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Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote colon carcinoma metastasis in rat liver. Griffini P, Fehres o, Klieverik L, Vogels IM, Tigchelaar W, Smorenburg SM, Van Noorden CJ. Cancer Res. 1998 Aug 1;58(15):3312-9. PMID: 9699661

Nutrients, endpoints, and the problem of proof. Heaney RP. 2008 W. o. Atwater Memorial Lecture J Nutr. 2008 Sep;138(9):1591-5. PMID: 18716155 To sum up, I think that there would be general agreement to the effect that nutrition is important, despite the fact that the still growing number of failed trials of individual nutrients might suggest that no nutrient actually made much of a difference, a conclusion that is absurd on its face and ought to have alerted us to the possibility that there was something wrong with how we were investigating the matter. To provide the proof needed to sustain revised intake recommendations, we shall have to find a design better suited to nutrients than the randomized controlled trial as currently implemented, and we need to develop a series of global indices, nutrient by nutrient, which better capture the polyvalent nature of most nutrients. Perhaps it would be useful for the ASN, in collaboration with concerned governmental entities such as the USDA, to convene a workshop to address these structural issues. Such deliberation may well be arduous and frustrating, but it is terribly important and, in my view, well worth the effort.

van der Wielen RP, Lowik MR, van den BH, de Groot LC, Haller J, Moreiras o, van Staveren WA (1995) Serum vitamin D concentrations among elderly people in Europe. Lancet 346: 207-210 These findings show that free-living elderly Europeans, regardless of geographical location, are at substantial risk of inadequate vitamin D status during winter and that dietary enrichment or supplementation with vitamin D should be seriously considered during this season.

These data indicate that fish oil feeding downregulated the endogenous PPAR-activation system and increased antioxidant gene expressions to protect against RoS excess Fish oil feeding alters liver gene expressions to defend against PPARalpha activation and RoS production. Takahashi M, Tsuboyama-Kasaoka N, Nakatani T, Ishii M, Tsutsumi S, Aburatani H, Ezaki o. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2002 Feb;282(2):G338-48. PMID: 11804856

Teenage girls and elderly women living in northern Europe have low winter vitamin D status. Andersen R, Mølgaard C, Skovgaard LT, Brot C, Cashman KD, Chabros E, Charzewska J, Flynn A, Jakobsen J, Kärkkäinen M, Kiely M, Lamberg-Allardt C, Moreiras o, Natri AM, o'brien M, Rogalska-Niedzwiedz M, ovesen L. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Apr;59(4):533-41. PMID: 15714215 doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602108 CoNCLUSIoN: Vitamin D status is low in northern Europe during winter. More than one-third of the adolescent girls have vitamin D status below 25 nmol/l and almost all are below 50 nmol/l. Two-thirds of the elderly community-dwelling women have vitamin D status below 50 nmol/l. Use of vitamin D supplements is a significant positive determinant for S-25oHD for both girls and women (P = 0.001). SPoNSoRSHIP: The European Fifth Framework Programme (Contract No. QLK1-CT-2000-00623)

Calcidiol and prostate cancer. Tuohimaa P, Golovko o, Kalueff A, Nazarova N, Qiao S, Syvälä H, Talonpoika R, Lou YR. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 Feb;93(2-5):183-90. Epub 2005 Jan 22. Review. PMID: 15860261

Benfotiamine (rINN, or S-benzoylthiamine o-monophoshate) is a synthetic S-acyl derivative of thiamine (vitamine B1). After absorption, benfotiamine can be dephosphorylated by cells bearing an ecto-alkaline phosphatase to the lipid-soluble S-benzoylthiamine. The primary use of this antioxidant is as an "anti-AGE" supplement.[3] In a trial, benfotiamine lowered AGE by 40%.[4] However, in Germany doctors have been known to combine benfotiamine with pyridoxine hydrochloride and use it to treat patients with nerve damage and nerve pain such as sciatica. At high doses, benfotiamine was shown to be effective for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. I

Vitamin D Status and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Death. Kilkkinen A, Knekt P, Aro A, Rissanen H, Marniemi J, Heliövaara M, Impivaara o, Reunanen A. Am J Epidemiol. 2009 Sep 17. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19762371 doi:10.1093/aje/kwp227 A low vitamin D level may be associated with higher risk of a fatal CVD event, particularly cerebrovascular death. These findings need to be replicated in other populations. To demonstrate a causal link between vitamin D and CVD, randomized controlled trials are required.

