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Nathan Goodyear

A practical model of low-volume high-intensity interval training induces mitochondrial ... - 0 views

jp.physoc.org/...1011.long

HIT high-intensity interval training exercise muscle mitochondria training

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jan 13
     
    High-intensity interval training increase mitochondrial performance.
Nathan Goodyear

Physiological adaptations to low-volume, high-intensity interval training in health and... - 0 views

jp.physoc.org/...1077.long

exercise HIT interval training health

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Jan 13
     
    Good discussions of the benefits of high intensity, interval training.
Nathan Goodyear

Sleep Duration and Biomarkers of Inflammation - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2635584

sleep TNF-alpha IL-6 CRP inflammation

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Jan 12
     
    shortened sleep interval increased TNF-alpha levels and prolonged sleep intervals increased IL-6 and CRP.  It appears that sleep duration has a direct effect on inflammation
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone and the Cardiovascular System: A Comprehensive Review of the Clinical Lite... - 0 views

jaha.ahajournals.org/...e000272.full

Testosterone men male cardiovascular disease low T

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Low endogenous bioavailable testosterone levels have been shown to be associated with higher rates of all‐cause and cardiovascular‐related mortality.39,41,46–47 Patients suffering from CAD,13–18 CHF,137 T2DM,25–26 and obesity27–28
  • have all been shown to have lower levels of endogenous testosterone compared with those in healthy controls. In addition, the severity of CAD15,17,29–30 and CHF137 correlates with the degree of testosterone deficiency
  • In patients with CHF, testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to significantly improve exercise tolerance while having no effect on LVEF
  • ...66 more annotations...
  • testosterone therapy causes a shift in the skeletal muscle of CHF patients toward a higher concentration of type I muscle fibers
  • Testosterone replacement therapy has also been shown to improve the homeostatic model of insulin resistance and hemoglobin A1c in diabetics26,68–69 and to lower the BMI in obese patients.
  • Lower levels of endogenous testosterone have been associated with longer duration of the QTc interval
  • testosterone replacement has been shown to shorten the QTc interval
  • negative correlation has been demonstrated between endogenous testosterone levels and IMT of the carotid arteries, abdominal aorta, and thoracic aorta
  • These findings suggest that men with lower levels of endogenous testosterone may be at a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis.
  • Current guidelines from the Endocrine Society make no recommendations on whether patients with heart disease should be screened for hypogonadism and do not recommend supplementing patients with heart disease to improve survival.
  • The Massachusetts Male Aging Study also projects ≈481 000 new cases of hypogonadism annually in US men within the same age group
  • since 1993 prescriptions for testosterone, regardless of the formulation, have increased nearly 500%
  • Testosterone levels are lower in patients with chronic illnesses such as end‐stage renal disease, human immunodeficiency virus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and several genetic conditions such as Klinefelter syndrome
  • A growing body of evidence suggests that men with lower levels of endogenous testosterone are more prone to develop CAD during their lifetimes
  • There are 2 major potential confounding factors that the older studies generally failed to account for. These factors are the subfraction of testosterone used to perform the analysis and the method used to account for subclinical CAD.
  • The biologically inactive form of testosterone is tightly bound to SHBG and is therefore unable to bind to androgen receptors
  • The biologically inactive fraction of testosterone comprises nearly 68% of the total testosterone in human serum
  • The biologically active subfraction of testosterone, also referred to as bioavailable testosterone, is either loosely bound to albumin or circulates freely in the blood, the latter referred to as free testosterone
  • It is estimated that ≈30% of total serum testosterone is bound to albumin, whereas the remaining 1% to 3% circulates as free testosterone
  • it can be argued that using the biologically active form of testosterone to evaluate the association with CAD will produce the most reliable results
  • English et al14 found statistically significant lower levels of bioavailable testosterone, free testosterone, and free androgen index in patients with catheterization‐proven CAD compared with controls with normal coronary arteries
  • patients with catheterization‐proven CAD had statistically significant lower levels of bioavailable testosterone
  • In conclusion, existing evidence suggests that men with CAD have lower levels of endogenous testosterone,13–18 and more specifically lower levels of bioavailable testosterone
  • low testosterone levels are associated with risk factors for CAD such as T2DM25–26 and obesity
  • In a meta‐analysis of these 7 population‐based studies, Araujo et al41 showed a trend toward increased cardiovascular mortality associated with lower levels of total testosterone, but statistical significance was not achieved (RR, 1.25
  • the authors showed that a decrease of 2.1 standard deviations in levels of total testosterone was associated with a 25% increase in the risk of cardiovascular mortality
  • the relative risk of all‐cause mortality in men with lower levels of total testosterone was calculated to be 1.35
  • higher risk of cardiovascular mortality is associated with lower levels of bioavailable testosterone
  • Existing evidence seems to suggest that lower levels of endogenous testosterone are associated with higher rates of all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality
  • studies have shown that lower levels of endogenous bioavailable testosterone are associated with higher rates of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality
  • It may be possible that using bioavailable testosterone to perform mortality analysis will yield more accurate results because it prevents the biologically inactive subfraction of testosterone from playing a potential confounding role in the analysis
  • The earliest published material on this matter dates to the late 1930s
  • the concept that testosterone replacement therapy improves angina has yet to be proven wrong
  • In more recent studies, 3 randomized, placebo‐controlled trials demonstrated that administration of testosterone improves myocardial ischemia in men with CAD
