Studies have shown pharmacological doses of testosterone to relax coronary arteries when injected intraluminally [39] and to produce modest but consistent improvement in exercise-induced angina and reverse associated ECG changes [40]. The mechanism of action is via blockade of calcium channels with effect of similar magnitude to nifedipine
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Aug 13
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Singapore Medical Association (SMA) - Formed in 1959, the Singapore Medical Association... - 0 views
sma.org.sg/...articles.aspx
type II diabetes Diabetes DM omega 3 EPA HbA1C HgbA1C insulin sensitivity insulin resistance insulin
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Apr 14
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Association of fructose consumption and components... [Nutrition. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24698343
metabolic syndrome fructose nutrition diet glucose triglycerides hypertension
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Apr 14
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Effects of vitamin D supplementation on gluco... [Am J Clin Nutr. 2013] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24132976
vitamin D D3 pregnancy GDM gestational diabetes vitamin d glucose insulin sensitivity
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Apr 14
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Prevalence and impact of hyperandrogenemia in 1,21... [Endocrine. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24752393
PCOS polycystic ovarian syndrome LH androgens Testosterone glucose FSH SHBG
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Apr 14
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Long-Term Testosterone Treatment in Elderly Men wi... [J Sex Med. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24712761
low T Testosterone undecanoate metabolic syndrome cholesterol triglycerides glucose weight BMI men male hormone hormones hypogonadism
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 May 14
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Serum sex steroids and steroidogenesis-relate... [Diabetes Metab. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24792219
androgens Testosterone DHT DihydroTestosterone weight fat insulin SHBG diabetes men male hormone hormones low T
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Overeating, which is a classical American diet, was found to increase weight, fat mass and fasting insulin. In contrast, SHBG, Testosterone and DHT were decreased. Enzymes responsible for androgen production i.e.3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17-beta-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase, were decreased in muscles of those in this study. These changes were more pronounced in those with a family h/o of diabetes.
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 12 May 14
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Testosterone Deficiency, Cardiac Health, and Older Men - 0 views
www.hindawi.com/...143763
low T Testosterone obesity type II diabetes diabetes health wellness metabolic syndrome lipids cholesterol hypogonadism TDS testicular dysgenesis syndrome men male hormone hormones prostate cancer
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men with chronic stable angina pectoris, the ischaemic threshold increased after 4 weeks of TRT and a recent study demonstrates improvement continuing beyond 12 months [
- ...36 more annotations...
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Studies have shown an inverse relationship between serum testosterone and fasting blood glucose and insulin levels
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Medications such as chronic analgesics, anticonvulsants, 5ARIs, and androgen ablation therapy are associated with increased risk of testosterone deficiency and insulin resistance
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Women with T2D or metabolic syndrome characteristically have low SHBG and high free testosterone
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The precise interaction between insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, and hypogonadism is, as yet, unclear but the important mechanisms are through increased aromatase production, raised leptin levels, and increase in inflammatory kinins
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Men should be encouraged to combine aerobic exercise with strength training. As muscle increases, glucose will be burned more efficiently and insulin levels will fall. A minimum of 30 minutes exercise three times weekly should be advised
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studies now clearly show that low testosterone leads to visceral obesity and metabolic syndrome and is also a consequence of obesity
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In the case of MMAS [43], a baseline total testosterone of less than 10.4 nmol/L was associated with a greater than 4-fold incidence of type 2 diabetes over the next 9 years
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Low testosterone predicts increased mortality and testosterone therapy improves survival in 587 men with type 2 diabetes
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A similar retrospective US study involved 1031 men with 372 on TRT. The cumulative mortality was 21% in the untreated group versus 10% ( ) in the treated group with the greatest effect in younger men and those with type 2 diabetes
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the presence of ED has been shown to be an independent risk factor, particularly in hypogonadal men, increasing the risk of cardiac events by over 50%
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A recent online publication on ischaemic heart disease mortality in men concluded optimal androgen levels are a biomarker for survival
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A recent 10 year study from Western Australia involving 3690 men followed up from 2001–2010 concluded that TT and FT levels in the normal range were associated with decreased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, for the first time suggesting that both low and DHT are associated with all-cause mortality and higher levels of DHT reduced cardiovascular risk
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The effect of treatment with TRT reduced the mortality rate of treated cohort (8.4%) to that of the eugonadal group whereas the mortality for the untreated remained high at 19.2%
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Men with angiographically proven CAD (coronary artery disease) have significantly lower testosterone levels [29] compared to controls ( ) and there was a significant inverse relationship between the degree of CAD and TT (total testosterone) levels
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men treated with long acting testosterone showed highly significant reductions in TC, LDL, and triglycerides with increase in HDL, associated with significant reduction in weight, BMI, and visceral fat
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In some studies, a decline in diastolic blood pressure has been observed, after 3–9 months [24, 26] and in systolic blood pressure
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TRT has been shown to upregulate PDE5 [65] and enhance the effect of PDE5Is (now an accepted therapy for both ED and LUTS), it no longer seems logical to advice avoidance of TRT in men with mild to moderate BPH.
