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Nathan Goodyear

International Journal of Obesity - Antiobesity action of peripheral exenatide (exendin-... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...0803284a.html

exanatide Byetta obesity fatty liver weight loss

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • Systemic exenatide reduces body weight gain in normal, high-fat-fed rodents
  • role in metabolic pathways mediating food intake.
  • the first of which to be identified was an enhancement of glucose-dependent insulin secretion
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • limits glucose appearance via glucose-dependent slowing of gastric emptying
  • suppression of inappropriately elevated postprandial glucagon secretion
  • promote pancreatic -cell proliferation and islet cell neogenesis in both animal and in vitro studies
  • short-term regulator of food intake
  • eceptor agonism in satiety
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Apr 11
     
    exanatide helps in obesity and fatty liver treatment
Nathan Goodyear

Curcumin Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Angiogenesis and Obesity in C57... - 0 views

jn.nutrition.org/...919.abstract

curcumin adipogenesis obesity weight loss

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • Dietary polyphenols may suppress growth of adipose tissue through their antiangiogenic activity and by modulating adipocyte metabolism
  • curcumin, the major polyphenol in turmeric spice
  • curcumin suppression of angiogenesis in adipose tissue together with its effect on lipid metabolism in adipocytes may contribute to lower body fat and body weight gain
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Our findings suggest that dietary curcumin may have a potential benefit in preventing obesity
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 11
     
    Curcumin useful in obesity
Nathan Goodyear

The use of LeptiCore® in reducing fat gain and managing weight loss in patien... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2836327

LeptiCore weight loss obesity metabolic syndrome

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 17 Mar 17 - No Cached
ngoclinh91 liked it
  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Mar 17
     
    lepticor aids weight loss.
Nathan Goodyear

An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest : Abstr... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...nature05414.html

gut bacteria dysbiosis microbiota balance obesity overweight metabolic endotoxemia

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jan 13
     
    gut bacteria balance associated with obesity.  The balance of ones gut bacteria plays a significant role in whether a high fat,western diet leads to obesity or not.
Nathan Goodyear

The Ketogenic Diet and Sport: A Possible Marriage? : Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - 0 views

journals.lww.com/..._and_Sport___A_Possible.8.aspx

nutrition diet ketogenic ketogenic diet sports athletes exercise sports medicine

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 16 Nov 16 - No Cached
  • It is important to note that, although the blood level of glucose drops, it still remains at a physiological level (23), which is maintained through gluconeogenesis involving glucogenic amino acids and also glycerol released from triglycerides
  • “physiological ketosis” where KB levels may rise to 7 to 8 mmol L-1 (but without any pH change). In “pathological diabetic ketoacidosis,” on the other hand, ketonemia can exceed 20 mmol L-1 and also cause lowering of blood pH
  • in the initial phase of KD, about 16% of glucose comes from glycerol (released from triglyceride hydrolysis) and the bulk (60–65 g) from proteins via gluconeogenesis (proteins may be of either dietary or endogenous origin
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • the protein supply consumed during a KD “preserves,” as demonstrated, lean body mass
  • The importance of glycerol as a glucose source increases progressively during ketosis; in fact, glycerol passes from supplying 16% of total glucose to an average of 60% after many days (>7 d) of complete fasting (from 38% in lean individual to 79% in the obese).
  • The possible reasons for the effectiveness of KD for weight loss may be listed as follows, in order of evidence, strongest first: Figure 3Image Tools 1. Appetite reduction: protein satiety, effects on appetite-related hormones such as ghrelin, and possibly a sort of direct appetite-blocking effect of KB 2. Reduced lipogenesis and increased fat oxidation 3. A reduction in respiratory quotient may indicate a greater metabolic efficiency in fat oxidation 4. A thermic effect of proteins and increased energy usage by gluconeogenesis
  • all data regarding biochemical and molecular mechanisms suggest that it is very difficult to increase muscle mass during a KD; use of which really should be limited to the few days immediately before competition in bodybuilding.
  • a long-term KD can interfere with some muscle hypertrophy mechanisms and this could be counterproductive if the aim of the athlete is to gain muscle mass
  • Nathan Goodyear on 16 Nov 16
     
    Great read on the ketogenic  and its application to sports/training...
Nathan Goodyear

Diagnosis and treatment of late-onset hypogonadism: Systematic review and meta-analysis... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S1521690X13000481

low T Testosterone men male hormone hormones metabolic syndrome diabestes insulin resistance muscle obesity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14
     
