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Again, Testosterone and here Estradiol are merely there for libido and sex.  What tunnel vision?!  What about hsCRP?  What about fibrinogen?  What about IL-1beta?  What about TNF-alpha?  These inflammatory cytokines have all been reported to elevate as a result of estrogen production in men.   And PSA?  No mention of it here.   This linear, tunnel vision thinking on hormones has got to stop! The study points out that all clients were using AIs and SERMs irregardless of whether they had elevated estrogens or not.  That is not a well designed study.  One group should have had AI's if elevated estrogens were present and another group should not--this would compare the effects of aromatase activity.  Second, this was simply a retrospective chart review.  Third, a 50% conversion of 34,000 + men is very high when you look at the literature.  Fourth, they point to gynecomastia as a means of negative?  The cardiovascular implications are more significant.  These studies just seem to focus on superficial things.  Fifth, did libido problems exist before?  What were the free levels?   This falls in the paucity of data (2 studies) that point to excessive lowering of estradiol effecting libido and sexual performance.

Testosterone increases dopamine signaling.  This study was done on male rats.  No effect was seen with Estradiol.

small cohort with low serum Total Testosterone improved T:E2 ratio with clomid.  Clomid restores the HPA through inhibition of the negative feedback of Estradiol on the Hypothalamus and Pituitary in men.  This allows for an increase in gonadotropin production and thus increase in testosterone production.  Aromatase inhibition therapy would likely still prove beneficial in this situation.

Higher Testosterone and DHT levels in men was found to be positively associated with FEV1 and FVC; Estradiol was not.  The question here is cause or effect.   Also interesting is the fact that smokers had higher Testosterone levels compared to non-smokers.

Estradiol found to be significantly associated with high grad prostate cancer, not Total Testosterone.

Sochastic sensors and pattern recognition proposed to improve levels of Estradiol, Testosterone, and DHT in salivary sampling in young children.  These levels are very low in pre-pubertal children and makes detection by ELIZA difficult.  This proposed mechanism improves hormone detection.

bioavailable Testosterone is inversely associated with increased depressive symptoms.

Just the abstract here.  Declining estradiol production found to be associated with increased cognitive dysfunction or cognitive decline in those using aromatase inhibitor therapy.  Aromatase inhibition therapy is used to block Testosterone to Estradiol production in women with ER+ breast cancer.

Study finds that Testosterone with or with the aromatase inhibitor anastrazole as a pellet reduced breast cancer risk.  This conclusion should be taken with caution.  It is well know that abnormal breast tissue, breast cancer, highly expresses aromatase activity which would increase Testosterone to estradiol production.  This would feed any growing tumor.  But, this study finds protection.  The failure of this study is the measurement of hormone levels.

Study finds decreased ovarian reserve in women 20-29 with metabolic syndrome compared to controls.  They determined this via ovarian volume measurements as FSH, LH, Estradiol, and Progesterone did not differ.   One item of interest was that women with MetS, had significantly higher Testosterone levels compared to controls.  This association of MetS and elevated Testosterone in women has been shown consistently in the literature.  This should bring great questions to the doping of Testosterone in women today.

This is just an abstract due to the publication date.  However, this study, though small, found that elevated estradiol and estrone levels preceded myocardial infarctions in small study group (15).  The surprise was that physical symptoms of slow beard growth, loss of libido, and gynecomastia preceded the events.  Also, the testosterone levels were normal.  Got that: elevated estrogen levels with normal testosterone levels result in significant symptoms.

retrospective cohort finds mild but significant relationships b/t BMI and total Testosterone, Testosterone:Estradiol and Estradiol alone.  BMI was inversely correlated with Testosterone and the T:E2 ratio; but directly correlated with E2 alone. There was also a negative correlation with sperm concentration, motility and morphology.

In men, Testosterone is shown to provide negative feedback on LH; but FSH is primarily regulated by estradiol.

Estradiol found to be associated with elevated CRP and fibrinogen with men.  This association was not found between Testosterone and the same inflammatory markers.  This points to the conversion of Testosterone to estrogen as a contributor to inflammation and CVD in men.

Not surprising, but nice to see in study.  Dr. McTiernan showed that weight loss as little as 5% reduces breast cancer risk.  The reason?  Decreased Testosterone production in women due to insulin resistance and decreased fat for aromatase conversion of Testosterone to Estradiol and decreased androstenedione to estrone.  This study confirms the importance of the obesity epidemic to health.

Great article!!  Nice discussion of the complexity of hormones.  Women on aromatase inhibitors can make estrogen from Testosterone.  This is important with estrogen sensitive cancer as in breast cancer.  This will occur via alternative pathways: Testosterone to DHT via 5 alpha reductase and then DHT to 3 beta androstanediol via 3 beta HSD.  3 beta androstanediol is a male hormone metabolite that binds to estrogen receptors.  The affinity is less than Estradiol, but appears to have a higher affinity for ER beta over ER alpha. 

low T and elevated E2 result in ED in men.  The authors conclude that E2 provides an additive effect on that of low T.  Yet, they fail to realize the previous research that high aromatase activity (Testosterone to Estradiol production) causes the low T.

Balance of Testosterone and Estradiol plays role in prostate disease.   With age in men comes declining Testosterone, yet estrogen productions stay the same to increase.  This significantly alters the estrogen receptors and prostate disease risk.

Declining Testosterone, calculated free Testosterone, Estradiol, and Estrone levels appear to be associated with muscle mass/strength decline in elderly men.  This points to a global decrease in HPA function rather than an individual, specific hormone deficiency.

low Estradiol and high Total Testosterone associated with high risk of ischemic heart disease.  This study looked at endogenous levels in women.  This data as well as others really brings into question the massive prescription Testosterone push in women.