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Nathan Goodyear

Transdermal testosterone replacement therapy in men - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3891651

Testosterone replacement transdermal low T male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • a recent study has suggested that it may sometimes be inaccurate because of abnormal fluctuation of other circulating androgens
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 05 Feb 14
       
      The authors are referencing the increase in the suggestions to use other testing techniques i.e. saliva.
  • Testosterone therapy can inhibit hepcidin transcription and is associated with increased iron incorporation into red blood cells and increased erythropoietin concentrations
  • Transdermal TRT has a more favorable adverse effect profile when compared to buccal testosterone formulations
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • testosterone concentrations should be checked 2–3 months after initiation of therapy and after adjusting the dose
  • the recommendation for injectable testosterone esters is to check the serum concentration midway between injections
  • it is recommended for serum testosterone to be evaluated 3 to 12 hours after application of the transdermal patch
  • Approximately 0.3% of testosterone is converted into estradiol by aromatase (CYP19A1)
  • a study from 1989 utilizing testosterone transdermally containing 5, 10, or 15 mg of testosterone showed that peak concentrations of testosterone were achieved 3 to 8 hours after scrotal application in hypogonadal men
  • measure serum testosterone any time after the patient has been on treatment with gel for at least 1 week
  • evaluate serum testosterone at the end of the dosing interval for testosterone pellets
  • increased amount of fat leads to increased extragonadal aromatase activity, resulting in increased concentrations of estradiol. High circulating concentrations of estradiol down regulate the HPG axis and decrease the amount of circulating testosterone
  • Up to 80% of plasma estradiol originates from aromatization of testosterone and less than 20% of estradiol in the circulation is secreted by the testes
  • A PSA concentration, digital rectal examination, and hematocrit should be performed at baseline and at 3 months, 6 months, then yearly after TRT is initiated.
  • It is used for many medications and has the advantage of high bioavailability, absence of hepatic first pass metabolism, increased therapeutic efficacy, and steadiness of plasma concentrations of the drug
  • If the hematocrit rises above 54%, treatment should be discontinued
  • elderly men having higher estradiol serum concentrations than postmenopausal women
Nathan Goodyear

Caution on the use of saliva measurements to monitor absorption of progesterone from tr... - 0 views

www.maturitas.org/...abstract

saliva measurements salivary testing hormone progesterone

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 12 Jul 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 12 Jul 11
     
    conclusion incorrect.  blood testing is a poor testing method of transdermal progesterone therapy would be the more accurate conclusion.  Other studies have shown that transdermal progesterone therapy raises progesterone in saliva when blood levels show no change.
Nathan Goodyear

Transdermal delivery of bioidentical proge... [J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2010] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...21486536

saliva salivary progesterone 5alpha reductase transdermal progesterone hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Jul 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Jul 13
     
    Transdermal progesterone levels are quickly transported to saliva.  This quick transport, while serum doesn't equally reflect progesterone, has puzzled many.  Theories have been proposed, yet no answers.   This study looked at whether 5alpha reductase expression in the skin would metabolize the progesterone  and this explain the difference in the two test mediums.  The authors of this study concluded that 5alpha reductase is the not the reason for the difference found in saliva and serum.  the same can be applied to urine as well.
Nathan Goodyear

A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial of Transdermal Dihydrotes... - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...4078.full

transdermal DHT androgen androgens BHRT men male

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Apr 12
     
    3 months of transdermal DHT found to be effective in androgenic effect and safety.
Nathan Goodyear

Effects of Oral and Transdermal Estrogen/Progesterone Regimens on Blood Coagulation and... - 0 views

atvb.ahajournals.org/...3071.short

transdermal bioidentical estrogen progesterone estradiol thromboembolism DVT

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Aug 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Aug 11
     
    transdermal estrogen/progesterone therapy does not increase thrombotic risk
Nathan Goodyear

Differential Effects of Oral and Transdermal Estrogen/Progesterone Regimens on Sensitiv... - 0 views

atvb.ahajournals.org/...1671.short

oral estradiol estrogen transdermal bioidentical DVT thromboembolism

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Aug 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Aug 11
     
    transdermal estradiol does not increase blood clot risk, when compared with oral estradiol
Nathan Goodyear

ScienceDirect - Maturitas : Transdermal estradiol does not impair hemostatic biomarkers... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0378512204001173

DVT thromboembolism transdermal estradiol bioidentical hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Aug 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Aug 11
     
    transdermal estradiol does not increase thrombotic risk
Nathan Goodyear

Transdermal Ketamine as an Adjuvant for Postoperative Analgesia After Abdominal Gynecol... - 1 views

www.anesthesia-analgesia.org/...1479

transdermal ketamine pain surgery

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Oct 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Oct 11
     
    transdermal ketamine useful adjunct in post operative pain
Nathan Goodyear

Targeted Transdermal Delivery of Curcumin for Breast Cancer Prevention - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC6950673

TNF-alpha curcumin transdermal NF-kappaB breast cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jan 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jan 21
     
