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Plasma Adiponectin in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Is Related to Hepatic Insulin Resistance... - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...3498.short NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver fatty liver insulin resistance fat IR obesity weight-loss
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jan 12
     
    in those with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, low adiponectin is associated with the insulin resistance, not the NAFLD.  But of course, insulin resistance leads to NAFLD
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Low early morning plasma cortisol in posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with c... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0306453009002509 PTSD low cortisol stress disorder depression
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Feb 12
     
    Low cortisol found in those with PTSD.  This study suggest the high ACTH/cortisol ratio is not due to enhanced peripheral sensitization to glucocorticoids.
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Weight gain decreases elevated plasma ghrelin concentrations of patients with anorexia ... - 0 views

www.eje-online.org/...669.short ghrelin resistance anorexia nervosa weight
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Nov 11
     
    ghrelin resistance?  that is one suggested pathophysiologic mechanism in people with anorexia nervosa
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Decreased Rate of Coronary Restenosis after Lowering of Plasma Homocysteine Levels - NEJM - 0 views

www.nejm.org/...NEJMoa011364 homocysteine vitamin B12 B6 folic acid folate coronary angioplasty
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 25 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 25 Jul 12
     
    lowering homocysteine reduced the rate of coronary restenosis.  A combination of folic acid, Vitamin B12, and Vitamin B6 were used to lower homocysteine.
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JAMA Network | Archives of Internal Medicine | Plasma Total Homocysteine Level and Bone... - 0 views

archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx homocysteine folate folic acid folic acid BMD women bone mineral osteoporosis density
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 23 Jul 12
     
    elevated homocysteine and low folic acid levels associated with decreasing BMD in women.
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Effects of supplementation with fish oil-derived n−3 fatty acids and γ-linole... - 0 views

www.ajcn.org/37.full Omega-3 n-3 GLA fish oil cholesterol LDL fatty acids fish oil
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 23 Jul 12
     
    mixture of omega-3 and GLA shown to statistically lower LDL.  The mixture that was statistically significant was 4:2.
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Plasma total homocysteine and cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality: the Horda... - 0 views

ajcn.nutrition.org/...130.full homocysteine cardiovascular mortality CVD
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 23 Jul 12
     
    conclusion says it all: "homocysteine is a strong predictor of both cardiovascular and non cardiovascular mortality..."
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Obesity - Relationship of Plasma Adiponectin With Sex Hormone and Insulin-like Growth F... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...oby2007263a.html adiponectin estrogen insulin resistance IR
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 Mar 12
     
    adiponectin inversely associated with estrogen levels.  
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Depletion of plasma antioxidants in surgical intensive care unit patients requiring par... - 0 views

www.nutritionjrnl.com/...abstract antioxidant antioxidants vitamin C glutathione E Zinc nutrition
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Feb 12
     
    Critically ill patients found to be depleted in glutathione, vitamin C, Zinc, and too a lesser extent: vitamin E.  The obvious treatment would be to replace those identified deficiencies
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A Preprandial Rise in Plasma Ghrelin Levels Suggests a Role in Meal Initiation in Humans - 0 views

diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/...1714.short ghrelin appetite weight overweight obesity
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Nov 11
     
    pre-meal rise in ghrelin increases appetite and plays role in positive energy balance.
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Lymphocyte oxidative DNA damage and plasma antioxidants in Alzheimer Disease - 0 views

www.lycoredindia.com/...TI_18.pdf oxidative damage oxidative stress 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine free radicals Alzheimer's Alzheimer's disease neurology brain
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jun 12
     
    This study found an inverse association between elevated 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and low antioxidants in individuals with Alzheimer's disease.
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Olive oil consumption, plasma oleic acid, and stroke incidence - 0 views

www.neurology.org/...WNL.0b013e318220abeb.abstract olive oil oleic acid stroke
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jun 12
     