    Testosterone therapy is complex in hypogonadism.  Much of the marketing-based medicine of Low T today is in fact doping.  Increasing weight is clearly associated with a declining T level in men.  Testosterone therapy should be approach individually and therapies that use the one size fits all approach never work.  This is the case whether the use of synthetics or natural hormones are employed.  Testosterone has been shown to improve dysglycemia, MetS, reduce fat and increase muscle mass.  
Nathan Goodyear

Therapy in the Early Stage: Incretins - 0 views

care.diabetesjournals.org/...S264.full

incretins glucose diabetes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Dec 13 - No Cached
  • Increased resistance to insulin action in the skeletal muscle and liver associated with enhanced hepatic glucose output and impaired insulin secretion due to a progressive decline of β-cell function are long-recognized core defects
  • in addition, other mechanisms/organs are involved, augmenting the pathological pathways: adipocytes (altered fat metabolism due to insulin resistance), gastrointestinal tract (incretin deficiency and/or resistance), pancreatic α-cells (hyperglucagonemia and increased hepatic sensitivity to glucagon), kidneys (enhanced glucose reabsorption), and central nervous system (insulin resistance)
  • β-cell failure
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 11 Dec 13
       
      and studies have shown that a reduction in insulin function will decrease LH production and thus lead to a decrease in Testosterone production in men.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Incretins are gut-derived hormones, members of the glucagon superfamily, released in response to nutrient ingestion (mainly glucose and fat)
  • They exert a wide range of effects, including stimulation of pancreatic insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner and play an important role in the local gastrointestinal and whole-body physiology
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Dec 13
     
    good discussion on incretins and their role in glucose homeostasis. 
Nathan Goodyear

Interplay between lipids and branched-chain amino acids in development of insulin resis... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3695706

protein high diet insulin resistance metabolism obesity diabetes fatty acids essential

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Oct 13
     
    High branch chain amino acids can promote insulin resistance.  This study points out that long-term high protein dietary intake can actually have significant deleterious effects and lead to disease.  A high fat diet appears to be required for this effect.
Nathan Goodyear

Revealing Estrogen's Secret Role In Obesity - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...070820145348.htm

estrogen obesity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Jun 11 - No Cached
  • researchers showed how estrogen receptors located in the hypothalamus serve as a master switch to control food intake, energy expenditure and body fat distribution.
  • This research seems to support a link between estrogen and regulation of obesity
  • ventromedial nucleus or VMN, is a key center for energy regulation.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • When estrogen levels in the VMN dipped, the animals' metabolic rate and energy levels also plummeted
  • The findings suggested that the ER-alpha in this region plays an essential role in controlling energy balance, body fat distribution and normal body weight.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Jun 11
     
    estrogen plays role in obesity in menopausal women.
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone deficiency and cardiovascular mortality Morgentaler A, - Asian J Androl - 0 views

www.ajandrology.com/preprintarticle.asp

testosterone low t low Testosterone CVD cardiovascular mortality therapy

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • overall mortality and CV mortality were inversely associated with serum T concentrations.
  • men with low serum T, defined as < 8.7 nmol l−1 (250 ng dl−1 ), demonstrated significantly greater all-cause mortality than men with higher serum T (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.41-3.57), as well as greater CV mortality
  • lower T levels were significantly associated with the presence of any CV disease
  • ...19 more annotations...
  • more than 30 years of studies suggesting that low levels of T represent an increased risk for CV and overall mortality,
  • lower serum T concentrations also are associated with CV disease, including incident coronary artery disease [17],[18],[19] and atherosclerosis,
  • the actual rate of adverse events was only half as great in the T group (123 events in 1223 men at risk = 10.1%) as in the untreated group (1587 events in 7486 men = 21.2%)
  • The study by Vigen et al. [7] has already undergone two published corrections,
  • 29 medical societies have called for retraction of the article, asserting "gross data mismanagement and contamination," that rendered the study "no longer credible
  • Mortality in T-treated men was reduced by approximately half in treated men compared with untreated men, at 10.3% versus 20.7%, respectively
  • The mortality rate for men who received TTh was 3.4 deaths per 100 person-years, and 5.7 deaths per 100 person-years in untreated men
  • HR of 0.61 (95%CI: 0.42-0.88; P = 0.008), indicating a significant reduction in mortality with TTh
  • men in the highest prognostic MI risk quartile, treatment with TTh was associated with reduced risk
  • tripling in T prescriptions in the US over the last decade
  • a majority of observational studies have found that low endogenous serum T levels are associated with increased mortality.
  • Men who received TTh were able to exercise significantly longer without ischemia compared with men who received placebo
  • In men with congestive heart failure, those who received T demonstrated greater walking distance and other functional endpoints compared with those who received placebo
  • TTh has been shown uniformly and repeatedly to improve several known CV risk factors, including reduced fat mass, body fat percent, and waist circumference, and increased lean mass
  • improved glycemic control
  • reductions in insulin resistance.
  • the evidence strongly points to improved CV status with normal serum T or treatment with TTh in men with TD
  • analysis of health insurance claims data that reported a 36% increased rate of nonfatal MI in the 90d following receipt of a T prescription compared with the 12 prior months.
  • Comparison with men who received a prescription for a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) revealed no increased rate of MI following the prescription
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 Dec 14
     