Long-term effects of giving nursing home residents bread fortified with 125 microg (5000 IU) vitamin D(3) per daily serving. Mocanu V, Stitt PA, Costan AR, Voroniuc o, Zbranca E, Luca V, Vieth R. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Apr;89(4):1132-7. Epub 2009 Feb 25. PMID: 19244376 doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26890

Active hexose correlated compound acts as a prebiotic and is antiinflammatory in rats with hapten-induced colitis. Daddaoua A, Martínez-Plata E, López-Posadas R, Vieites JM, González M, Requena P, Zarzuelo A, Suárez MD, de Medina FS, Martínez-Augustin o. J Nutr. 2007 May;137(5):1222-8. PMID: 17449585

Hemostatic factors and platelet aggregation after a fish-enriched diet or fish oil or docosahexaenoic acid supplementation. Agren JJ, Väisänen S, Hänninen o, Muller AD, Hornstra G. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1997 oct;57(4-5):419-21. PMID: 9430389 doi:10.1016/S0952-3278(97)90421-X    

Weight loss with a low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or low-fat diet. Shai I, Schwarzfuchs D, Henkin Y, Shahar DR, Witkow S, Greenberg I, Golan R, Fraser D, Bolotin A, Vardi H, Tangi-Rozental o, Zuk-Ramot R, Sarusi B, Brickner D, Schwartz Z, Sheiner E, Marko R, Katorza E, Thiery J, Fiedler GM, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Stampfer MJ; Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT) Group. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jul 17;359(3):229-41. PMID: 18635428 Conclusions Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate diets may be effective alternatives to low-fat diets. The more favorable effects on lipids (with the low-carbohydrate diet) and on glycemic control (with the Mediterranean diet) suggest that personal preferences and metabolic considerations might inform individualized tailoring of dietary interventions. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00160108 [ClinicalTrials.gov] .)

Yogurt and gut function. Adolfsson o, Meydani SN, Russell RM. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Aug;80(2):245-56. Review. PMID: 15277142

The high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency across Australian populations is only partly explained by season and latitude. van der Mei IA, Ponsonby AL, Engelsen o, Pasco JA, McGrath JJ, Eyles DW, Blizzard L, Dwyer T, Lucas R, Jones G. Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Aug;115(8):1132-9. PMID: 17687438 doi: 10.1289/ehp.9937. Conclusion Vitamin D insufficiency is common over a wide latitude range in Australia. Season appears to be more important than latitude, but both accounted for less than one-fifth of the variation in serum 25(oH)D levels, highlighting the importance of behavioral factors. Current sun exposure guidelines do not seem to fully prevent vitamin D insufficiency, and consideration should be given to their modification or to pursuing other means to achieve vitamin D adequacy.

Seasonality of UV-radiation and vitamin D status at 69 degrees north. Brustad M, Edvardsen K, Wilsgaard T, Engelsen o, Aksnes L, Lund E. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2007 Aug;6(8):903-8. Epub 2007 Jun 27. PMID: 17668121 The generally high dietary intakes of vitamin D, especially in winter, mask largely the effect of seasonal variation in UV-exposure, causing an atypical seasonal variation in vitamin D status. The UV-hour variable significantly predicted 25(oH)D levels in blood when adjusted for intakes and artificial UV-radiation exposure and sun holidays abroad.

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"Researchers from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) have discovered that restricting consumption of glucose, the most common dietary sugar, can extend the life of healthy human-lung cells and speed the death of precancerous human-lung cells, reducing cancer's spread and growth rate. The research has wide-ranging potential in age-related science, including ways in which calorie-intake restriction can benefit longevity and help prevent diseases like cancer that have been linked to aging, said principal investigator Trygve Tollefsbol, Ph.D., D.o., a professor in the Department of Biology. "These results further verify the potential health benefits of controlling calorie intake." Tollefsbol said. "our research indicates that calorie reduction extends the lifespan of healthy human cells and aids the body's natural ability to kill off cancer-forming cells.

Vitamin D-induced up-regulation of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in prostate cancer cells. Golovko o, Nazarova N, Tuohimaa P. Life Sci. 2005 Jun 17;77(5):562-77. Epub 2005 Feb 25. PMID: 15904673 doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2004.10.072 Combined addition of human recombinant TNF-alpha with calcitriol or CB1093 cause enhanced effect in induction of apoptosis. We conclude that under physiological conditions vitamin D activates only the transcription of TNF-alpha gene, for TNF-alpha protein synthesis additional cofactors are required. Therefore a cooperation of vitamin D and TNF-alpha may play an important role in the control of cell growth in prostate cancer.

"ScienceDaily (Dec. 17, 2009) - Researchers from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) have discovered that restricting consumption of glucose, the most common dietary sugar, can extend the life of healthy human-lung cells and speed the death of precancerous human-lung cells, reducing cancer's spread and growth rate. The research has wide-ranging potential in age-related science, including ways in which calorie-intake restriction can benefit longevity and help prevent diseases like cancer that have been linked to aging, said principal investigator Trygve Tollefsbol, Ph.D., D.o., a professor in the Department of Biology. "These results further verify the potential health benefits of controlling calorie intake." Tollefsbol said. "our research indicates that calorie reduction extends the lifespan of healthy human cells and aids the body's natural ability to kill off cancer-forming cells.""

Calcium:magnesium ratio in local groundwater and incidence of acute myocardial infarction among males in rural Finland. Kousa A, Havulinna AS, Moltchanova E, Taskinen o, Nikkarinen M, Eriksson J, Karvonen M. Environ Health Perspect. 2006 May;114(5):730-4. doi:10.1289/ehp.8438 PMID: 16675428 Results of this study with specific Bayesian statistical analysis support earlier findings of a protective role of Mg and low Ca:Mg ratio against coronary heart disease but do not support the earlier hypothesis of a protective role of Ca