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Perspectives for metabolomics in testosterone replacement therapy - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...3.full ADS androgen deficiency syndrome low T low Testosterone hormones metabolomics
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Apr 15
     
    androgen deficiency syndrome and metabolomics
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PLOS ONE: Probiotic Microbes Sustain Youthful Serum Testosterone Levels and Testicular ... - 0 views

journals.plos.org/...article hormone hormones low T low Testosterone hypogonadism Testosterone probiotic L reuters probiotics Lactobacillus lactobacillus reuteri male aging
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Studies in both humans and rodents, however, suggest that low testosterone is due to age-related lesions in testes rather than irregular luteinizing hormone metabolism
  • Various dietary factors and diet-induced obesity have been shown to increase the risk for late onset male hypogonadism and low testosterone production in both humans and mice
  • Testosterone deficiency and metabolic diseases such as obesity appear to inter-digitate in complex cause-and-effect relationships
  • ...28 more annotations...
  • dietary supplementation of aged mice with the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri makes them appear to be younger than their matched untreated sibling mice
  • These results indicate that gut microbiota induce modulation of local gastrointestinal immunity resulting in systemic effects on the immune system which activate metabolic pathways that restore tissue homeostasis and overall health
  • all these studies we consistently observed that young and aged mice consuming purified L. reuteri organisms had particularly large testes and a dominant male behavior.
  • The testes of probiotic-fed aged mice were rescued from both seminiferous tubule atrophy and interstitial Leydig cell area reduction typical of the normal aging process. Preservation of testicular architecture despite advanced age or high-fat diet coincided with remarkably high levels of circulating testosterone. The beneficial effects of probiotic consumption were recapitulated by the depletion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-17.
  • feeding of L. reuteri consistently increased the gonadal weights, consumption of a non-pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli) K12 organisms did not affect testicular weight
  • mice with dietary L. reuteri supplements were rescued from diet-induced obesity and had normal body weight and lean physique
  • Despite the comparable numbers of ST profiles, we determined that testes from L. reuteri-treated mice had increased ST cross-sectioned profiles
  • the probiotic organism induced prominent Leydig cell accumulations in the interstitial tissue between the ST's
  • The probiotic-associated increase of interstitial Leydig cell areas was sustained with advancing age at 7 (CD vs CD+LR, P = 0.0025; CD+E.coli vs CD+LR, P = 0.0251) and 12 months
  • mice eating L. reuteri had profoundly increased levels of circulating testosterone regardless of the type of diet they consumed
  • blocking pro-inflammatory Il-17 signaling entirely recapitulates the beneficial effects of probiotics
  • previous studies we found that dietary probiotics counteract obesity [19] and age-related integumentary pathology [18] at least in part by down-regulating systemic pro-inflammatory IL-17A-dependent signaling
  • Testes histomorphometry and serum androgen concentration data were both suggestive of a probiotic-associated up-regulation of spermatogenesis in mice
  • Lactobacillus reuteri we discovered that aging male animals had larger testes compared to their age-matched controls
  • xamined testes of probiotic microbe-fed mice and found that they had less testicular atrophy coinciding with higher levels of circulating testosterone compared to their age-matched controls
  • Similar testicular health benefits were produced using systemic depletion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-17 alone, implicating a chronic inflammatory pathway in hypogonadism
  • One specific aspect of this paradigm is reciprocal activities of pro-inflammatory Th-17 and anti-inflammatory Treg cells
  • Feeding of L. reuteri organisms was previously shown to up-regulate IL-10 levels and reduce levels of IL-17 [19] serving to lower systemic inflammation
  • insufficient levels of IL-10 may increase the risk for autoimmunity, obesity, and other inflammatory disease syndromes
  • Westernized diets are also low in vitamin D, a nutrient that when present normally works together with IL-10 to protect against inflammatory disorders
  • Physiological feedback loops apparently exist between microbes, host hormones, and immunity
  • The hormone testosterone has been shown to act directly through androgen receptors on CD4+ cells to increase IL-10 expression
  • studies in both humans and rodents suggest that hypogonadism is due to age-related lesions in testes rather than irregular LH metabolism
  • We postulate that probiotic gut microbes function symbiotically with their mammalian hosts to impart immune homeostasis to maintain systemic and testicular health [34]–[35] despite suboptimal dietary conditions.
  • Dietary factors and diet-induced obesity were previously shown to increase risk for age-associated male hypogonadism, reduced spermatogenesis, and low testosterone production in both humans and mice [2]–[4], [8]–[11], [14]–[17], phenotypic features that in this study were inhibited by oral probiotic therapy absent milk sugars, extra protein, or vitamin D supplied in yogurt.
  • Similar beneficial effects of probiotic microbes on testosterone levels and sperm indices were reported in male mice that had been simultaneously supplemented with selenium
  • L. reuteri-associated prevention of age- and diet-related testicular atrophy correlates with increased numbers and size of Leydig cells
  • the initial changes of testicular atrophy begin to occur in mice from the age of 6 moths onwards [7] and indicates that the trophic effect of L. reuteri on Leydig cells is a key event which precedes and prevents age-related changes in the testes of mice. This effect is reminiscent of earlier studies describing Leydig cell hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in the mouse and the rat testis that were achievable by the administration of gonadotropins, including human chorionic gonadotropin, FSH and LH
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15
     