  • The improvement in myocardial ischemia was shown to occur in response to both acute and chronic testosterone therapy and seemed to be independent of whether an intravenous or transdermal formulation of testosterone was used.
  • testosterone had no effect on endothelial nitric oxide activity
  • There is growing evidence from in vivo animal models and in vitro models that testosterone induces coronary vasodilation by modulating the activity of ion channels, such as potassium and calcium channels, on the surface of vascular smooth muscle cells
  • Experimental studies suggest that the most likely mechanism of action for testosterone on vascular smooth muscle cells is via modulation of action of non‐ATP‐sensitive potassium ion channels, calcium‐activated potassium ion channels, voltage‐sensitive potassium ion channels, and finally L‐type calcium ion channels
  • Corona et al confirmed those results by demonstrating that not only total testosterone levels are lower among diabetics, but also the levels of free testosterone and SHBG are lower in diabetic patients
  • Laaksonen et al65 followed 702 Finnish men for 11 years and demonstrated that men in the lowest quartile of total testosterone, free testosterone, and SHBG were more likely to develop T2DM and metabolic syndrome.
  • Vikan et al followed 1454 Swedish men for 11 years and discovered that men in the highest quartile of total testosterone were significantly less likely to develop T2DM
  • authors demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the incidence of T2DM in subjects receiving gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist therapy. In addition, a significant increase in the rate of myocardial infarction, stroke, sudden cardiac death, and development of cardiovascular disease was noted in patients receiving antiandrogen therapy.67
  • Several authors have demonstrated that the administration of testosterone in diabetic men improves the homeostatic model of insulin resistance, hemoglobin A1c, and fasting plasma glucose
  • Existing evidence strongly suggests that the levels of total and free testosterone are lower among diabetic patients compared with those in nondiabetics
  • insulin seems to be acting as a stimulant for the hypothalamus to secret gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, which consequently results in increased testosterone production. It can be argued that decreased stimulation of the hypothalamus in diabetics secondary to insulin deficiency could result in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
  • BMI has been shown to be inversely associated with testosterone levels
  • This interaction may be a result of the promotion of lipolysis in abdominal adipose tissue by testosterone, which may in turn cause reduced abdominal adiposity. On the other hand, given that adipose tissue has a higher concentration of the enzyme aromatase, it could be that increased adipose tissue results in more testosterone being converted to estrogen, thereby causing hypogonadism. Third, increased abdominal obesity may cause reduced testosterone secretion by negatively affecting the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐testicular axis. Finally, testosterone may be the key factor in activating the enzyme 11‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in adipose tissue, which transforms glucocorticoids into their inactive form.
  • increasing age may alter the association between testosterone and CRP. Another possible explanation for the association between testosterone level and CRP is central obesity and waist circumference
  • Bai et al have provided convincing evidence that testosterone might be able to shorten the QTc interval by augmenting the activity of slowly activating delayed rectifier potassium channels while simultaneously slowing the activity of L‐type calcium channels
  • consistent evidence that supplemental testosterone shortens the QTc interval.
  • Intima‐media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery is considered a marker for preclinical atherosclerosis
  • Studies have shown that levels of endogenous testosterone are inversely associated with IMT of the carotid artery,126–128,32,129–130 as well as both the thoracic134 and the abdominal aorta
  • 1 study has demonstrated that lower levels of free testosterone are associated with accelerated progression of carotid artery IMT
  • another study has reported that decreased levels of total and bioavailable testosterone are associated with progression of atherosclerosis in the abdominal aorta
  • These findings suggest that normal physiologic testosterone levels may help to protect men from the development of atherosclerosis
  • Czesla et al successfully demonstrated that the muscle specimens that were exposed to metenolone had a significant shift in their composition toward type I muscle fibers
  • Type I muscle fibers, also known as slow‐twitch or oxidative fibers, are associated with enhanced strength and physical capability
  • It has been shown that those with advanced CHF have a higher percentage of type II muscle fibers, based on muscle biopsy
  • Studies have shown that men with CHF suffer from reduced levels of total and free testosterone.137 It has also been shown that reduced testosterone levels in men with CHF portends a poor prognosis and is associated with increased CHF mortality.138 Reduced testosterone has also been shown to correlate negatively with exercise capacity in CHF patients.
  • Testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to significantly improve exercise capacity, without affecting LVEF
  • the results of the 3 meta‐analyses seem to indicate that testosterone replacement therapy does not cause an increase in the rate of adverse cardiovascular events
  • Data from 3 meta‐analyses seem to contradict the commonly held belief that testosterone administration may increase the risk of developing prostate cancer
  • One meta‐analysis reported an increase in all prostate‐related adverse events with testosterone administration.146 However, when each prostate‐related event, including prostate cancer and a rise in PSA, was analyzed separately, no differences were observed between the testosterone group and the placebo group
  • the existing data from the 3 meta‐analyses seem to indicate that testosterone replacement therapy does not increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events
  • the authors correctly point out the weaknesses of their study which include retrospective study design and lack of randomization, small sample size at extremes of follow‐up, lack of outcome validation by chart review and poor generalizability of the results given that only male veterans with CAD were included in this study
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 04 Dec 13
       