    Great review by Morgentaler of Testosterone and CVD.  He highlights the significant flaws in the JAMA and the NEJM articles of Testosterone therapy risks.  Morgentaler highlights the significant evidence that points to low T and increased risk of CVD. On contention I have, is Morgantaler seems to flip aside the massive uptick of Testosterone use in the US as compared to other countries.  The evidence definitely points to Testosterone therapy as being safe in those with low T, but there is definitely a problem of significant Testosterone doping that is taking place as well.
lion2020

Lose weight faster and easier than ever before - 0 views

Burning fat daily is possible with an increased metabolism! Become a Slimmer, More Sexy You! The best way to lose weight I lost 30 pounds in 30 days - 13 weight loss tips - Lose Weight FAST! The Be...

weight lose loss quick programs losing diet plans program weightloss fast fat plan products how to dieting rapid management control tips

started by lion2020 on 13 May 18 no follow-up yet
Nathan Goodyear

Pathways of adipose tissue androgen metabolism in women: depot differences and modulati... - 0 views

ajpendo.physiology.org/...E244.full

aromatase activity fat abdominal visceral adipose tissue

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 26 Oct 12
     
    aromatase activity is concentrated in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue.
Nathan Goodyear

Role of Gut Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids in Modulating Energy Harvest and Fat... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jc.2016-1797

obesity gut gut flora gut microbiome gut microbiota butyrate firmicutes_bacteroidetes firmicutes bacteroidetes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Sep 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Sep 16
     
    gut bacteria differentiate obese versus non-obese.  Association found b/t firmicutes:bacteroidetes, increased Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria; in addition, acute, propionate, and butyrate (all medium chain fatty acids) were found to be associated with obesity.
Nathan Goodyear

Bioavailable Testosterone and Depressed Mood in Older Men: The Rancho Bernardo Study: T... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jcem.84.2.5495

depression bioavailable Testosterone Testosterone low T low male hormones mood

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jan 17 - No Cached
  • bioavailable testosterone levels decrease much more with age than does total testosterone or estradiol levels
  • The decrease in bioavailable testosterone parallels the increase in sex hormone binding globulin with age, a change that accompanies increasing body fat independent of weight change
  • a graded stepwise decrease in bioavailable testosterone with increasing level of depressed mood
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • This association was independent of age, weight change, and physical activity, the only three significant confounding covariates of the association between sex hormone levels and BDI scores
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jan 17
     
    bioavailable Testosterone is inversely associated with increased depressive symptoms.
Nathan Goodyear

Gut Endotoxin Leading to a Decline IN Gonadal function (GELDING) - a novel theory for t... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4918028

GELDING theory GELDING LPS gut gut health inflammation low T low Testosterone Testosterone hypogonadism obesity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Jun 16 - No Cached
  • GELDING theory (Gut Endotoxin Leading to a Decline IN Gonadal function)
  • trans-mucosal passage of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the gut lumen into the circulation is a key inflammatory trigger underlying male hypogonadism
  • Obesity and a high fat/high calorie diet are both reported to result in changes to gut bacteria and intestinal wall permeability, leading to the passage of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide- LPS) from within the gut lumen into the circulation (metabolic endotoxaemia), where it initiates systemic inflammation.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Endotoxin is known to reduce testosterone production by the testis, both by direct inhibition of Leydig cell steroidogenic pathways and indirectly by reducing pituitary LH drive, thereby also leading to a decline in sperm production.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Jun 16
     
    Ever heard of the GELDING theory?  This involves the link between LPS endotoxin from the gut and low Testosterone in obese men.
Nathan Goodyear

Obesity - Inducible Toll-like Receptor and NF-[kappa]B Regulatory Pathway Expression in... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...oby200825a.html