    Fascinating study on how the addition of Lactobacillus reuteri increased Testicular size, prevented testicular atrophy, increased serum Testosterone production and protected against diet-induced/obesity-induced hypogonadism.  This was a mouse model
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Sex differences in the gut microbiome drive hormone-dependent regul... - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...23328391 Testosterone gut flora gut microbiota gut bacteria hormone hormones flora microbiota
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 Mar 15
     
    mouse study finds but flora effects Testosterone levels.  This study, available only in abstract form, found that commensal transplant from male to female mice resulted in an increase in Testosterone levels in the female mice.
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Clostridium scindens: a human gut microbe with a high potential to convert glucocortico... - 0 views

www.jlr.org/...2437.full gut microbiota gut microbiome gut bacteria androgens hormones clostridium scindens
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • During the enterohepatic circulation (EC), bile salts are synthesized in the liver, concentrated in the gallbladder, and function in the lumen of the small intestine to absorb dietary lipids and limit microbial growth at the site of nutrient uptake
  • Bile acid 7α/β-dehydroxylating bacteria are organisms capable of converting primary bile acids made by the host to harmful secondary bile acids, deoxycholic acid, and lithocholic acid
  • These bacteria normally comprise a small proportion of the gut microbiota (∼103–104/g wet weight) and consist of species within the genus Clostridium
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • C. scindens and a small number of species belonging to the genus Clostridium are responsible for significant alterations in the human bile acid pool composition through bile acid 7α/β dehydroxylation
  • bile acids play an important role in maintaining intestinal barrier function as antimicrobial agents in the small bowel (37, 38) and inducers of antimicrobial peptides
  • Perturbations in the biliary bile acid pool composition can be indicative of hepatogastrointestinal diseases such as fat malabsorption (40), gallstones (3), gastrointestinal cancers (41), and possibly type II diabetes
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15
     
    Gut microbiota appears to be source of androgen production that originates from the gut.  Who would have thought that the Gut as an androgen producing endocrine gland.
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Endogenous Levels of Circulating Androgens and Risk of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative C... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...25844961 Testosterone hormone hormones IBD Crohn's disease ulcerative colitis women disease
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15
     
    serum Testosterone levels increasing in the normal range were found to be associated with a reduced risk of Crohn's disease in women.   No such relationship was found with ulcerative colitis, with DHEA, or with SHBG.
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Testosterone regulates bone response to inflammation. - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24526374 low Testosterone low T Testosterone inflammation bone
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 15
     
    rat model finds low Testosterone is associated with increase inflammation.
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Diet-induced obesity and low testosterone increase neuroinflammation and impair neural ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4190446 Testosterone neuroinflammation glia insulin resistance obesity diabetes brain CNS PNS inflammation low T low Testosterone TNF-alpha IL-1beta
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • both obesity and low testosterone are also risk factors for neural dysfunction, including cognitive impairment [58–61] and development of AD
  • Levels of obesity and testosterone are often inversely correlated
  • diet-induced obesity causes significant metabolic disturbances and impairs central and peripheral nervous systems.
  • ...23 more annotations...
  • both obesity and low testosterone are linked with promotion of inflammatory pathways [70–72] and exert harmful actions on the central [73–75] and peripheral [29,76] nervous systems
  • In general, obesity-related changes were worsened by low testosterone and improved by testosterone treatment; however, this relationship was not statistically significant in several instances. Further, our data suggest that a common pathway that may contribute to obesity and testosterone effects is regulation of inflammation
  • fasting blood glucose levels were independently and additively increased by GDX-induced testosterone depletion and high-fat diet
  • testosterone treatment significantly reduced fasting glucose under both the normal and high-fat diets, demonstrating potential therapeutic efficacy of testosterone supplementation
  • fasting insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA index), and glucose tolerance, low testosterone tended to exacerbate and or testosterone treatment improved outcomes.
  • testosterone status did not significantly affect body weight
  • testosterone’s effects likely do not indicate an indirect result on adiposity but rather regulatory action(s) on other aspects of metabolic homeostasis
  • Prior work in rodents has shown diet-induced obesity induces insulin resistance in rat brain [63] and that testosterone replacement improves insulin sensitivity in obese rats [64]. Our findings are consistent with the human literature, which indicates that (i) testosterone levels are inversely correlated to insulin resistance and T2D in healthy [30,65] as well as obese men [66], and (ii) androgen therapy can improve some metabolic measures in overweight men with low testosterone
  • it has been shown that TNFα has inhibitory effects on neuron survival, differentiation, and neurite outgrowth
  • Our data demonstrate that low testosterone and obesity independently increased cerebrocortical mRNA levels of both TNFα and IL-1β
  • Testosterone status also affected metabolic and neural measures
  • many beneficial effects of testosterone, including inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine expression
  • neuroprotection [80,81], are dependent upon androgen receptors, the observed effects of testosterone in this study may involve androgen receptor activation
  • testosterone can be converted by the enzyme aromatase into estradiol, which is also known to exert anti-inflammatory [82] and neuroprotective [83] actions
  • glia are the primary sources of proinflammatory molecules in the CNS
  • poorer survival of neurons grown on glia from mice maintained on high-fat diet
  • Since testosterone can affect glial function [86] and improve neuronal growth and survival [87–89], it was unexpected that testosterone status exhibited rather modest effects on neural health indices with the only significant response being an increase in survival in the testosterone-treated, high-fat diet group
  • significantly increased expression of TNFα and IL-1β in glia cultures derived from obese mice
  • testosterone treatment significantly lowered TNFα and IL-1β expression to near basal levels even in obese mice, indicating a protective benefit of testosterone across diet conditions
  • IL-1β treatment has been shown to induce synapse loss and inhibit differentiation of neurons
  • Testosterone status and diet-induced obesity were associated with significant regulation of macrophage infiltration
  • testosterone prevented and/or restored thermal nociception in both diet groups
  • a possible mechanism by which obesity and testosterone levels may affect the health of both CNS and PNS
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 15
     