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Several meta-analyses have failed to show a link between TRT and development of prostate cancer [66] but some studies have shown a tendency for more aggressive prostate cancer in men with low testosterone
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low bioavailable testosterone and high SHBG were associated with a 4.9- and 3.2-fold risk of positive biopsy
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Current EAU, ISSAM, and BSSM guidance [1, 2] is that there is “no evidence TRT is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer or activation of subclinical cancer.”
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Men with prostate cancer, treated with androgen deprivation, develop an increase of fat mass with an altered lipid profile
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Erectile dysfunction is an established marker for future cardiovascular risk and the major presenting symptom leading to a diagnosis of low testosterone
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shared by wheelchairindia9 on 21 Apr 15
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A Friendly Tricycle For Disabled People - 0 views
www.blogroll.net/article.php
A Friendly Tricycle For Disabled People more stability lower centre of gravity durability and safety dynamic lateral stability better handling and control
![](/images/link.gif)
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A tricycle for special needs is made so can go along for the ride in wheelchair or sitting in a special seat, both of which are attached right in front of another adult's trike. Tricycles to accommodate a vast array of special needs. Hand-pedaled recumbent tricycles are available for those without the use of their legs. Children, teens and adults with cerebral palsy and similar disorders can select tricycles specially designed to increase strength and coordination. Caregivers to autistic children can ride with their child on tandem special needs tricycles built to accommodate one adult and one child rider. Accessories are also available to convert standard trikes to suit specific needs. The objective of tricycle design is to produce wheelchairs that perform well and can provide appropriate seating and postural support without compromising strength, durability and safety. A Hand Driven Tricycle, abbreviated to trike is a three-wheeled passenger vehicle, usually carrying a single rider. The tricycle consists of a motorbike and an attached passenger sidecar and should not be confused with the tricycle. The trike is a motorized three-wheeled pedicab. Human-powered trikes are powered by pedals or hand cranks. Motorized trikes use motorcycle or scooter,or electric motors. Tricycles tend to be used for commercial purposes: such as "pedicabs" for transport passengers, and freight trikes for making deliveries. In the adult-sized tricycles are used primarily for recreation, shopping, and exercise. Tricycles are favoured by children and senior adults alike for their apparent stability versus a bicycle; but a conventional trike has poor dynamic lateral stability, and the rider must take care when cornering to avoid tipping the trike over. Standard Single Hand Driven Tricycle: Frame : Made by E.R.W. Tubes 22.22 mm- 18 G. Seat & Back : MS, CRC Sheet Seat Size 18"x 16" Wheel Size : Wheel Diameter 28"x 1 1/2" Tyre and Tube Standard Company. Parts : Standard Quality
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L-acetylcarnitine causes rapid antidepressant effects through the epigenetic induction ... - 0 views
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Branched-chain amino acids as a protein- and energy-source in liver cirrhosis. - PubMed... - 0 views
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Oct 15
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Branched Chain Amino Acid Supplementation for Patients with Cirrhosis | Clinical Correl... - 0 views
www.clinicalcorrelations.org/?p=3544
BCCA branched chain amino acids liver cirrhosis hepatitis amino acids
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low level of BCAAs in patients with cirrhosis is hypothesized to be one of multiple factors responsible for development of hepatic encephalopathy
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supplementation of BCAAs is thought to facilitate ammonia detoxification by supporting synthesis of glutamine, one of the non-branched chain amino acids, in skeletal muscle and in the brain as well as diminishing the influx of AAAs across the blood-brain barrier
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oral BCAA supplementation is more useful in chronic encephalopathic patients than is parenteral BCAA supplementation in patients with acute encephalopathy
- ...35 more annotations...