    Theoretical analysis of the use of transdermal curcumin to target breast cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

Serum Androgen Bioactivity During 5{alpha}-Dihydrotestosterone Treatment in Elderly Men... - 0 views

www.andrologyjournal.org/...919

transdermal DHT dihydrotestosterone androgen androgens elderly men male

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Apr 12
     
    transdermal DHT shown to increase DHT levels and shown to increase  androgenic effects in elderly men.
Nathan Goodyear

The permeability of the human red cell ... [Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...7918566

sex hormones BHRT RBC red blood cells saliva salivary hormone serum transdermal

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Nov 11
     
    sex hormones readily carried on human red blood cells.  Reason transdermal progesterone is picked up in saliva and not serum.  Sex hormones are lipophillic and blood is water soluble.
Nathan Goodyear

Percutaneous administration of progesterone: blood levels an... : Menopause - 1 views

journals.lww.com/...of_progesterone__blood.19.aspx

progesterone serum testing test evaluation transdermal blood levels

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Nov 11
     
    serum evaluation of progesterone is not reliable method of testing following transdermal progesterone
Nathan Goodyear

A randomized, open-label, crossover study ... [Menopause. 2007 Nov-Dec] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...17507833

BHRT HRT estrogen oral transdermal therapy treatment hormones TBG thyroid liver metabolism

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 16 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 16 Nov 11
     
    oral estrogen is a bad choice as it relates to BHRT or HRT for that matter.  Compared to transdermal estrogen, oral estrogen through increasing TBG and slowed liver metabolism results in decreased thyroid hormone production.  
Nathan Goodyear

Ketamine in Chronic Pain Management: An Evidence-Based Review - 0 views

www.anesthesia-analgesia.org/...1730.abstract

transdermal ketamine pain fibromyalgia

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Oct 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Oct 11
     
    transdermal ketamine for chronic pain management
Nathan Goodyear

Transdermal progesterone cream for vasomotor ... [Obstet Gynecol. 1999] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...10432132

progesterone cream BHRT HRT hormone therapy treatment hot flashes hot flash

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Aug 14
     
    Transdermal BHRT in the form of Progesterone found to reduce hot flashes by 83%.
Nathan Goodyear

Fifty-two-week treatment with diet and exercise plus transdermal te... - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...19578132

low t low testosterone Testosterone diabetes metabolic syndrome insulin resistance adkiponectin CRP hsCRP men male hormone hormones diet nutrition exercise HgbA1c

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Mar 15
     
    This article finds that Testosterone transdermal therapy addition to Diet and exercise improved glycemic control and reversed Metabolic Syndrome in men with low T and type II Diabetes.  This article really highlights the proper approach to therapy: combined nutrition, exercise, and Testosterone therapy, when indicated, for men with Metabolic Syndrome and/or Diabetes.  A reduction in IR, adiponectin and hsCRP was observed.
Nathan Goodyear

Randomized clinical trial of testosterone repla... [Int J Androl. 1988] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...3139571

SHBG testosterone

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Dec 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Dec 12
     
    Testosterone by mouth decreases SHBG.  This is in contrast to IM, transdermal routes.
market reports

Drug Delivery Technology Market is worth $224.2 Billion By 2017 - 0 views

www.marketsandmarkets.com/...-technologies-market-1085.html

drug delivery technology market

shared by market reports on 15 May 13 - No Cached
  • market reports on 15 May 13
     
    The drug delivery technology market is segmented on the basis of route of administration into nine categories - oral, pulmonary, transdermal, injectable, ocular, nasal, topical, implantable, and transmucosal
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone: a metabolic hormone in health and disease - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...R25.full