    Study points to obesity and low Testosterone contribution of neuroinflammation.  No effect of body weight was seen with TRT.  This animal model found similar positive effects of TRT in insulin sensitivity.  Obesity and low T increase inflammatory cytokine production: this study found an increase in TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and TRT reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta to near base-line.  Testosterone is neuroprotective and this study reviewed the small volume of evaded that pointed to benefit from estradiol.  Testosterone's effect on glial survival was positive but not significant.  Obesity and low T were found to be associated with increased macrophage infiltration in the PNS with increased TNF-alpha and IL-1beta.   Testosterone therapy improved peripheral neuropathy via its positive effects on nocicieption.
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Review of health risks of low testosterone and testosterone administration - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4391003 low Testosterone low T Testosterone men male hormone hormones health
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Hypogonadism may be defined either as serum concentration of T (either total T, bioavailable T or free T) or as low T plus symptoms of hypogonadism
  • The Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging reported the incidence of total serum T < 325 ng/dL to be 20% for men in their 60s, 30% for men in their 70s and 50% for men over 80
  • The Massachusetts Aging Male Study reported that 12.3% of men aged 40 to 70 had a total serum T of < 200 ng/dL with 3 or more symptoms of hypogonadism
  • ...19 more annotations...
  • The Boston Area Community Health Study reported that 5.6% of men aged 30 to 70 were hypogonadal, as defined by total serum T < 300 ng/dL; or, free serum T < 5 ng/dL plus 3 or more symptoms of hypogonadism
  • In a health screening project among 819 men in Taiwan, the prevalence of hypogonadism (total serum T < 300 ng/dL) ranged from 16.5% for men in their 40s, 23.0% for men in their 50s, 28.9% for men in their 60s, and 37.2% for men older than 70 years of age
  • The prevalence of hypogonadism among men in Taiwan is higher than the prevalence reported in the Massachusetts Male Aging Study
  • CAG repeat sequence, within the androgen receptor (AR). Rajender et al[12] reviewed over 30 studies on the AR trinucleotide repeat and infertility
  • suggestion that CAG repeat length may determine androgen responsiveness, this issue is not clearly settled
  • reported prevalence of low T in older men range from 5.6% to 50%
  • Those in the hypogonadal group (n = 4269) had direct health care costs, that exceeded the eugonadal group (n = 4269) by an average of $7100 over the course of the observation window
  • higher economic burden and presence of co-morbidities for hypogonadism
  • minor to moderate improvements in lean mass and muscle strength
  • increased bone mineral density
  • modest enhancement in sexual function
  • reduced adiposity
  • lessening of depressive symptoms
  • Meta-analyses of clinical TRT trials as of 2010 have identified three major adverse events resulting from TRT: (1) polycythemia; (2) an increase in prostate-related events; and (3) and a slight reduction in serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
  • polycythemia (> 3.5-fold increase in risk
  • TRT produced a 40% prostate enlargement in older hypogonadal male Veterans over 12 mo
  • no published analysis has reported measurable increases in prostate cancer risk or Gleason score in men undergoing TRT, or in hypogonadal men with a history of prostate cancer undergoing TRT
  • the prostate which highly expresses the type II 5α-reductase enzyme. Inhibition of this enzyme via finasteride (a type II 5α-reductase inhibitor) or dutasteride (a dual type I and II 5α-reductase inhibitor) reduces circulating DHT 50%-75% and > 90%, respectively[47], and reduces prostate mass[48] and prostate cancer risk
  • Normally estradiol partially regulates testosterone levels, at the hypothalamus, blunting LH and FSH release from the pituitary. As a selective estrogen receptor modulator, CC interrupts this pathway, and consequently there is a greater stimulation for the production of testosterone in Leydig cells
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 15
       
