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Nathan Goodyear

HUMAN VIRAL ONCOGENESIS: A CANCER HALLMARKS ANALYSIS - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3992243

EBV Epstein-Barr virus cancer oncovirus HBV HCV HIV HPV

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Dec 17 - No Cached
  • pproximately twelve percent of all human cancers are caused by oncoviruses
  • hepatitis B virus, (HBV) hepatitis C virus (HCV), Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), high-risk Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs), Human T lymphotropic Virus-1 (HTLV-1), HIV and Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV)
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Dec 17
     
    good review of the oncoviruses: EBV, HBV, HCV, HPV, HTLV-1, HIV, and KSHV.  UP to 12% of cancers are caused by oncoviruses
Nathan Goodyear

The effect of long-term supplementation with branched-chain amino acid granules in pati... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...23090049

BCAA amino acids HCV hepatitis hepatitis C liver disease cancer hepatocellular

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 May 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 May 15
     
    BCAA improve overall survival in HCV related liver cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

Effect of silymarin (milk thistle) on liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...22797645

milk thistle hepatitis C hepatitis liver disease HCV

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 May 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 May 15
     
    study finds milk thistle unsuccessful in lower ALT in HCV patients that had failed interferon therapy.  The dosing used in this study was low.
Nathan Goodyear

Oral supplementation with branched-chain amino acid granules prevents hepatocarcinogene... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...23607436

BCAA amino acids liver disease cancer HCV hepatitis C hepatocellular cirrhosis hepatitis

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 May 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 May 15
     
    Study finds 12 g/day BCAA reduced the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in those patients with HCV.
Nathan Goodyear

Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus ... [J Clin Gastroenterol. 2005] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...16082287

IV vitamin C hepatitis IV intravenous vitamin C antioxidant therapy antioxidants

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 25 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 25 Sep 13
     
    Treatment of chronic Hepatitis with antioxidants, particularly IV vitamin C with glutathione, B complex and glycyrrhizin results in normalization of liver enzymes in 44% of patients with elevated enzymes with HCV.
Nathan Goodyear

Clinical significance of therapy using branched-chain amino acid granules in patients w... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...full

hepatitis C hepatitis BCAA amino acids liver disease cancer hepatocellular

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 May 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 May 15
     
    BCAA reduces incidence of hepatocellular cancer in patients with HCV.
Nathan Goodyear

Vitamin B12 supplementation improves rates of sustained viral response in patients chro... - 0 views

gut.bmj.com/...gutjnl-2012-302344

vitamin B12 vitamins hepatitis C HCV

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Aug 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 Aug 12
     
    Vitamin B12 shown to be beneficial adjunct to hepatitis C therapy.
Nathan Goodyear

World J Gastroenterol - 0 views

www.wjgnet.com/...5317.htm

hepatitis IV vitamin C IV intravenous vitamin C glutathione B-complex HCV

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 25 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 25 Sep 13
     
    IV antioxidant mixture of vitamin C, glutathione, glycyrrhiza, and B-complex reduces liver enzymes.  Arm taking only oral shows no decline in liver enzymes.
Nathan Goodyear

Chronic hepatitis C infection and sex hormone levels: effect of disease severity and re... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...16732861

hepatitis low T low Testosterone liver Hepatitis C HCV Testosterone hormone hormones male man SHBG

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Apr 15
     
    hepatitis associated with a decline in total Testosterone.  This was a positive correlation with worsening hepatitis.  Free Testosterone was not effected.  Interesting, SHBG increased.
Nathan Goodyear

Sexual dysfunction in males with chronic hepatitis C and antiviral therapy: interferon-... - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...345.long

hepatitis Hepatitis C HCV interferon low T low testosterone deficiency men male hormone hormones depression

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Apr 15
     
    Study of men with hepatitis C and interferon therapy found decrease in free and total Testosterone levels in men.  The study results suggest a non-HPA effect, which suggests more of a peripheral effect at the level of the TEsticles.
Nathan Goodyear

Acute Hepatitis Treated with High Doses of Vitamin C - 0 views

www.seanet.com/...hio_st_med_j-1960-v56-p821.htm

HCV Hepatitis C hepatitis IV vitamin C vitamin C Intravenous vitamin C vitamin C

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Aug 14 - Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 26 Aug 14
     
    Old case study of IV vitamin C, not high dose, used to treat acute case of hepatitis C.
Nathan Goodyear

Long term administration of a licorice extract in the treatment of - 0 views

www.greenmedinfo.com/...patitis-c-effective-preventi-0

licorice licorice root extract liver enzymes liver cirrhosis liver Hepatitis C HCV hepatitis

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Sep 14
     
    Licorice root extract shown to significantly reduce liver enzymes in those with chronic hepatitis C and to prevent progression to liver cirrhosis.  
Nathan Goodyear