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Studies show that administration of amino acid formulas enriched with BCAAs can reduce protein loss, support protein synthesis, and improve nutritional status of patients with chronic liver disease
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Leucine has been shown to be the most effective of the BCAAs because it acts via multiple pathways to stimulate protein synthesis
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BCAAs (particularly leucine) help to reverse the catabolic, hyperglucagonemic state of cirrhosis both by stimulating insulin release from the pancreatic β cells and by decreasing insulin resistance allowing for better glucose utilization
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BCAA supplementation improves protein-energy malnutrition by improving utilization of glucose, thereby diminishing the drive for proteolysis, inhibiting protein breakdown, and stimulating protein synthesis
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Cirrhotic patients have impaired immune defense, characterized by defective phagocytic activity and impaired intracellular killing activity
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another effect of BCAA supplementation is improvement of phagocytic function of neutrophils and possibly improvement in natural killer T (NKT) cell lymphocyte activity
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BCAA supplementation may reduce the risk of infection in patients with advanced cirrhosis not only through improvement in protein-energy malnutrition but also by directly improving the function of the immune cells themselves
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A proposed mechanism for improved liver regeneration is the stimulatory effect of BCAAs (particularly leucine) on the secretion of hepatocyte growth factor by hepatic stellate cells
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BCAAs activate rapamycin signaling pathways which promotes albumin synthesis in the liver as well as protein and glycogen synthesis in muscle tissue
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Chemical improvement with BCAA treatment is demonstrated by recovery of serum albumin and lowering of serum bilirubin levels
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long-term oral BCAA supplementation was useful in staving off malnutrition and improving survival by preventing end-stage fatal complications of cirrhosis such as hepatic failure and gastrointestinal bleeding
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The incidence of death by any cause, development of liver cancer, rupture of esophageal varices, or progression to hepatic failure was decreased in the group that received BCAA supplementation
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Patients receiving BCAA supplementation also have a lower average hospital admission rate, better nutritional status, and better liver function tests
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BCAAs have been shown to mitigate hepatic encephalopathy, cachexia, and infection rates, complications associated with the progression of hepatic cirrhosis
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Highest levels are found in casein whey protein of dairy products and vegetables, such as corn and mushrooms. Other sources include egg albumin, beans, peanuts and brown rice bran
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Oral supplementation tends to provide a better hepatic supply of BCAAs for patients able to tolerate PO nutrition as compared with IV supplementation, especially when treating symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy
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Coadministration of BCAAs with carnitine and zinc has also been shown to increase ammonia metabolism further reducing the encephalopathic symptoms
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Cirrhotic patients benefit from eating frequent, small meals that prevent long fasts which place the patient in a catabolic state
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the best time for BCAA supplementation is at bedtime to improve the catabolic state during starvation in early morning fasting
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A late night nutritional snack reduces symptoms of weakness and fatigability, lowers postprandial hyperglycemia, increases skeletal muscle mass,[25] improves nitrogen balance, and increases serum albumin levels.[26] Nocturnal BCAAs even improve serum albumin in cirrhotic patients who show no improvement with daytime BCAAs
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Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), with low serum albumin and low muscle mass, occurs in 65-90% of cases of advanced cirrhosis
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BCAAs are further depleted from the circulation due to increased uptake by skeletal muscles that use the BCAAs in the synthesis of glutamine, which is produced in order to clear the ammonia that is not cleared by the failing liver
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patients with chronic liver disease, particularly cirrhosis, routinely have decreased BCAAs and increased aromatic amino acids (AAAs) in their circulation
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Maintaining a higher serum albumin in patients with cirrhosis is associated with decreased mortality and improved quality of life
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shared by wheelchairindia9 on 17 Apr 15