      this would only apply if E1 and/or E2 levels were elevated, which the authors make no mention of.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 15
     
    to be read
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Functional voice testing detects early changes in vocal pitch in women during testoster... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...25875779 Testosterone women hormone hormones
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 15
     
    decreased pitch is associated with increased dosage of Testosterone therapy in women.
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Physical activity and all-cause mortality across levels of overall and abdominal adipos... - 0 views

ajcn.nutrition.org/...ajcn.114.100065.abstract physical activity mortality nutrition exercise
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 23 Apr 15
     
    Mortality increased by sedentary lifestyle.  The risk is on par with that of BMI and waist circumference.
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Dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate predict the 5-year risk of coronary heart diseas... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...25443702 heart disease DHEA dehydroepiandrosterone hormone hormones DHEAS DHEA-S men male CHD
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 23 Apr 15
     
    low DHEA and DHEA-S associated with increased risk of Coronary Heart Disease in elderly men.
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Errors in Potassium Measurement: A Laboratory Perspective for the Clinician - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3662091 potassium
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 23 Apr 15
     
    errors in laboratory potassium levels
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Turmeric and Frankincense in Inflammation: An Update | Natural Medicine Journal - 0 views

naturalmedicinejournal.com/...ankincense-inflammation-update curcumin boswellia Frankincense inflammation natural alternative
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 23 Apr 15
     
    2 natural therapies to reduce inflammation, including research to support.  This review by a ND highlights some research about the antiinflammatory effect of curcumin and Boswellia.
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Chronic hepatitis C infection and sex hormone levels: effect of disease severity and re... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...16732861 hepatitis low T low Testosterone liver Hepatitis C HCV Testosterone hormone hormones male man SHBG
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Apr 15
     
    hepatitis associated with a decline in total Testosterone.  This was a positive correlation with worsening hepatitis.  Free Testosterone was not effected.  Interesting, SHBG increased.
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Association Between Viral Hepatitis and Erectile Dysfunction: A Population-Based Case-C... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...4B3F25DEF6C04C3FE9AA4A6.f03t02 low T low Testosterone Testosterone men male hormone hormones ED libido hepatitis Hepatitis C
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Apr 15
     
    Low Testosterone, low libido, and ED associated with prior hepatitis B and hepatitis C.  
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American Journal of Gastroenterology - Abstract of article: Hepatitis-C Patients Have R... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...ajg2007533a.html Hepatitis C hepatitis growth hormone HGH IGF-1 liver disease hormone hormones
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Apr 15
     
    People with chronic hepatitis C have low growth hormone production.  HGH therapy did not increase IGF-1 due to liver disease.
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Acute effects of interferon-alpha administration on testosterone concentrations in heal... - 0 views

www.eje-online.org/...371.short interferon hepatitis Hepatitis C low T low Testosterone Testosterone FAI free Androgen Index men male hormone hormones
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Apr 15
     
    Interferon therapy in men with hepatitis C was found to decrease total Testosterone and Free Androgen index at the level of the gonads; this was independent of the HPA in this study.
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Sexual dysfunction in males with chronic hepatitis C and antiviral therapy: interferon-... - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...345.long hepatitis Hepatitis C HCV interferon low T low testosterone deficiency men male hormone hormones depression
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Apr 15
     
    Study of men with hepatitis C and interferon therapy found decrease in free and total Testosterone levels in men.  The study results suggest a non-HPA effect, which suggests more of a peripheral effect at the level of the TEsticles.
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Fraud and misconduct in clinical research: A concern - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3700330 research fraud
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Apr 15
     
    Fraud in clinical research is wide spread.
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Excessive Sugar Consumption May Be a Difficult Habit to Break: A View From the Brain an... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jc.2014-4353 sugar sucrose brain hippocampus aspartame cortisol saliva salivary hormone hormones
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 15
     
    Only abstract available here, but sugar in the form of sucrose found to lower cortisol.  Increased activity in the hippocampus was evident in the sucrose arm of this study.  Both of these activities will lead to stress induced food addictions--particularly of sugar.  Sugar is highly addictive and should be especially avoided in children.  Of note, this study followed the cortisol levels through saliva.
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