    Individuals with olive oil intake have lower risk of stroke.  41% and 73% lower!
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High normal plasma triglycerides are associated with preserved cognitive function in Ch... - 1 views

ageing.oxfordjournals.org/...ageing.afs033.abstract triglyceride triglycerides cognitive function lipids neurology
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Jun 12
     
    Higher triglyceride levels associated with better cognitive function versus those with lower triglyceride levels in an elderly chinese population.
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Plasma lipoproteins are important components of the immune system - Han - 2010 - Microb... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...full lipoproteins LPS inflammation innate immunity VLDL LDL Lp(a) HDL cholesterol microbiology immunology
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Sep 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 26 Sep 12
     
    Is all cholesterol bad?  Of course not.  We have got to get away from the linear thinking that plagues medicine.  This article proposes and supports  a protective claim of lipoproteins: VLDL, LDL, Lp(a), and HDL.  Even shown to protect against bacterial, viral, LPS, and parasitic infectious damage.
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Progesterone metabolites regulate induction, growth, and suppression of estrogen- and p... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3706910 progesterone metabolites metabolite 5-alpha pregnene 5-alpha pregnenes 5alpha-dihydroprogesterone 4-pregnene 4-pregnenes 3alpha-dihydroprogesterone breast cancer ER PR hormone hormones receptors estrogen
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • in vitro studies had shown that the progesterone metabolites, 5α-dihydroprogesterone (5αP) and 3α-dihydroprogesterone (3αHP), respectively, exhibit procancer and anticancer effects on receptor-negative human breast cell lines
  • Onset and growth of ER/PR-negative human breast cell tumors were significantly stimulated by 5αP and inhibited by 3αHP
  • When both hormones were applied simultaneously, the stimulatory effects of 5αP were abrogated by the inhibitory effects of 3αHP and vice versa
  • ...31 more annotations...
  • Treatment with 3αHP subsequent to 5αP-induced tumor initiation resulted in suppression of further tumorigenesis and regression of existing tumors
  • Tumorigenesis of ER/PR-negative breast cells is significantly enhanced by 5αP and suppressed by 3αHP, the outcome depending on the relative concentrations of these two hormones in the microenvironment in the breast regions
  • The findings show that the production of 5αP greatly exceeds that of 3αHP in ER/PR-negative tumors and that treatment with 3αHP can effectively block tumorigenesis and cause existing tumors to regress
  • hypothesis that a high 3αHP-to-5αP concentration ratio in the microenvironment may foster normalcy in noncancerous breast regions.
  • a large proportion (about 30% to 60%) of breast tumors are ER and/or PR negative
  • about 90% of normal proliferating breast epithelial cells are receptor negative
  • Our previous in vitro studies had shown that breast tissues and cell lines readily convert progesterone to 5α-pregnanes, such as 5αP, and delta-4-pregnenes, such as 3αHP (Figure ​(Figure1),1), and that tumorous breast tissues [15] and tumorigenic breast cell lines [16] produce higher levels of 5αP and lower levels of 3αHP than do normal breast tissues and nontumorigenic cell lines
  • The progesterone metabolism studies suggested that increases in 5αP and decreases in 3αHP production accompany the shift toward breast cell neoplasia and tumorigenicity
  • In vitro studies on five different human breast cell lines showed that cell proliferation and detachment are significantly increased by 5αP and decreased by 3αHP
  • the prevailing theory of hormonal regulation of breast cancer, as well as hormone-based therapies, revolves around estrogen and/or progesterone and ER/PR-positive breast cells and tumors.
  • Not only do these "receptor-negative" breast cancers fail to benefit from current hormonal therapies, but they also generally exhibit more-aggressive biologic behaviors and poorer prognosis than the receptor-positive ones
  • The results of the studies reported here show for the first time that the progesterone metabolites, 5αP and 3αHP, act as hormones that regulate ER/PR-negative breast tumor formation, growth, and regression
