulates VLDL secretion, may initiate the cycle that results in metabolic syndrome long before type 2 diabetes and obesity develop
  • A high flux of fructose to the liver, the main organ capable of metabolizing this simple carbohydrate, disturbs normal hepatic carbohydrate metabolism leading to two major consequences (Figure 2): perturbations in glucose metabolism and glucose uptake pathways, and a significantly enhanced rate of de novo lipogenesis and TG synthesis, driven by the high flux of glycerol and acyl portions of TG molecules coming from fructose catabolism
  • Nathan Goodyear on 16 Sep 13
     
    Fructose and metabolic syndrome.  Good discussion of the impact of high fructose intake and metabolic dysfunction.  This study also does a great job of highlighting the historical change of fructose intake.
wheelchairindia9

S-Ergo 105 - 0 views

www.wheelchairindia.com/...Karma-S-Ergo-105-Wheelchair

Comfort Ergonomic Folding Ultralight Wheelchairs breathable anti-bacterial S-Shape Seating System ergonomic lightweight wheelchair s-ergo 105 fully propel without armrests

shared by wheelchairindia9 on 06 May 15 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 06 May 15
     
    Ergonomic chairs are designed to confirm to a person's physical dimensions, allowing them to sit naturally and comfortably for long periods of time, while reducing the risk of pressure ulcers. Karma Wheelchair KM 7501: Karma Healthcare KM 7501 Pediatric Wheelchair is a manual wheelchair for children. It's ergonomically antelope horn-shaped handle makes it easy to steer and push the chair, and vertical footrest allow legs to be placed in the correct position. One-piece footplate increases stability. The wheelchair has a great look with a bright color and modern style. Karma Healthcare Wheelchair KM 7501 Features: Karma Healthcare Wheelchair KM-7501 Paediatric Wheelchair offers here-we-go handle Caring footrest Seat width: 11" or 13.5" Ultra lightweight and compact Outward extended front wheels 6" solid caster and 14" solid rear wheel Maximum user weight: 60Kg One Year Warranty Karma Wheelchair KM 7501 Measurements: Width 11" And 13.5" Front/Rear Wheels 6" to 14" 6" to 14" Seat Width 28cm 34cm Seat Depth 30cm 30cm Overall Width 45cm 51cm Overall Collapsed Width 34cm 34cm Armrest Height 18cm 18cm Overall Length 70W 70W Seat Height 39cm 39cm Backrest Height 36cm 36cm Overall Height 102cm 102cm Weight 9.3kg 9.3kg Ergo Wheelchair features an ergonomic "S" shaped seat that provides the perfect shape to fit the human body to relieve pressure, increase stabilization, weight distribution and lower the risk of pressure sores and scoliosis. Karma S Ergo 105 Wheelchair Karma S Ergo 105 Wheelchair Features: High strength, weighs only 12.2 kg. (w/ footrests) ¼" thick removable Aegis Anti-Bacterial Upholstery, machine washable / dryable "Tube-in Center" footplate, assures better side leg support Fixed Footrests Pouch for carrying small items attached to upholstery behind backrest 7"x1" Polyurethane front caster 24' Rear polyurethane, high profile, flat free wheels S-Style Ergonomic Seat Folding backrest/ folding seat for tra
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