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Nathan Goodyear

Benign prostatic hyperplasia: a new meta... [J Endocrinol Invest. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24458832

BPH benign prostatic hypertrophy Toll-like receptors TLRs hormone hormones low Testosterone T estrogen estradiol aromatase prostate metabolism

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 14
     
    The authors of this paper describe BPH as a metabolic disease: involving inflammation with increased expression of TLRs, hormone imbalance and altered metabolism
Nathan Goodyear

AroER Tri-Screen™ is a Biologically Relevant Assay for Endocrine Disrupting C... - 0 views

toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/...toxsci.kfu023.abstract

Paxil paroxetine estrogen receptor agonist cancer breast prostate hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 14
     
    Paxil is estrogen receptor agonist.  What is interesting about this is that the FDA just approved this as a non-hormonal way to reduce hot flashes--but it is paxil under a different name.  It is non-hormonal--yeah right.  The organization making the approval doesn't know what they are doing at worse, or like the IOM stated are not up with the latest scientific knowledge.
Nathan Goodyear

New test suggests antidepressant Paxil may promote breast cancer - latimes.com - 0 views

www.latimes.com/...ancer-20140218,0,3273056.story

paxil SSRI anti-depressants estrogen receptors breast cancer prostate

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  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 14
     
    article on upcoming publication of study showing Paxil has estrogenic effect. Likely through receptors from paxil itself or metabolites.
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone and glucose metabolism in men: current concepts and controversies - 1 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...R37.full

Low T Testosterone metabolic syndrome MetS Diabetes men male glucose hormone hormones g

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Around 50% of ageing, obese men presenting to the diabetes clinic have lowered testosterone levels relative to reference ranges based on healthy young men
  • The absence of high-level evidence in this area is illustrated by the Endocrine Society testosterone therapy in men with androgen deficiency clinical practice guidelines (Bhasin et al. 2010), which are appropriate for, but not specific to men with metabolic disorders. All 32 recommendations made in these guidelines are based on either very low or low quality evidence.
  • A key concept relates to making a distinction between replacement and pharmacological testosterone therapy
  • ...59 more annotations...
  • The presence of symptoms was more closely linked to increasing age than to testosterone levels
  • Findings similar to type 2 diabetes were reported for men with the metabolic syndrome, which were associated with reductions in total testosterone of −2.2 nmol/l (95% CI −2.41 to 1.94) and in free testosterone
  • low testosterone is more predictive of the metabolic syndrome in lean men
  • Cross-sectional studies uniformly show that 30–50% of men with type 2 diabetes have lowered circulating testosterone levels, relative to references based on healthy young men
  • In a recent cross-sectional study of 240 middle-aged men (mean age 54 years) with either type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes or without diabetes (Ng Tang Fui et al. 2013b), increasing BMI and age were dominant drivers of low total and free testosterone respectively.
  • both diabetes and the metabolic syndrome are associated with a modest reduction in testosterone, in magnitude comparable with the effect of 10 years of ageing
  • In a cross-sectional study of 490 men with type 2 diabetes, there was a strong independent association of low testosterone with anaemia
  • In men, low testosterone is a marker of poor health, and may improve our ability to predict risk
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14
       
      probably the most important point made in this article
  • low testosterone identifies men with an adverse metabolic phenotype
  • Diabetic men with low testosterone are significantly more likely to be obese or insulin resistant
  • increased inflammation, evidenced by higher CRP levels
  • Bioavailable but not free testosterone was independently predictive of mortality
  • It remains possible that low testosterone is a consequence of insulin resistance, or simply a biomarker, co-existing because of in-common risk factors.
  • In prospective studies, reviewed in detail elsewhere (Grossmann et al. 2010) the inverse association of low testosterone with metabolic syndrome or diabetes is less consistent for free testosterone compared with total testosterone
  • In a study from the Framingham cohort, SHBG but not testosterone was prospectively and independently associated with incident metabolic syndrome
  • low SHBG (Ding et al. 2009) but not testosterone (Haring et al. 2013) with an increased risk of future diabetes
  • In cross-sectional studies of men with (Grossmann et al. 2008) and without (Bonnet et al. 2013) diabetes, SHBG but not testosterone was inversely associated with worse glycaemic control
  • SHBG may have biological actions beyond serving as a carrier protein for and regulator of circulating sex steroids
  • In men with diabetes, free testosterone, if measured by gold standard equilibrium dialysis (Dhindsa et al. 2004), is reduced
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14
       
