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Computer Science Tuesday, April 25, 2023 Computer hardware Computer hardware is the physical components that make up a computer system. It includes everything from the central processing unit (CPU) to the monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Understanding the different types of hardware and how they work together is essential for anyone who works with computers. In this article, we will explore the various components of computer hardware, including internal and external components, and the peripherals that connect to them. We will also discuss the importance of hardware maintenance, the latest advancements in computer technology, and factors to consider when choosing the right hardware for your needs. Whether you are a computer technician, a gamer, or simply someone who uses a computer for everyday tasks, this article will help you better understand the world of computer hardware. Introduction to Computer Hardware Computer hardware refers to the physical components that make up a computer system. It includes everything from the processor and memory to input/output devices such as the keyboard and monitor. In this article, we will explore the different types of computer hardware and their functions. What is Computer Hardware Computer hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system. It includes all the components that can be touched, seen, and used to interact with a computer, such as the monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Hardware is different from computer software, which refers to the programs and applications that run on a computer system. History of Computer Hardware The history of computer hardware dates back to the 1820s when Charles Babbage, an English mathematician, and inventor, designed the first analytical engine, which was considered to be the first mechanical computer. With time, more complex electronic computers were developed, including the first Intel microprocessor in 1971. Since then, computer hardware has continued to evolve, becoming

vitamin B6 was shown to improve peripheral neuropathy in renal failure patients.  

Cochrane review did show that B vitamins improve peripheral neuropathy; though less than alpha lipoic acid.  And B vitamins are well tolerated.

Phthalates have both central inhibition and peripheral effects. This article highlights the peripheral anti-androgen effects of phthalates and phthalate metabolites. 

Study links peripheral neuropathy and ED in men.  Though, both are likely a reflection of low Testosterone as elevated aromatase activity.

Study points to obesity and low Testosterone contribution of neuroinflammation.  No effect of body weight was seen with TRT.  This animal model found similar positive effects of TRT in insulin sensitivity.  Obesity and low T increase inflammatory cytokine production: this study found an increase in TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and TRT reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta to near base-line.  Testosterone is neuroprotective and this study reviewed the small volume of evaded that pointed to benefit from estradiol.  Testosterone's effect on glial survival was positive but not significant.  Obesity and low T were found to be associated with increased macrophage infiltration in the PNS with increased TNF-alpha and IL-1beta.   Testosterone therapy improved peripheral neuropathy via its positive effects on nocicieption.

This study of inner city men found low T associated with methadone use.  Narcotics are a known risk factor for low T.  The free T was calculated from serum.  This equilibrium dialysis is based on too many variables.  Look at the studies on equilibrium dialysis.  This study also found calculated free T was not associated with insulin resistance.  However, insulin resistance is a peripheral tissue dysfunction not a serum dysfunction.  So, a calculated free T (not reality) in the serum shows me nothing of the peripheral activity.  For example, inflammation has been shown to increase aromatase activity in the prostate tissue only.  The thinking in the conclusions of so many of these studies is soooo flawed.

peripheral IVs safe alternative to central venous IVs during pregnancy

Here is a great review of thyroid hormone metabolism published in the very relevant journal Endocrinology.  The review describes the peripheral metabolism of the pro hormone T4 and the peripheral metabolism to free T3 and/or reverse T3 and the associated metabolic implications.  Why don't more endocrinologists read?This is an animal study.

According to Dr. Rajiv Parakh "Peripheral vascular sickness, also referred to as peripheral arterial disorder most commonly takes place inside the legs and narrows or blocks the vessels that carry blood from the coronary heart to the lower extremities.

dysregulated immune system plays role in recurrent miscarriage.  Specifically, this article discusses natural killer cells (NK).

another nice article on the dysregulation of cortisol and its role in insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and obesity.

Vitamin C plus rutin, in combination, shown to reduce oxidative stress markers in sciatic nerve.  Vitamin C will be an aid in therapy to treat peripheral neuropathy.

peripheral aromatase activity and Testosterone to Estradiol production have central HPA axis suppression resulting in decreased LH and FSH and low Testosterone.

peripheral estrogen in men inhibits testosterone production and secretion

peripheral conversion of t4 to reverse t3

Peripheral neuropathy involved in/associated with the pathogenesis of ED proposed by this study.

Awesome review of apolipoproteins, their function, and their metabolism.

DHT metabolite 3 alpha-androstanediol shown to be a good assessment of peripheral DHT action.

great review of the current knowledge of how adipose tissue influences androgen production and how androgens influence adipose tissue.  For example, leptin has an androgen inhibition centrally and peripherally.