Vitamin D and skin physiology: a D-lightful story.\nHolick MF, Chen TC, Lu Z, Sauter E.\nJ Bone Miner Res. 2007 Dec;22 Suppl 2:V28-33.\nPMID: 18290718 \ndoi: 10.1359/jbmr.07s211\n
Pomegranate juice: a heart-healthy fruit juice.
Basu A, Penugonda K.
Nutr Rev. 2009 Jan;67(1):49-56.
PMID: 19146506
DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00133.x
Glerup H, Mikkelsen K, Poulsen L, Hass E, Overbeck S, Thomsen J, Charles P, Eriksen EF. Commonly recommended daily intake of vitamin D is not sufficient if sunlight exposure is limited.J Intern Med. 2000 Feb;247(2):260-8.PMID: 10692090 [PubMed - indexed f
Th1/Th2 balance: the hypothesis, its limitations, and implications for health and disease.
Kidd P.
Altern Med Rev. 2003 Aug;8(3):223-46. Review.
PMID: 12946237
Th1 pathways typically produce activation of cytotoxic T
lymphocytes (Tc), NK cells, macrophages, and monocytes, all of
which can attack cancer cells and generally defend against tumors.
55 IFN-gamma and other Th1 cytokines are typically lower in
advanced cancer patients, while the Th2 marker IL-4 can be higher
or unchanged.56 Nodules of non-small cell lung cancer freshly
removed from patients expressed a marked imbalance toward Th2, as
did biopsy samples from basal cell carcinoma.57 In prostate cancer
patients IL-2 was low (Th1) and IL-10 high.58 IL-10 is a confirmed
Th1-suppressive cytokine, and heightened IL-10 is a common factor
in cancer.55
IL-10 has a variety of suppressive effects that include inhibiting
Th1 cytokine production, down-regulating APC and NK cell function,
and lowering overall T-cell proliferation.57 Especially under the
influence of IL-4 (Th2), tumor cells apparently up-regulate IL-10
that suppresses nearby killer cells. Tumor-derived IL-10 has been
documented in lymphoma, ovarian carcinoma, melanoma, neuroblastoma,
and renal cell and colon carcinoma.57 IL-12 is another cytokine
that can be up-regulated by Th1 activity and inhibited by Th2.59 A
low IL-12/IL-10 ratio was found in cervical cancer patients.55
Recent clinical studies suggest elevated IL-10 is predictive of a
poor prognosis. 57 With both IL-4 and IL-10 being proven inhibitors
of Th1 and promoters of Th2 activity, the recognized capability of
cancerous tissue to suppress immunity is readily rationalized.
Th1/Th2 balance: the hypothesis, its limitations, and implications for health and disease.
Kidd P.
Altern Med Rev. 2003 Aug;8(3):223-46. Review.
PMID: 12946237
Docosahexaenoic acid-enriched egg consumption induces accretion of arachidonic acid in erythrocytes of elderly patients.
Payet M, Esmail MH, Polichetti E, Le Brun G, Adjemout L, Donnarel G, Portugal H, Pieroni G.
Br J Nutr. 2004 May;91(5):789-96.
PMID: 15137931
doi:10.1079/BJN20041106
Nutritional Situation of the Elderly in the European Union: Data of the European Nutrition and Health Report (2004)
Elisabeth Fabian, Ibrahim Elmadfa
Ann Nutr Metab 2008;52 (Suppl. 1):57-61 (DOI: 10.1159/000115352)
Addition of milk prevents vascular protective effects of tea.
Lorenz M, Jochmann N, von Krosigk A, Martus P, Baumann G, Stangl K, Stangl V.
Eur Heart J. 2007 Jan;28(2):219-23. Epub 2007 Jan 9.
PMID: 17213230
doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl442
In conclusion, milk may counteract the favourable health effects of tea on vascular function. The finding that the tea-induced improvement of vascular function in humans is completely attenuated after addition of milk may have broad implications on the mode of tea preparation and consumption. In addition, it indicates that caution is warranted in the design of studies involving nutritional flavonoids.
The beverage maté: a risk factor for cancer of the head and neck.
Goldenberg D, Golz A, Joachims HZ.
Head Neck. 2003 Jul;25(7):595-601. Review.
PMID: 12808663
DOI: 10.1002/hed.10288
Melanoma growth is reduced in fat-1 transgenic mice: impact of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids.
Xia S, Lu Y, Wang J, He C, Hong S, Serhan CN, Kang JX.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Aug 15;103(33):12499-504. Epub 2006 Aug 3.
PMID: 16888035
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0605394103
In vitro experiments showed that addition of the n-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid or PGE(3) inhibited the growth of B16 cell line and increased the expression of PTEN, which could be partially attenuated by inhibition of PGE(3) production, suggesting that PGE(3) may act as an antitumor mediator. These data demonstrate an anticancer (antimelanoma) effect of n-3 fatty acids through, at least in part, activation of PTEN pathway mediated by PGE(3).
Immunologic effects of national cholesterol education panel step-2 diets with and without fish-derived N-3 fatty acid enrichment.
Meydani SN, Lichtenstein AH, Cornwall S, Meydani M, Goldin BR, Rasmussen H, Dinarello CA, Schaefer EJ.
J Clin Invest. 1993 Jul;92(1):105-13.
PMID: 8325975
doi:10.1172/JCI116537
the low-fat, high-fish diet significantly decreased the percentage of helper T cells whereas the percentage of suppressor T cells increased