  • The onset of the ER/PR-negative human breast cell tumors in mice was considerably accelerated, and the growth significantly stimulated, by just one or two applications of 5αP
  • In contrast, 3αHP retarded onset of tumor formation, suppressed tumor growth, and inhibited or regressed existing 5αP-induced tumors
  • When both hormones were administered simultaneously, the effects of one were abrogated by the effects of the other.
  • The 5αPR and 3αHPR (which are associated with the plasma membranes of both ER/PR-positive [19] and ER/PR-negative [29] cells) are distinct from each other and from known ER, PR, androgen, and corticosteroid receptors, and lack affinity for other steroids, such as progesterone, estrogen, androgens, corticosteroids, and other progesterone metabolites
  • Levels of 5αPR are upregulated by 5αP itself and estradiol, and downregulated by 3αHP in both ER/PR-positive and -negative cells
  • ndications are that 5αP acts via the surface receptor-linked mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK; Erk1/2) pathway; 5αP significantly stimulates activation of Erk1/2 [30], increases the Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio [18] and actin depolymerization [31], and decreases expression of actin and adhesion plaque-associated vinculin [31], resulting in decreased apoptosis and increased mitosis and cell detachment
  • 3αHP appears to suppress protein kinase C (PKC), phospholipase C (PLC), Ca2+ mobilization (unpublished observations), and the Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio [18], and increases expression of the cell-cycle inhibitor p21 [18], resulting in increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation and detachment of breast cell lines.
  • serum from mice with tumors had significantly more 5αP than 3αHP
  • the tumors, which on average had about threefold higher concentrations of 5αP than the respective sera, and >10-fold higher 5αP than 3αHP levels
  • Previous in vitro metabolism studies showed that human breast tumor tissues convert significantly more progesterone to 5α-pregnanes like 5αP and less to 4-pregnenes like 3αHP than do paired normal (nontumorous) tissues
  • Similar differences in progesterone metabolism and enzyme gene expressions were observed between tumorigenic and nontumorigenic breast cell lines
  • breast carcinomas are able to synthesize progesterone
  • The current findings, along with the previous in vitro studies, suggest that the relative concentrations of 5αP and 3αHP in the breast microenvironment constitute important autocrine/paracrine determinants not only for tumorigenesis but also for potential regression of tumors and the maintenance of normalcy of ER/PR-negative breast cells/tissues.
  • Evidence presented here shows that a high concentration of 5αP, relative to 3αHP in the microenvironment, promotes initiation and growth of tumors, whereas a higher concentration of 3αHP, relative to 5αP, suppresses tumorigenesis and promotes normalcy
  • 5α-reductase and 5αPR levels are upregulated by 5αP
  • in the 3αHP-treated mice, the elevated 3αHP levels, relative to 5αP, in the microenvironment could have opposed progression to xenograft neoplasia by its inherent anticancer actions and the suppression of 5αP synthesis and 5αPR expression
  • the opposing actions of the progesterone metabolites also appear to exert some control over the estrogen-regulated effects on breast cancer by their ability to modulate ER numbers in ER-positive cells
  • because both ER/PR-negative and ER/PR-positive, as well as normal and tumorigenic human breast cell lines, have been shown to respond to 5αP and 3αHP in vitro, it is suggested that these endogenously produced progesterone metabolites may also play regulatory hormonal roles in ER/PR-positive breast cancers, as well as in the maintenance of normalcy in nontumorous breast tissues.
  • The in vivo data provide further evidence that progesterone metabolites, such as 5αP and 3αHP, deserve to be considered as active hormones in their own right, rather than inactive waste products
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Jan 14
     
    Progesterone metabolites and breast cancer
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In older men an optimal plasma testo... [J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24257908 Testosterone DHT cardiovascular disease heart men estradiol E2 dihydrotestosterone male hormone hormones
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Feb 14
     
