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Nathan Goodyear

Excessive Sugar Consumption May Be a Difficult Habit to Break: A View From the Brain an... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jc.2014-4353

sugar sucrose brain hippocampus aspartame cortisol saliva salivary hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 15
     
    Only abstract available here, but sugar in the form of sucrose found to lower cortisol.  Increased activity in the hippocampus was evident in the sucrose arm of this study.  Both of these activities will lead to stress induced food addictions--particularly of sugar.  Sugar is highly addictive and should be especially avoided in children.  Of note, this study followed the cortisol levels through saliva.
Nathan Goodyear

Endocrine and metabolic effects of consuming bever... [Am J Clin Nutr. 2008] - PubMed r... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...19064538

fructose HCFS sucrose metabolic syndrome triglyceride fat obesity overweight

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Aug 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Aug 11
     
    fructose, HCFS, and sucrose increase triglyceride formation = fat
Nathan Goodyear

Fructose: A Key Factor in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertension - 0 views

www.hindawi.com/...682673

fructose uric acid metabolic syndrome sugar

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • HFCS consists of fructose and glucose mixed in a variety of concentrations, but most commonly as 55% fructose and 45% glucose
  • In the United States, HFCS and sucrose are the major sources of fructose in the diet, and HFCS is a major ingredient in soft drinks, pastries, desserts, and various processed foods
  • fructose and glucose are metabolized in completely different ways and utilize different GLUT transporters
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • In the liver, fructose bypasses the two highly regulated steps of glycolysis, catalyzed by glucokinase/hexokinase and phosphofructokinase both of which are inhibited by increasing concentrations of their byproducts. Instead, fructose enters the pathway at a level that is not regulated and is metabolized to fructose-1-phosphate primarily by fructokinase or ketohexokinase
  • Fructokinase has no negative feedback system, and ATP is used for the phosphorylation process. As a result, continued fructose metabolism results in intracellular phosphate depletion, activation of AMP deaminase, and uric acid generation which is harmful at the cellular level
  • Uric acid, a byproduct of fructose degradation,
  • Uric acid inhibits endothelial NO both in vivo and in vitro, [15] and directly induces adipocyte dysfunction
  • Serum uric acid increases rapidly after ingestion of fructose, resulting in increases as high as 2 mg/dL within 1 hour
  • Uncontrolled fructose metabolism leads to postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, which increases visceral adipose deposition. Visceral adiposity contributes to hepatic triglyceride accumulation, protein kinase C activation, and hepatic insulin resistance by increasing the portal delivery of free fatty acids to the liver
  • Several reviews have concluded that intake of both fructose and HFCS by children and adults was associated with an increased risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome
  • Sucrose is a disaccharide that is comprised of fructose and glucose
  • Figure 2
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Aug 14
     
    great read and review of the role of fructose in metabolic syndrome.
Nathan Goodyear

Fructose decreases physical activity and increases body fat without affecting hippocamp... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...srep09589.html

fructose obesity fat diet nutrition activity physical activity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • the fructose animals gained significantly more weight than the glucose animals
  • The average liver mass of mice in the fructose treatment group was 20% heavier than for mice in the glucose group
  • The fat pads of mice consuming the fructose diet were 69% heavier than the fat pads of animals consuming the glucose diet
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • there are many studies showing that consumption of fructose in comparison to other monosaccharides results in increased de novo lipogenesis, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, BW6, 7 and, most recently, impaired cognitive function
  • in the present study, the intake of fructose by mice was more similar to that of typical human consumption in comparison to previous studies
  • prolonged consumption of diets containing fructose (11 weeks) increased BW and body fat deposition
  • studies in humans confirm that fructose, but not glucose (when provided as 25% of energy requirements), in the context of an energy-balanced diet increases de novo lipogenesis and visceral adiposity along with dyslipidemia, decreases insulin sensitivity10, 12 and decreases in fat oxidation
  • we hypothesize that fructose may reduce voluntary energy expenditure in terms of physical activity.
  • significant reduction (~20%) in physical activity in the fructose-fed animals in comparison to glucose
  • a recent study reported that ingestion of fructose (25% energy intake, 10 weeks) in human volunteers also resulted in reduced energy expenditure in relation to a diet with the same glucose dose
  • There is certainly evidence to suggest that, for example, exercise is able to prevent dyslipidemia in healthy subjects fed a weight-maintenance high-fructose diet (30%)54, which strongly suggests a protective role of physical activity in metabolic regulation.
  • the potential negative effects of fructose in brain and cognitive function have been investigated, with a series of studies showing cognitive deficits in spatial memory and learning in adolescent and adult animals following access to a high fructose diet
  • access to both fructose and sucrose, but not glucose, results in a 40% reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis
  • Collectively these studies seem to suggest that fructose consumption can have a considerable impact on hippocampal function and learning, which is in direct contrast with what we observed.
  • the impact of fructose is apparent only in BW, liver mass and body fat, but not in cognitive measures or rates of neurogenesis
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Aug 15
     
    animal study finds that fructose increased liver mass, abdominal fat and decreased physical activity when compared to glucose.  The study groups were iso caloric, but one group was fed 18% fructose and the other 18% glucose.
Nathan Goodyear

Dopamine-based reward circuitry responsivity, genetics, and overeating. - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...21243471

sugar dopamine receptors overweight obese obesity sucrose

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 26 Mar 15
     
    low dopamine Rc associated appears to increase addiction to sugar and its positive effect on these same receptors (and another that positively interacts with dopamine Rc's) and results in overeating and weight problems.
Nathan Goodyear

A Sucrose-Enriched Diet Promotes Tumorigenesis in Mammary Gland in Part through the 12-... - 0 views

cancerres.aacrjournals.org/...24

nutrition diet sugar cancer breast cancer inflammation

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Feb 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Feb 16
     
    Will there ever be a cure for cancer?  Would it surprise you if I said it already exists? It is called diet.  New study finds that high sugar intake increased breast cancer development and spread through increased 12-lipoxygenase--inflammation.
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