Conjugated linoleic acid promotes human adipocyte insulin resistance through NFkappaB-dependent cytokine production.
Chung S, Brown JM, Provo JN, Hopkins R, McIntosh MK.
J Biol Chem. 2005 Nov 18;280(46):38445-56. Epub 2005 Sep 9.
PMID: 16155293
doi: 10.1074/jbc.M508159200
Collectively, these data demonstrate for the first time that trans-10, cis-12 CLA promotes NFkappaB activation and subsequent induction of IL-6, which are at least in part responsible for trans-10, cis-12 CLA-mediated suppression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma target gene expression and insulin sensitivity in mature human adipocytes.
In summary, our in vitro data demonstrate that a physiological level of trans-10, cis-12 CLA activates NFκB- and ERK1/2-dependent cytokine production, which together suppress PPARγ and Glut4 levels and lead to impaired glucose uptake. Studies are currently under way examining 1) how CLA regulates PPARγ and the expression of its target genes, 2) the specific signaling role of SV cells and adipocytes in mediating the TG-lowering actions of CLA, and 3) the CLA-induced, upstream signal that activates NFκB and ERK1/2.
Dietary cod protein reduces plasma C-reactive protein in insulin-resistant men and women.
Ouellet V, Weisnagel SJ, Marois J, Bergeron J, Julien P, Gougeon R, Tchernof A, Holub BJ, Jacques H.
J Nutr. 2008 Dec;138(12):2386-91.
PMID: 19022962
Therefore, these results show that CP can lower hsCRP, a marker of inflammation associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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A lot of people have questions rega
"Women from India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka with insulin resistance showed marked improvement after taking vitamin D supplements, says a study.
Von Hurst, nutrition lecturer at the Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health at Albany, conducted the study for her doctoral thesis.
Insulin resistance is largely symptom-free and sufferers are unaware of their condition. 'Once it has fully developed into type-2 diabetes, it can be treated, but not cured,' says Von Hurst.
Von Hurst says that while diet and exercise play a major part in the onset of type-2 diabetes, her findings reinforce the importance of vitamin D from the sun and supplements to prevent type-2 diabetes. She also found evidence of vitamin D increasing bone strength in older women.
"
Metabolic and physiologic improvements from consuming a paleolithic, hunter-gatherer type diet.
Frassetto LA, Schloetter M, Mietus-Synder M, Morris RC Jr, Sebastian A.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Aug;63(8):947-55. Epub 2009 Feb 11.
PMID: 19209185
doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.4
Conclusions: Even short-term consumption of a paleolithic type diet improves BP and glucose tolerance, decreases insulin secretion, increases insulin sensitivity and improves lipid profiles without weight loss in healthy sedentary humans.
"I like palmitic acid. It causes insulin resistance. Thank goodness.
Ted sent me this link. It's depressing.
I'm going to discuss a thought drug. I'm going to call it Palmitofake, and it can be developed by Pfizer, no, Fort Dodge. I particularly dislike FD for anaesthesia related reasons.
So what does Palmitofake do? BTW, if you didn't need any other hint you can tell this drug is going to bomb as there is neither an x, y or z in its name. Trust FD to screw up (in my mind).
Palmitofake is a fluoride substituted analogue of palmitic acid which irreversibly binds to the acyl-CoA interaction site of JNK1 and so inhibits the pathway by which palmitic acid keeps GLUT4 transporters off of the cell surface membrane, whole body-wide.
The logic to this is that the lipotoxin, palmitic acid (nature's second biggest mistake, the biggest was obviously cholesterol) can no longer keep glucose out of cells and metabolism can run, unimpaired by fat, for ever on glucose. Woo hoo bring on the glucose."
"In an article published in the December 29, 2005, issue of the journal
Cell, the researchers report that knocking out a single gene encoding
the enzyme GnT-4a glycosyltransferase (GnT-4a ) disrupts insulin
production. Importantly, the scientists showed that a high-fat diet
suppresses the activity of GnT-4a and leads to type 2 diabetes due to
failure of the pancreatic beta cells.
"We have discovered a mechanistic explanation for beta cell failure
in response to a high-fat diet and obesity, a molecular trigger which
begins the chain of events leading from hyperglycemia to insulin
resistance and type 2 diabetes," said Jamey Marth, a Howard Hughes
Medical Institute investigator at the University of California, San
Diego (UCSD). Marth and first author Kazuaki Ohtsubo at UCSD
collaborated on the studies with researchers from the Kirin Brewery Co.
Ltd., and the University of Fukui, both in Japan."
Effects of 1 and 3 g cinnamon on gastric emptying, satiety, and postprandial blood glucose, insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, and ghrelin concentrations in healthy subjects.
Hlebowicz J, Hlebowicz A, Lindstedt S, Björgell O, Höglund P, Holst JJ, Darwiche G, Almér LO.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jan 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19158209
doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26807
Reports that vitamins C and E may blunt the positive effects of exercise are misleading, according to an antioxidant expert.