    Study finds that "midrange" Testosterone and DHT associated with a reduced ischemic heart disease and death rate.  No association was found with Estradiol.  One flaw of this study is in their use of serum.
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Endogenous sex hormones and C-reactive protein in healthy postmenopausal wome... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...full CRP women hormone hormones postmenopause menopause estradiol estrone estrogen Testosterone free androgen index
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 25 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • sex hormones such as E1, E2, FEI, T and FAI were also strongly positively associated with age-adjusted CRP levels whereas SHBG showed a strong negative association
  • An intriguing aspect is the observation that higher plasma concentrations of both oestrogenic and androgenic components were related to increased CRP
  • Nathan Goodyear on 25 Feb 14
     
    Study finds that lower SHBG, higher Estradiol, Estrone, Testosterone levels, and free androgen index is associated with increased CRP in "healthy" postmenopausal women.
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Plasma testosterone in the general population, cancer prognosis and cancer risk: a pros... - 0 views

annonc.oxfordjournals.org/...712.abstract cancer total testosterone mortality hormone hormones
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Mar 14
     
    Interesting prospective study on Total Testosterone.  If cancer is diagnosed, mortality is higher when TT is higher.  No change on incidence of cancer.  This study looked at men and women.  
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Testosterone deficiency syndrome and cardiovascular health: An assessment of beliefs, k... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3929476 low T Testosterone cardiovascular disease physicians men male hormone hormones
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • The vast majority (88%) did not screen cardiac patients for TDS.
  • Testosterone deficiency has a prevalence of 7% in the general population, rising to 20% in elderly males
  • Males with CAD have lower testosterone levels than those with normal coronary angiograms of the same age,5 suggesting that the prevalence of testosterone deficiency is much higher in the CAD population
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • Men with hypertension, another established risk factor for CAD, have lower testosterone compared to normotensive men
  • Recent meta-analyses showed that testosterone levels are generally lower among patients with metabolic syndrome, regardless of the various definitions of metabolic syndrome that are used
  • Testosterone (total and bioavailable) and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) are inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in men between the ages of 40 and 80, and this association persists across racial and ethnic backgrounds
  • ower levels of testosterone and SHBG predict a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome.
  • Low testosterone levels have been related to increased insulin resistance and cardiovascular mortality,12 even in the absence of overt type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • testosterone levels (total and bioavailable) in middle-aged men are inversely correlated with insulin resistance
  • The Massachusetts Male Aging Study (MMAS) demonstrated that low levels of testosterone and SHBG are independent risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes,
  • Andropausal men (age 58 ± 7 years) have a higher maximal carotid artery intima-media thickness
  • There is an inverse linear correlation between body mass index (BMI) and wait-to-hip ratio with testosterone and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels.
  • Testosterone supplementation for 1 year in hypogonadal men has been shown to cause a significant improvement in body weight, BMI, waist size, lipid profile, and C-reactive protein levels
  • TRT for 3 months in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes significantly improved fasting insulin sensitivity, fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin.
  • Testosterone replacement can improve angina symptoms and delay the onset of cardiac ischemia, likely through a coronary vasodilator mechanism
  • ADT is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality.
  • ADT significantly increases fat mass, decreases lean body mass,29,30 increases fasting plasma insulin and decreases insulin sensitivity31 and increases serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Mar 14
     
    Startling study on the knowledge of Testosterone and cardiovascular disease in general practitioners and cardiologists in Canada.  Eight-eight percent did not screen patients with cardiovascular disease for low Testosterone.  A whopping 67% of physicians did not know that low T was a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet 62% believed Testosterone would increase exercise tolerance. The lack of knowledge displayed by physicians today is staggering and is an indictment of the governing bodies.  This was a survey conducted in Canada so there are obvious limitations to the strength/conclusion of this study.
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Association between plasma total tes... [J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...9024276 low T Testosterone BMI blood pressure hypertension glucose triglycerides cholesterol LDL men male hormone hormones cardiovascular disease
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Mar 14
     
    low Total Testosterone associated with increased BMI, systolic blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL apolipoprotien B and A1. Low Testosterone is associated with increased cardiovascular disease.  Men at risk for cardiovascular disease must be evaluated for hormones.
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