TLR-4 TLR Toll-like receptors NF-kapppB inflammation obesity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • TLRs are functionally inducible and associated with downstream NF-B activation and proinflammatory cytokine production.
  • TLRs represent a family of receptors that are critical to the innate immune response against foreign pathogens and microorganisms
  • LPS has been shown to induce proinflammatory chemokine gene expression in differentiated human adipocytes through TLR and NF-B action
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Stimulation of TLRs initiates intracellular signaling cascades resulting in downstream NF-B and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and production of proinflammatory chemokines associated with mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular disease progression.
  • Elevated fatty acids levels associated with obesity activate TLR4 signaling in fat cells and macrophages, and induce insulin resistance in murine models
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Jan 12
     
    TLR, especially TLR-4, is directly involved in NF-KappaB activation and release of inflammatory cytokines
Nathan Goodyear

Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I and th... [Horm Res. 2001] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...11786677

HGH growth hormone GH insulin resistance cortisol cortisone obesity adipose tissue adipocytes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • GH deficiency effectively increases cortisol production in key target tissues including liver and adipose tissue, promoting insulin resistance and visceral adiposity
  • GH/IGF-I modulation of cortisol metabolism may underpin the pathogenesis of common diseases such as central obesity
  • Patients with central obesity but with no evidence of hypopituitarism have relative GH deficiency and it is exciting to speculate that low-dose GH treatment in this group, by inhibiting cortisol generation within omental fat, may offer a novel therapeutic approach.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Mar 12
     
    GH plays a key regulating role in obesity.  GH deficiency promotes increased cortisone to cortisol production in adipose tissue and liver.  This promotes insulin resistance and obesity. 
Nathan Goodyear

Transdermal testosterone replacement therapy in men - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3891651

Testosterone replacement transdermal low T male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • a recent study has suggested that it may sometimes be inaccurate because of abnormal fluctuation of other circulating androgens
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 05 Feb 14
       
      The authors are referencing the increase in the suggestions to use other testing techniques i.e. saliva.
  • Testosterone therapy can inhibit hepcidin transcription and is associated with increased iron incorporation into red blood cells and increased erythropoietin concentrations
  • Transdermal TRT has a more favorable adverse effect profile when compared to buccal testosterone formulations
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • Approximately 0.3% of testosterone is converted into estradiol by aromatase (CYP19A1)
  • the recommendation for injectable testosterone esters is to check the serum concentration midway between injections
  • it is recommended for serum testosterone to be evaluated 3 to 12 hours after application of the transdermal patch
  • testosterone concentrations should be checked 2–3 months after initiation of therapy and after adjusting the dose
  • a study from 1989 utilizing testosterone transdermally containing 5, 10, or 15 mg of testosterone showed that peak concentrations of testosterone were achieved 3 to 8 hours after scrotal application in hypogonadal men
  • It is used for many medications and has the advantage of high bioavailability, absence of hepatic first pass metabolism, increased therapeutic efficacy, and steadiness of plasma concentrations of the drug
  • evaluate serum testosterone at the end of the dosing interval for testosterone pellets
  • increased amount of fat leads to increased extragonadal aromatase activity, resulting in increased concentrations of estradiol. High circulating concentrations of estradiol down regulate the HPG axis and decrease the amount of circulating testosterone
  • Up to 80% of plasma estradiol originates from aromatization of testosterone and less than 20% of estradiol in the circulation is secreted by the testes
  • A PSA concentration, digital rectal examination, and hematocrit should be performed at baseline and at 3 months, 6 months, then yearly after TRT is initiated.
  • measure serum testosterone any time after the patient has been on treatment with gel for at least 1 week
  • If the hematocrit rises above 54%, treatment should be discontinued
  • elderly men having higher estradiol serum concentrations than postmenopausal women
Nathan Goodyear

Normal Flora - Medical Microbiology - NCBI Bookshelf - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...NBK7617

flora gut flora gut microbiome gut microbiota

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 May 15 - No Cached
  • Concentrations of 109 to 1011 bacteria/g of contents are frequently found in human colon
  • more than 400 species have been identified
  • 95 to 99 percent belong to anaerobic genera such as Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Clostridium
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • hese genera proliferate, occupy most available niches, and produce metabolic waste products such as acetic, butyric, and lactic acids
  • Anaerobic bacteria can then deconjugate bile acids in this region and bind available vitamin B12 so that the vitamin and fats are malabsorbed
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 May 15
     
    normal flora of the body
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