      The authors here present Total Testosterone as a "confounding" value
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 09 Dec 13
       
      This would be HSD-II
  • the studies that failed to find an association between testosterone and CRP used an older population group
  • low testosterone may influence the severity of CAD by adversely affecting the mediators of the inflammatory response such as high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6, and tumor necrosis factor–α
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Nov 13
     
    Good review of Testosterone and CHD.  Low T is associated with increased all cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, CAD, CHF, type II diabetes, obesity, increased IMT,  increased severity of CAD and CHF.  Testosterone replacement in men with low T has been shown to improve exercise tolerance in CHF, improve insulin resistance, improve HgbA1c and lower BMI in the obese.
Nathan Goodyear

Resistance-Based Interval Exercise Acutely Improves Endothelial Function In Type 2 Diab... - 0 views

ajpheart.physiology.org/...ajpheart.00398.2016

exercise interval training diabetes CVD cardiovascular disease heart

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Oct 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Oct 16
     
    resistance/cardio interval training found to improve vascular endothelial function.
Nathan Goodyear

Effect of Number of Sprints in a SIT Session on Change in VO... : Medicine & Science in... - 0 views

journals.lww.com/...articleviewer.aspx

high intensity training exercise training sports sports medicine interval training

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 17 Jan 17 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Jan 17
     
    meta-analysis out of Scotland finds that less may be more when it comes to interval training.  
Nathan Goodyear

The Effect of High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise on Body Composition of Overweight Yo... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3375095

high intensity interval training HIT HIIE exercise wieght-loss overweight obesity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jul 12
     
    another study that shows that High intensity interval training (HIT) results in fat loss.  IN this study, training consisted of 20 minutes 3 x weekly for 12 weeks.  Fat loss in total, abdominal, trunk, and visceral was decreased.  This study only looked at men.
Nathan Goodyear

Sex specific responses to self-paced, hi... [J Strength Cond Res. 2013] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...23838976

Interval training high intensity training HIT exercise

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 26 Sep 13
     
    Study finds interval training positive for both men and women.  The best ratio, according to this study, is 2:1 work to rest.
Nathan Goodyear

Frontiers | Prevalence of Non-responders for Glucose Control Markers after 10 Weeks of ... - 0 views

journal.frontiersin.org/...full

insulin resistance exercise HITT high intensity intermittent training

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Aug 17 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Aug 17
     
    Exercise is key to healthy lifestyle: High Intensity Interval Training for Insulin resistance found to improve waist circumference, systolic bp, and HOMA-IR; Increased non-responders for insulin and glucose in those with mild IR versus severe IR.
Nathan Goodyear

Will testosterone replacement therapy become a new treatment of chronic heart failure? ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4842839

low Testosterone low T Testosterone CHF heart failure congestive heart failure male hormones hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 16 May 16 - No Cached
  • TRT could improve significantly the exercise capacity of patients, compared with placebo
  • it could be seen that the effect of TRT on SBP and DBP was controversial
  • in men with congestive heart failure, testosterone reduced the Q-Td, whereas placebo had no effects
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • The MVC and PTmax were significantly improved in TRT patients but remained unchanged in the placebo group
  • handgrip strength improved significantly with testosterone treatment
  • According to EF assessed by echocardiography, no differences were observed between the patients who were prescribed testosterone and those who received placebo
  • There were no differences between the groups in circulating levels of NT pro-BNP, and inflammatory markers were unchanged, except for a decrease in TNF-α from baseline in the placebo group
  • Testosterone supplementation therapy appeared to be safe, and the subjects who accepted testosterone treatment did not appear any obvious adverse reactions.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 16 May 16
     