German researchers have reported that antioxidant vitamins C and E may blunt the positive effects of exercise, with respect to insulin sensitivity. Findings were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Reacting to the study , Alexander Schauss, PhD, from AIBMR Life Sciences, a nutraceutical products consultancy, told NutraIngredients.com that the title of the study (Antioxidants prevent health-promoting effects of physical exercise in humans) was misleading.
"The primary objective of this study was to study the effect of a 4-week intensive 5-days a week exercise program on insulin sensitivity. Yet the title of the paper leads one to believe otherwise," he said.
"This is a small gender-biased study of 40 male subjects, 25 to 35 years of age. When I read through the study for the first time I had to wonder how could the authors have come up with such a title for their paper?" he asked.
Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes: are we ready for a prevention trial?
Scragg R.
Diabetes. 2008 Oct;57(10):2565-6.
PMID: 18820212
doi: 10.2337/db08-0879
Despite evidence from the current article (3) and the Finnish study (17), doubts still remain about whether low vitamin status is a cause of type 2 diabetes. Further cohort studies are required, assessing baseline vitamin D status using blood 25(OH)D to be sure that the Ely and Finnish studies are not false-positive results. Glucose clamp studies are also required because we are still not sure of the mechanism influenced by vitamin D-whether it is insulin resistance, secretion, or both. But most importantly, given that nearly three decades have passed since the first studies linking vitamin D with insulin metabolism (6,7), well-designed clinical trials of the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemia status and diabetes risk are urgently required to settle this question. And they need to prevent past mistakes. In particular, the vitamin D dose given in such trials needs to be high enough-above 2,000 IU per day (19)-to raise blood 25(OH)D levels above 80 nmol/l because diabetes risk is lowest at this level (9,20). If well-designed trials are carried out and confirm a protective effect from vitamin D, it could be used by the general population as a simple and cheap solution to help prevent the diabetes epidemic.
Obesity-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis are alleviated by {omega}-3 fatty acids: a role for resolvins and protectins.
González-Périz A, Horrillo R, Ferré N, Gronert K, Dong B, Morán-Salvador E, Titos E, Martínez-Clemente M, López-Parra M, Arroyo V, Clària J.
FASEB J. 2009 Feb 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19211925
doi: 10.1096/fj.08-125674
A Role of DNA-PK for the Metabolic Gene Regulation in Response to Insulin
Roger H.F. Wong, Inhwan Chang, Carolyn S.S. Hudak, Suzanne Hyun, Hiu-Yee Kwan, Hei Sook Sul
Cell 20 March, 2009 Volume 136, Issue 6, p1056
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.12.040
Maghbooli Z, Hossein-Nezhad A, Karimi F, Shafaei AR, Larijani B.
Correlation between vitamin D(3) deficiency and insulin resistance in pregnancy.
Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2007 Jul 2; [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 17607661 [PubMed - as supplied by publish
Berberine lowers blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients through increasing insulin receptor expression.
Zhang H, Wei J, Xue R, Wu JD, Zhao W, Wang ZZ, Wang SK, Zhou ZX, Song DQ, Wang YM, Pan HN, Kong WJ, Jiang JD.
Metabolism. 2009 Sep 3
doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2009.07.029
Liver function was improved greatly in these patients by showing reduction of liver enzymes. Our results confirmed the activity of BBR on InsR in humans and its relationship with the glucose-lowering effect. Together with our previous report, we strongly suggest BBR as an ideal medicine for T2DM with a mechanism different from metformin and rosiglitazone.
Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Yin J, Xing H, Ye J.
Metabolism. 2008 May;57(5):712-7.
PMID: 18442638
doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.01.013.
Fasting plasma insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index were reduced by 28.1% and 44.7% (P<.001), respectively. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased significantly as well. During the trial, 20 (34.5%) patients experienced transient gastrointestinal adverse effects. Functional liver or kidney damages were not observed for all patients. In conclusion, this pilot study indicates that berberine is a potent oral hypoglycemic agent with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism
In summary, that berberine is a potent oral hypoglycemic agent with modest effect on lipid metabolism. It is safe and the cost of treatment by berberine is very low. It may serve as a new drug candidate in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, this is a pilot study. The efficacy of berberine needs to be tested in a much larger population and characterized as a function of the known duration of the diabetes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the action of berberine on type 2 diabetes in other ethnic groups.
Effects of chili consumption on postprandial glucose, insulin, and energy metabolism.
Ahuja KD, Robertson IK, Geraghty DP, Ball MJ.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jul;84(1):63-9.
PMID: 16825682
Conjugated linoleic acid improves insulin sensitivity in young, sedentary humans.
Eyjolfson V, Spriet LL, Dyck DJ.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004 May;36(5):814-20.
PMID: 15126715
CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that a common dosage of a commercially available CLA supplement can improve ISI in young, sedentary individuals. However, there is considerable individual variability in the response. Additional studies are required to identify underlying metabolic changes in human skeletal muscle.