      expensive, laborious process filled with variables
  • Low free testosterone remains inversely associated with insulin resistance, independent of SHBG (Grossmann et al. 2008). This suggests that the low testosterone–dysglycaemia association is not solely a consequence of low SHBG.
  • Experimental evidence reviewed below suggests that visceral adipose tissue is an important intermediate (rather than a confounder) in the inverse association of testosterone with insulin resistance and metabolic disorders.
  • testosterone promotes the commitment of pluripotent stem cells into the myogenic lineage and inhibits their differentiation into adipocytes
  • testosterone regulates the metabolic functions of mature adipocytes (Xu et al. 1991, Marin et al. 1995) and myocytes (Pitteloud et al. 2005) in ways that reduce insulin resistance.
  • Pre-clinical evidence (reviewed in Rao et al. (2013)) suggests that at the cellular level, testosterone may improve glucose metabolism by modulating the expression of the glucose-transported Glut4 and the insulin receptor, as well as by regulating key enzymes involved in glycolysis.
  • More recently testosterone has been shown to protect murine pancreatic β cells against glucotoxicity-induced apoptosis
  • Interestingly, a reciprocal feedback also appears to exist, given that not only chronic (Cameron et al. 1990, Allan 2013) but also, as shown more recently (Iranmanesh et al. 2012, Caronia et al. 2013), acute hyperglycaemia can lower testosterone levels.
  • There is also evidence that testosterone regulates insulin sensitivity directly and acutely
  • In men with prostate cancer commencing androgen deprivation therapy, both total as well as, although not in all studies (Smith 2004), visceral fat mass increases (Hamilton et al. 2011) within 3 months
  • More prolonged (>12 months) androgen deprivation therapy has been associated with increased risk of diabetes in several large observational registry studies
  • Testosterone has also been shown to reduce the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in some, but not all studies, reviewed recently in Kelly & Jones (2013). It is not know whether this effect is independent of testosterone-induced changes in body composition.
  • the observations discussed in this section suggest that it is the decrease in testosterone that causes insulin resistance and diabetes. One important caveat remains: the strongest evidence that low testosterone is the cause rather than consequence of insulin resistance comes from men with prostate cancer (Grossmann & Zajac 2011a) or biochemical castration, and from mice lacking the androgen receptor.
  • Several large prospective studies have shown that weight gain or development of type 2 diabetes is major drivers of the age-related decline in testosterone levels
  • there is increasing evidence that healthy ageing by itself is generally not associated with marked reductions in testosterone
  • Circulating testosterone, on an average 30%, is lower in obese compared with lean men
  • increased visceral fat is an important component in the association of low testosterone and insulin resistance
  • The vast majority of men with metabolic disorders have functional gonadal axis suppression with modest reductions in testosterone levels
  • obesity is a dominant risk factor
  • men with Klinefelter syndrome have an increased risk of metabolic disorders. Interestingly, greater body fat mass is already present before puberty
  • Only 5% of men with type 2 diabetes have elevated LH levels
  • inhibition of the gonadal axis predominantly takes place in the hypothalamus, especially with more severe obesity
  • Metabolic factors, such as leptin, insulin (via deficiency or resistance) and ghrelin are believed to act at the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus to inhibit gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) secretion from GNRH neurons situated in the preoptic area
  • kisspeptin has emerged as one of the most potent secretagogues of GNRH release
  • hypothesis that obesity-mediated inhibition of kisspeptin signalling contributes to the suppression of the HPT axis, infusion of a bioactive kisspeptin fragment has been recently shown to robustly increase LH pulsatility, LH levels and circulating testosterone in hypotestosteronaemic men with type 2 diabetes
  • A smaller study with a similar experimental design found that acute testosterone withdrawal reduced insulin sensitivity independent of body weight, whereas oestradiol withdrawal had no effects
  • suppression of the diabesity-associated HPT axis is functional, and may hence be reversible
  • Obesity and dysglycaemia and associated comorbidities such as obstructive sleep apnoea (Hoyos et al. 2012b) are important contributors to the suppression of the HPT axis
  • weight gain and development of diabetes accelerate the age-related decline in testosterone
  • Modifiable risk factors such as obesity and co-morbidities are more strongly associated with a decline in circulating testosterone levels than age alone
  • 55% of symptomatic androgen deficiency reverted to a normal testosterone or an asymptomatic state after 8-year follow-up, suggesting that androgen deficiency is not a stable state
  • Weight loss can reactivate the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis
  • Leptin treatment resolves hypogonadism in leptin-deficient men
  • The hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis remains responsive to treatment with aromatase inhibitors or selective oestrogen receptor modulators in obese men
  • Kisspeptin treatment increases LH secretion, pulse frequency and circulating testosterone levels in hypotestosteronaemic men with type 2 diabetes
  • change in BMI was associated with the change in testosterone (Corona et al. 2013a,b).
  • weight loss can lead to genuine reactivation of the gonadal axis by reversal of obesity-associated hypothalamic suppression
  • There is pre-clinical and observational evidence that chronic hyperglycaemia can inhibit the HPT axis
  • in men who improved their glycaemic control over time, testosterone levels increased. By contrast, in those men in whom glycaemic control worsened, testosterone decreased
  • testosterone levels should be measured after successful weight loss to identify men with an insufficient rise in their testosterone levels. Such men may have HPT axis pathology unrelated to their obesity, which will require appropriate evaluation and management.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14
     
