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Nathan Goodyear

Chylomicron formation and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor are involved in activation o... - 0 views

www.jnutbio.com/...abstract

chylomicron inflammation atherosclerosis CAD arteriosclerosis plaque vascular disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 May 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 May 13
     
    Inflammatory foods coupled with elevated glucose levels and hypertriglyceridemia induces endotoxemia, oxidative damage and immune,inflammatory dysfunction; thus activated chylomicrons
Nathan Goodyear

Plasma lipoproteins: composition, structure and biochemistry - 0 views

lipidlibrary.aocs.org/...index.htm

apolipoproteins cholesterol VLDL chylomicrons LDL HDL lipoproteins biochemistry

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 13 - No Cached
  • triacylglycerols
  • The most abundant lipid constituents are triacylglycerols, free cholesterol, cholesterol esters and phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin especially ), though fat-soluble vitamins and anti-oxidants are also transported in this way
  • the lipoprotein aggregates should be described in terms of the different protein components or apoproteins (or 'apolipoproteins'
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Density is determined largely by the relative concentrations of triacylglycerols and proteins and by the diameters of the broadly spherical particles
  • these classes can be further refined by improved separation procedures, and intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL) and subdivisions of the HDL (e.g. HDL1, HDL2, HDL3 and so forth
  • the main groups are classified as chylomicrons (CM), very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL), based on the relative densities of the aggregates on ultracentrifugation
  • the various lipid components should not be considered as absolute, as they are in a state of constant flux
  • Apo A1 is the main protein component of HDL
  • Apo A2 is the second most important HDL apolipoprotein
  • Lipoproteins are spherical (VLDL, LDL, HDL) to discoidal (nascent HDL) in shape with a core of non-polar lipids, triacylglycerols and cholesterol esters, and a surface monolayer, ~20Å thick, consisting of apoproteins, phospholipids and non-esterified cholesterol, which serves to present a hydrophobic face to the aqueous phase
  • The lipoproteins can be categorised simplistically according to their two main metabolic functions. The principal role of the chylomicrons and VLDL is to transport triacylglycerols ‘forward’ as a source of fatty acids from the intestines or liver to the peripheral tissues. In contrast, the HDL remove excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues and deliver it to the liver for excretion in bile in the form of bile acids (‘reverse cholesterol transport’). While these functions are considered separately here for convenience, it should be recognised that the processes are highly complex and inter-related, and they involve transfer of apoproteins, enzymes and lipid constituents among the heterogeneous mix of all the lipoprotein fractions.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 13
     
    Awesome review of apolipoproteins, their function, and their metabolism.
Nathan Goodyear

Understanding lipoproteins as transporters of cholesterol and other lipids - 0 views

advan.physiology.org/...105.full

lipoproteins apolipoproteins cholesterol atherosclerosis CVD CAD

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Jul 13 - No Cached
  • the density of each lipoprotein is clearly in a constant state of flux
  • Two lipoprotein fractions are primarily involved in transport of lipid to peripheral tissues, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) from the liver and chylomicrons from the intestinal tract
  • As lipid is removed from these two fractions, the density of each fraction increases, thereby transforming VLDL into intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and ultimately LDL, and chylomicrons into chylomicron remnants
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • LDL-cholesterol has been described, and overly simplified, as “bad cholesterol” and HDL-cholesterol as “good cholesterol.”
  • HDL, is primarily involved in returning lipid, largely cholesterol, to the liver in a process called reverse cholesterol transport
  • Two primary subfractions of HDL have been classified as the higher-density HDL3, and the less dense, more lipid-filled HDL2
  • Recent investigations are also suggesting that smaller, denser lipoproteins are associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic development
  • lipoproteins as transporters of lipid
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Jul 13
     
    Brief, but good review of lipoproteins and apoliproteins.
Nathan Goodyear

Lipoproteins - 0 views

www.rpi.edu/...lipoprot.htm

cholesterol lipoproteins apolipoproteins VLDL HDL LDL IDL chylomicrons biochemistry

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 13 - Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 13
     
    Good review of the biochemistry and truth behind cholesterol.  The read here is tedious but important.  Cholesterol is about apolipoproteins, not cholesterol.
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