male hormone hormones testosterone hypogonadal-obesity-adipocytokine hypothesis

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 May 13 - No Cached
  • E2 and the inflammatory adipocytokines tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL6) inhibit hypothalamic production of GNRH and subsequent release of LH and FSH from the pituitary
  • Leptin, an adipose-derived hormone with a well-known role in regulation of body weight and food intake, also induces LH release under normal conditions via stimulation of hypothalamic GNRH neurons
  • In human obesity, whereby adipocytes are producing elevated amounts of leptin, the hypothalamic–pituitary axis becomes leptin resistant
  • ...39 more annotations...
  • there is evidence from animal studies that leptin resistance, inflammation and oestrogens inhibit neuronal release of kisspeptin
  • Beyond hypothalamic action, leptin also directly inhibits the stimulatory action of gonadotrophins on the Leydig cells of the testis to decrease testosterone production; therefore, elevated leptin levels in obesity may further diminish androgen status
  • increasing insulin resistance assessed by glucose tolerence test and hypoglycemic clamp was shown to be associated with a decrease in Leydig cell testosterone secretion in men
  • ADT for the treatment of prostatic carcinoma in some large epidemiological studies has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of developing MetS and T2DM
  • Non-diabetic men undergoing androgen ablation show increased occurrence of new-onset diabetes and demonstrate elevated insulin levels and worsening glycaemic control
  • Prostate cancer patients with pre-existing T2DM show a further deterioration of insulin resistance and worsening of diabetic control following ADT
  • The response to testosterone replacement of insulin sensitivity is in part dependent on the androgen receptor (AR)
  • Low levels of testosterone have been associated with an atherogenic lipoprotein profile, characterised by high LDL and triglyceride levels
  • a positive correlation between serum testosterone and HDL has been reported in both healthy and diabetic men
  • up to 70% of the body's insulin sensitivity is accounted for by muscle
  • Testosterone deficiency is associated with a decrease in lean body mass
  • relative muscle mass is inversely associated with insulin resistance and pre-diabetes
  • GLUT4 and IRS1 were up-regulated in cultured adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells following testosterone treatment at low dose and short-time incubations
  • local conversion of testosterone to DHT and activation of AR may be important for glucose uptake
  • inverse correlation between testosterone levels and adverse mitochondrial function
  • orchidectomy of male Wistar rats and associated testosterone deficiency induced increased absorption of glucose from the intestine
  • (Kelley & Mandarino 2000). Frederiksen et al. (2012a) recently demonstrated that testosterone may influence components of metabolic flexibility as 6 months of transdermal testosterone treatment in aging men with low–normal bioavailable testosterone levels increased lipid oxidation and decreased glucose oxidation during the fasting state.
  • Decreased lipid oxidation coupled with diet-induced chronic FA elevation is linked to increased accumulation of myocellular lipid, in particular diacylglycerol and/or ceramide in myocytes
  • In the Chang human adult liver cell line, insulin receptor mRNA expression was significantly increased following exposure to testosterone
  • Testosterone deprivation via castration of male rats led to decreased expression of Glut4 in liver tissue, as well as adipose and muscle
  • oestrogen was found to increase the expression of insulin receptors in insulin-resistant HepG2 human liver cell line
  • FFA decrease hepatic insulin binding and extraction, increase hepatic gluconeogenesis and increase hepatic insulin resistance.
  • Only one, albeit large-scale, population-based cross-sectional study reports an association between low serum testosterone concentrations and hepatic steatosis in men (Völzke et al. 2010)
  • This suggests that testosterone may confer some of its beneficial effects on hepatic lipid metabolism via conversion to E2 and subsequent activation of ERα.
  • hypogonadal men exhibiting a reduced lean body mass and an increased fat mass, abdominal or central obesity
  • visceral adipose tissue was inversely correlated with bioavailable testosterone
  • there was no change in visceral fat mass in aged men with low testosterone levels following 6 months of transdermal TRT, yet subcutaneous fat mass was significantly reduced in both the thigh and the abdominal areas when analysed by MRI (Frederiksen et al. 2012b)
  • ADT of prostate cancer patients increased both visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat in a 12-month prospective observational study (Hamilton et al. 2011)
  • Catecholamines are the major lipolysis regulating hormones in man and regulate adipocyte lipolysis through activation of adenylate cyclase to produce cAMP
  • deficiency of androgen action decreases lipolysis and is primarily responsible for the induction of obesity (Yanase et al. 2008)
  • may be some regional differences in the action of testosterone on subcutaneous and visceral adipose function
  • proinflammatory adipocytokines IL1, IL6 and TNFα are increased in obesity with a downstream effect that stimulates liver production of CRP
  • observational evidence suggests that IL1β, IL6, TNFα and CRP are inversely associated with serum testosterone levels in patients
  • TRT has been reported to significantly reduce these proinflammatory mediators
  • This suggests a role for AR in the metabolic actions of testosterone on fat accumulation and adipose tissue inflammatory response
  • testosterone treatment may have beneficial effects on preventing the pathogenesis of obesity by inhibiting adipogenesis, decreasing triglyceride uptake and storage, increasing lipolysis, influencing lipoprotein content and function and may directly reduce fat mass and increase muscle mass
  • Early interventional studies suggest that TRT in hypogonadal men with T2DM and/or MetS has beneficial effects on lipids, adiposity and parameters of insulin sensitivity and glucose control
  • Evidence that whole-body insulin sensitivity is reduced in testosterone deficiency and increases with testosterone replacement supports a key role of this hormone in glucose and lipid metabolism
  • Impaired insulin sensitivity in these three tissues is characterised by defects in insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity, in particular into skeletal muscle, impaired insulin-mediated inhibition of hepatic glucose production and stimulation of glycogen synthesis in liver, and a reduced ability of insulin to inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 May 13
     
    Great review of the Hypogonadal-obesity-adipocytokine hypothesis.
Nathan Goodyear

Administration route-dependent effects of estrogens on IGF-I levels during fixed GH rep... - 0 views

eje-online.org/...709.long

oral estrogen therapy oral estrogen therapy IGF-1 human growth hormone HGH hormone hormones women

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 13
     
    oral estrogen therapy decreased IGF-1 concentrations in those women taking growth hormone, requiring high dosing of HGH versus that in women using estrogen through a transdermal approach.
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