    Article discusses the expanding evidence of low T and Metabolic syndrome.
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone deficiency is associated with increased risk of mortality and testosterone... - 0 views

www.eje-online.org/...725.full

low T Testosterone mortality Diabetes therapy treatment men male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 14
     
    Men with type II diabetes have lower Testosterone levels when compared to none diabetics.  This study found an increased mortality with low T in those with type II Diabetes.  The main association was found with bioavailable Testosterone.  Total Testosterone is proving useless as a functional tool.  Additionally, Testosterone therapy reduced mortality in those with Diabetes.
Nathan Goodyear

Obesity and age as dominant correlates of low testosterone in men irrespective of diabe... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...B667F6B4354AE81F49E3120.f02t04

low T Testosterone obesity weight age diabetes men male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 14
     
    This study finds that BMI and age are driving forces of low Testosterone.  This study did not find that Diabetes was significantly associated with decreasing Testosterone levels.
Nathan Goodyear

Coadministration of anastrozole sustains therapeut... [J Sex Med. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24119010

Testosterone aromatase aromatase activity estradiol anastrazole aromatase inhibitor aromatase inhibitors aromatase inhibition men male hormone hormones

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  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 14
     
    First, Testosterone pellets are not the way to go.  Historically, these will go the way of all the implantable contraceptive devices.  However, the conclusion of this study is good and confirms the benefit of anastrazole to inhibit aromatase activity and help to maintain Testosterone levels.
Nathan Goodyear

Caloric Restriction Increases Serum Testoster... [Horm Metab Res. 2013] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24198220

low T Testosterone calorie restriction calorie restriction obesity aromatase men male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 14
     
    Calorie restriction increases serum Testosterone levels in obese men.  This fits with other research that weight reduction in obese men can resolve low T.  The obvious proposed mechanisms are a reduction in aromatase activity due to a loss of adiposity, a decrease in inflammatory cytokine production thus negatively effecting the HPA, improved HPA signaling and thus improved Testicular production of Testosterone.
Nathan Goodyear

Serum testosterone improves the accuracy of Pro... [Clin Biochem. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24530341

Testosterone prostate cancer

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  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 14
     
    I think the authors missed the points to be taken from their research:prostate cancer patients had "lower concentrations of total Testosterone, free Testosterone, and bioavailable Testosterone" versus controls that were prostate cancer free.  This provides additional support that prostate cancer is not a androgen driven disease.
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone deficiency: A determinant of ao... [Atherosclerosis. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24529157

low T Testosterone CAD CVD cardiovascular disease coronary artery

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  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 14
     
    low Total Testosterone associated with CAD, particularly aortic.  Obviously, Testosterone, when low, is a marker of poor health in men.  However, low Testosterone can likely play a role in disease development, especially when age is factored in--low Testosterone in younger men likely plays an etiology versus a lesser impact in the elder.
Nathan Goodyear