How is the Immune System Suppressed by Cancer - 1 views

www.cancertutor.com/ancer-suppresses-immune-system

iNOS cancer immune system

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 May 18 - No Cached
  • nitric oxide (NO) released by tumor cells
  • Excellent work by Prof de Groot of Essen, indicated by adding exogenous xanthine oxidase ( XO) in hepatoma cells, hydrogen peroxide was produced to destroy the hepatoma cells
  • NO from eNOS in cancer cells can travel through membranes and over long distances in the body
  • ...43 more annotations...
  • NO also is co linked to VEGF which in turn increases the antiapoptotic gene bcl-2
  • The other important influence of NO is in its inhibition of the proapoptoic caspases cascade. This in turn protects the cells from intracellular preprogrammed death.
  • nitric oxide in immune suppression in relation to oxygen radicals is its inhibitory effect on the binding of leukocytes (PMN) at the endothelial surface
  • Inhibition of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS)
  • NO from the tumor cells actually suppresses the iNOS, and in addition it reduces oxygen radicals to stop the formation of peroxynitrite in these cells. But NO is not the only inhibitor of iNOS in cancer.
  • Spermine and spermidine, from the rate limiting enzyme for DNA synthases, ODC, also inhibit iNOS
  • tolerance in the immune system that decreases the immune response to antigens on the tumors
  • Freund’s adjuvant
  • increase in kinases in these cells which phosphorylate serine, and tyrosine
  • responsible for activation of many growth factors and enzymes
  • phosphorylated amino acids suppress iNOS activity
  • Hexokinase II
  • Prostaglandin E2, released from tumor cells is also an inhibitor of iNOS, as well as suppressing the immune system
  • Th-1 subset of T-cells. These cells are responsible for anti-viral and anti-cancer activities, via their cytokine production including Interleukin-2, (IL-2), and Interleukin-12 which stimulates T-killer cell replication and further activation and release of tumor fighting cytokines.
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 23 May 18
       
      Th1 cells stimulate NK and other tumor fighting macrophages via IL-2 and IL-12; In contrast, Th2, which is stimulated in allergies and parasitic infections, produce IL-4 and IL-10.  IL-4 and IL-10 inhibit TH-1 activation and the histamine released from mast cell degranulation upregulates T suppressor cells to further immune suppression.
  • Th-2 subset of lymphocytes, on the other hand are activated in allergies and parasitic infections to release Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-10
  • These have respectively inhibitory effects on iNOS and lymphocyte Th-1 activation
  • Mast cells contain histamine which when released increases the T suppressor cells, to lower the immune system and also acts directly on many tumor Histamine receptors to stimulate tumor growth
  • Tumor cells release IL-10, and this is thought to be one of the important areas of Th-1 suppression in cancer patients
  • IL-10 is also increased in cancer causing viral diseases such as HIV, HBV, HCV, and EBV
  • IL-10 is also a central regulator of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin production in tumor cells stimulating their angiogenesis and NO production
  • nitric oxide in tumor cells even prevents the activation of caspases responsible for apoptosis
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 23 May 18
       
      NO produced by cancer cells inhibits proapoptotic pathways such as the caspases.
  • early stages of carcinogenesis, which we call tumor promotion, one needs a strong immune system, and fewer oxygen radicals to prevent mutations but still enough to destroy the tumor cells should they develop
  • later stages of cancer development, the oxygen radicals are decreased around the tumors and in the tumor cells themselves, and the entire cancer fighting Th-1 cell replication and movement are suppressed. The results are a decrease in direct toxicity and apoptosis, which is prevented by NO, a suppression of the macrophage and leukocyte toxicity and finally, a suppression of the T-cell induced tumor toxicity
  • cGMP is increased by NO
  • NO in cancer is its ability to increase platelet-tumor cell aggregates, which enhances metastases
  • the greater the malignancies and the greater the metastatic potential of these tumors
  • The greater the NO production in many types of tumors,
  • gynecological
  • elevated lactic acid which neutralizes the toxicity and activity of Lymphocyte immune response and mobility
  • The lactic acid is also feeding fungi around tumors and that leads to elevated histamine which increases T-suppressor cells.  Histamine alone stimulates many tumor cells.
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 23 May 18
       