    Testosterone therapy in men with CHF found to increase exercise capacity, reduced the Q-T interval in men, improved muscle strength in men, and was found to be safe in meta-analysis.
Nathan Goodyear

Short inter-set rest blunts resistance exercise-induced increases in myofibrillar prote... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...abstract

resistance training male

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 May 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 May 16
     
    rest interval between rest appears to play role in hormone response versus muscle growth response.  Rest of 1 minute associated with more hormonal response versus rest of 5 minutes associated with more muscle growth response in men.
Nathan Goodyear

Metabolic characteristics of keto-adapted ultra-endurance runners - Metabolism - Clinic... - 0 views

www.metabolismjournal.com/...fulltext

ketogenic diet carbohydrates fats endurance athletes endurance exercise endurance sports exercise

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 16
     
    full study of previous abstract: low carb and high fat diet found to maintain muscle glycogen equal to high carb diet in endurance athletes.  Endurance athletes have high fat oxidation and this probably only applies to these endurance athletes; I would suspect this high fat oxidation would not be found in other short interval sports i.e. sprinting, football....
Nathan Goodyear

short-term benefit from oral vancomycin treatment of regressive-onset autism - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

autism ASD dysbiosis inflammation gut GI gastrointestinal children

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Jan 12
     
    disruption of gut bacteria balance, dysbiosis, proposed to play role in regression autism. This study treated these children with vancomycin. Short interval improvement was found. The take home from this study is the gut-brain connection in children with regression autism
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone responses to intensive inte... [J Endocrinol Invest. 2012] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...23310924

exercise high intensity training HIT hormone hormones Testosterone free 3-alpha androstanediol

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 14
     
    high intensity interval training versus steady state provides different results in post exercise FT.
Nathan Goodyear

Combined creatine and sodium bicarbonate... [J Strength Cond Res. 2004] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...15142001

creatine swim swimming sports performance

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 14
     
    In this study, creatine + sodium bicarbonate improved time in interval swimming.  All were loaded for 6 days prior to randomization.
Nathan Goodyear

Polysaccharides from Cordyceps sinensis mycelium ... [Pharm Biol. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24047103

Cordyceps Cordyceps sinensis exercise performance oxidative stress

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 14
     
    Mouse model finds that Cordyceps increased the interval to exhaustive exercise induced oxidative stress.  SOD, Cat, and GPx were increased in the low, intermediate, and high dose Cordyceps groups.  Oxidative stress markers MDA and 8-OHdG were lower in all groups
Nathan Goodyear

Fructosamine and glycated albumin for risk stratification and prediction of incident di... - 0 views

www.thelancet.com/...abstract

fructosamine glycated albumin diabetes biomarkers

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Apr 14
     
    Fructosamine and glycated albumin shown to correlate with diabetes and associated microvascular complications.  These biomarkers would compare to HgbA1C diagnostically, but their interval of glycemic evaluation would be less i.e.2-4 weeks versus 3 months with HgbA1c.
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone and the Cardiovascular System: A Comprehensive Review of the Clinical Lite... - 0 views

jaha.ahajournals.org/...e000272

low T Testosterone cardiovascular disease CAD CHF insulin resistance type II diabetes diabetes obesity men male hormone hormones therapy

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 May 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 May 14
     
    Some startling statistics in this 2013 review on Testosterone in men.  Studies reflect an inverse relationship between Testosterone and CAD severity.  That is, the lower the Testosterone levels, the increase in severity of CAD. This same association was also found with CHF.  Low Testosterone is common in those with CAD, CHF, type II diabetes, increased IMT in carotids and aorta, and obesity when compared to "healthy" individuals.  Testosterone therapy in those with CAD found benefits: prolongation of ST segment depression, coronary vasodilation, improved exercise capacity in those with CHF, shift to type I muscle fibers, shorten the QTc interval.  Testosterone therapy has been shown to improve insulin resistance, improve HgbA1c and decrease waist circumference and fat loss in obese individuals.  Otherwise, a good review of the association between a declining Testosterone and cardiovascular disease.
Nathan Goodyear

Excessive caloric intake acutely causes oxidative stress, GLUT4 carbonylation, and insu... - 0 views

stm.sciencemag.org/...304re7

insulin resistance insulin GLUT4 diet nutrition

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 Sep 15
     
    Just abstract available, but small study finds men fed high calorie typical in western diets results in GLUT4 inactivation in t think that diet needs a long interval to show effects
Nathan Goodyear

Reversal of fatigue during prolonged exercise by c... [J Appl Physiol. 1987] - PubMed r... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...3325488

prolonged exercise fatigue

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Mar 11
     
    prolonged interval to fatigue in those with glucose infusion/ngestion during exercise
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