ROUND-UP: Predicting depression in boys (PNAS*) - an expert responds - AusSMC - Austral... - 0 views

www.smc.org.au/...n-boys-pnas-an-expert-responds

depression boys saliva salivary cortisol hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Feb 14
     
    Elevated salivary am cortisol predicts increased risk of depression in boys.  
Nathan Goodyear

http://chrisbeatcancer.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/contribution-of-chemotherapy-to-5... - 0 views

chrisbeatcancer.com/...therapy-to-5-year-survival.pdf

cancer chemotherapy

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  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Feb 14
     
    This study from 2004 reveals the marketing-based medicine era that we live in.  This meta-analysis of studies conducted for 5 year survival benefit found the contribution of chemotherapy was 2.3% in Australia and 2.1% in America.  The authors conclusion: "it is clear that cytotoxic chemotherapy only makes a minor contribution to cancer survival".  Compare this to the chemotherapy harm and the balance of benefit versus harm reveals a complete lack of evidence with regards to how therapy is practiced in Cancer
Nathan Goodyear

Black women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have increased risk for metabolic syn... - 0 views

www.fertstert.org/...abstract

PCOS polycystic ovarian syndrome metabolic syndrome cardiovascular disease CVD women

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Feb 14
     
    The medical field continues to be amazed that people are different. More, that different people groups are different.  This study found that black women with PCOS have an elevated risk of metabolic syndrome when compared to white women with PCOS.  Body weight was a variable that was controlled for.  This was a retrospective study.
Nathan Goodyear

The disturbance of TH17-Treg cell balance in adenomyosis - 0 views

www.fertstert.org/...abstract

adenomyosis inflammation Treg Th17 T helper cells dysmenorrhea

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Feb 14
     
    Imbalance in the immune system, particularly an elevated Treg population vs Th17, suggested by this study to play a role in Adenomyosis.  This was associated with dysmenorrhea.  Only abstract available.
Nathan Goodyear

Influence of tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors on testicular function and se... - 0 views

www.fertstert.org/...abstract

TNF-alpha sperm motility low T Testosterone LH FSH autoimmune disease inflammation male men hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Feb 14
     
    Cause and effect cannot be taken from this study.  However, TNF-alpha is known to disrupt testicular function, in this case the study found decreased sperm motility, lower Testosterone levels, and increased LH and FSH at baseline.  Improvement was seen after anti-TNF-alpha therapy. The point of this study should be why the elevated TNF-alpha and attack there.
Nathan Goodyear

Role of sphingolipids in oestrogen signalling in breast cancer cells: an update - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...R25.full

Sphingolipids estrogen breast cancer

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  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14
     
    to be read.  
Nathan Goodyear

Comparison of Blood and Brain Mercury Levels in Infant Monkeys Exposed to Methylmercury... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC1280342

ethylMercury ethyl Mercury Hg brain methylMercury Thimerosal vaccines vaccinations heavy metals toxicity

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  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Feb 14
     
    Animal study finds that methyl Hg is not useful in determining effects of ethyl mercury.  According to this study, the conclusion is that the ethyl Mercury from Thimerosal is converted to inorganic Hg as evident in the results.  So, in essence, the ethyl mercury, considered less toxic than methyl mercury, is converted to inorganic Mercury a more toxic compound.  The results of the study revealed a higher % of inorganic Hg in the brains of those exposed to thimerosal to those exposed to methylMercury.
Nathan Goodyear

http://www.epa.gov/teach/chem_summ/mercury_org_summary.pdf - 0 views

www.epa.gov/...mercury_org_summary.pdf

Mercury Organic methyl ethyl methylMercury Hg ethylMercury EPA heavy metals toxicity

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  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Feb 14
     
    EPA paper on Organic Mercury: methyl and ethyl mercury.
Nathan Goodyear

http://www.epa.gov/teach/chem_summ/mercury_elem_summary.pdf - 0 views

www.epa.gov/...mercury_elem_summary.pdf

Mercury elemental toxicity heavy metals Hg

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  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Feb 14
     
    EPA paper on elemental Mercury
Nathan Goodyear

http://www.epa.gov/teach/chem_summ/mercury_inorg_summary.pdf - 0 views

www.epa.gov/...mercury_inorg_summary.pdf

inorganic mercury toxicity heavy metals

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  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Feb 14
     
    EPA paper on inorganic Mercury.
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