      The warburg effect in cancer cells results in the increase in local lactic acid production which suppresses lymphocyte activity and toxicity as well as stimulates histamine production with further stimulates tumor cell growth.
  • T-regulatory cells (formerly,T suppressor cells) down regulate the activity of Natural killer cells
  • last but not least, the Lactic acid from tumor cells and acidic diets shifts the lymphocyte activity to reduce its efficacy against cancer cells and pathogens in addition to altering the bacteria of the intestinal tract.
  • intestinal tract bacteria in cancer cells release sterols that suppress the immune system and down regulate anticancer activity from lymphocytes.
  • In addition to the lactic acid, adenosine is also released from tumors. Through IL-10, adenosine and other molecules secreted by regulatory T cells, the CD8+ cells can be inactivated to an anergic state
  • Adenosine up regulates the PD1 receptor in T-1 Lymphocytes and inhibits their activity
  • Adenosine is a purine nucleoside found within the interstitial fluid of solid tumors at concentrations that are able to inhibit cell-mediated immune responses to tumor cells
  • Adenosine appears to up-regulate the PD1 receptor in T-1 Lymphocytes and inhibits the immune system further
  • Mast cells with their release of histamine lower the immune system and also stimulate tumor growth and activate the metalloproteinases involved in angiogenesis and metastases
  • COX 2 inhibitors or all trans-retinoic acid
  • Cimetidine, an antihistamine has been actually shown to increase in apoptosis in MDSC via a separate mechanism than the antihistamine effect
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 23 May 18
       
      cimetidine is an H2 blocker
  • interleukin-8 (IL-8), a chemokine related to invasion and angiogenesis
  • In vitro analyses revealed a striking induction of IL-8 expression in CAFs and LFs by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)
  • these data raise the possibility that the majority of CAFs in CLM originate from resident LFs. TNF-alpha-induced up-regulation of IL-8 via nuclear factor-kappaB in CAFs is an inflammatory pathway, potentially permissive for cancer invasion that may represent a novel therapeutic target
  • Nathan Goodyear on 23 May 18
     
    Great review of the immunosuppression in cancer driven by the likes of NO.
Nathan Goodyear

Substantial contribution of extrinsic risk factors to cancer development - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4836858

cancer lifestyle

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Jan 18 - No Cached
  • Here we provide evidence that intrinsic risk factors contribute only modestly (<10~30%) to cancer development
  • we conclude that cancer risk is heavily influenced by extrinsic factors. These results carry immense consequences for strategizing cancer prevention
  • cancers are proposed to originate from the malignant transformation of normal tissue progenitor and stem cells
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • “Intrinsic processes” include those that result in mutations due to random errors in DNA replication whereas “extrinsic factors” are environmental factors that affect mutagenesis rates (such as UV radiation, ionizing radiation, and carcinogens
  • intrinsic factors do not play a major causal role.
  • intrinsic cancer risk should be determined by the cancer incidence for those cancers with the least risk in the entire group controlling for total stem cell divisions
  • if one or more cancers would feature a much higher cancer incidence, for example, lung cancer among smokers vs. non-smokers, then this most likely reflects additional (and probably extrinsic) risk factors (smoking in this case)
  • Particularly, for breast and prostate cancers, it has long been observed that large international geographical variations exist in their incidences (5-fold for breast cancer, 25-fold for prostate cancer)14, and immigrants moving from countries with lower cancer incidence to countries with higher cancer rates soon acquire the higher risk of their new country
  • Colorectal cancer is another high-incidence cancer that is widely considered to be an environmental disease17, with an estimated 75% or more colorectal cancer risk attributable to diet
  • melanoma, its risk ascribed to sun exposure is around 65–86%
  • non-melanoma basal and squamous skin cancers, ~90% is attributable to UV
  • 75% of esophageal cancer, or head and neck cancer are caused by tobacco and alcohol
  • HPV may cause ~90% cases in cervical cancer23, ~90% cases in anal cancer24, and ~70% in oropharyngeal cancer
  • HBV and HCV may account for ~80% cases of hepatocellular carcinoma
  • H pylori may be responsible for 65–80% of gastric cancer
  • While a few cancers have relatively large proportions of intrinsic mutations (>50%), the majority of cancers have large proportions of extrinsic mutations, for example, ~100% for Myeloma, Lung and Thyroid cancers and ~80–90% for Bladder, Colorectal and Uterine cancers, indicating substantial contributions of carcinogen exposures in the development of most cancers
  • onsistent estimate of contribution of extrinsic factors of >70–90% in most common cancer types. This concordance lends significant credibility to the overall conclusion on the role of extrinsic factors in cancer development
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Jan 18
     
    Really great read.  Cancer is a majority lifestyle disease.
Nathan Goodyear

Increased serum reverse triiodothyronine levels at diagnosis of hepatocellula... - 0 views

www.deepdyve.com/...els-at-diagnosis-of-cpaqYxUZKS

rT3 non-thyroidal illness syndrome hepatocellular carcinoma hepatitis C cancer hepatocellular cancer cirrhosis euthyroid sick syndrome

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Mar 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Mar 21
     
    Elevated rT3 as a part of non-thyroid all illness syndrome
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