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A Friendly Tricycle For Disabled People - 0 views
www.articlesbase.com/...r-disabled-people-7248754.html
A Friendly Tricycle For Disabled People more stability lower centre of gravity durability and safety dynamic lateral stability better handling and control
![](/images/link.gif)
-
A tricycle for special needs is made so can go along for the ride in wheelchair or sitting in a special seat, both of which are attached right in front of another adult's trike. Tricycles to accommodate a vast array of special needs. Hand-pedaled recumbent tricycles are available for those without the use of their legs. Children, teens and adults with cerebral palsy and similar disorders can select tricycles specially designed to increase strength and coordination. Caregivers to autistic children can ride with their child on tandem special needs tricycles built to accommodate one adult and one child rider. Accessories are also available to convert standard trikes to suit specific needs. The objective of tricycle design is to produce wheelchairs that perform well and can provide appropriate seating and postural support without compromising strength, durability and safety. A Hand Driven Tricycle, abbreviated to trike is a three-wheeled passenger vehicle, usually carrying a single rider. The tricycle consists of a motorbike and an attached passenger sidecar and should not be confused with the tricycle. The trike is a motorized three-wheeled pedicab. Human-powered trikes are powered by pedals or hand cranks. Motorized trikes use motorcycle or scooter,or electric motors. Tricycles tend to be used for commercial purposes: such as "pedicabs" for transport passengers, and freight trikes for making deliveries. In the adult-sized tricycles are used primarily for recreation, shopping, and exercise. Tricycles are favoured by children and senior adults alike for their apparent stability versus a bicycle; but a conventional trike has poor dynamic lateral stability, and the rider must take care when cornering to avoid tipping the trike over. Standard Single Hand Driven Tricycle: Frame : Made by E.R.W. Tubes 22.22 mm- 18 G. Seat & Back : MS, CRC Sheet Seat Size 18"x 16" Wheel Size : Wheel Diameter 28"x 1 1/2" Tyre and Tube Standard Company. Parts : Standard Quality
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shared by wheelchairindia9 on 17 Apr 15
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A Friendly Tricycle For Disabled People - 0 views
www.apsense.com/...cycle-for-disabled-people.html
A Friendly Tricycle For Disabled People more stability lower centre of gravity durability and safety dynamic lateral stability better handling and control
![](/images/link.gif)
-
A tricycle for special needs is made so can go along for the ride in wheelchair or sitting in a special seat, both of which are attached right in front of another adult's trike. Tricycles to accommodate a vast array of special needs. Hand-pedaled recumbent tricycles are available for those without the use of their legs. Children, teens and adults with cerebral palsy and similar disorders can select tricycles specially designed to increase strength and coordination. Caregivers to autistic children can ride with their child on tandem special needs tricycles built to accommodate one adult and one child rider. Accessories are also available to convert standard trikes to suit specific needs. The objective of tricycle design is to produce wheelchairs that perform well and can provide appropriate seating and postural support without compromising strength, durability and safety. A Hand Driven Tricycle, abbreviated to trike is a three-wheeled passenger vehicle, usually carrying a single rider. The tricycle consists of a motorbike and an attached passenger sidecar and should not be confused with the tricycle. The trike is a motorized three-wheeled pedicab. Human-powered trikes are powered by pedals or hand cranks. Motorized trikes use motorcycle or scooter,or electric motors. Tricycles tend to be used for commercial purposes: such as "pedicabs" for transport passengers, and freight trikes for making deliveries. In the adult-sized tricycles are used primarily for recreation, shopping, and exercise. Tricycles are favoured by children and senior adults alike for their apparent stability versus a bicycle; but a conventional trike has poor dynamic lateral stability, and the rider must take care when cornering to avoid tipping the trike over. Standard Single Hand Driven Tricycle: Frame : Made by E.R.W. Tubes 22.22 mm- 18 G. Seat & Back : MS, CRC Sheet Seat Size 18"x 16" Wheel Size : Wheel Diameter 28"x 1 1/2" Tyre and Tube Standard Company. Parts : Standard Quality
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Aug 15
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Association of Free Testosterone With Hypogonadal Symptoms in Men With Near-normal Tota... - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...26199166
low T low Testosterone Testosterone free Testosterone male hormones men
![](/images/link.gif)
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only abstract available here, but the authors conclude that free Testosterone is no associated with low T symptoms with near normal serum TT. Not so fast, the study did find that free Testosterone did prove significant in younger men and this is exactly when the TT and fT appear to have significant discrepencies.
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ScienceDirect - American Heart Journal : Plasma total cysteine and total homocysteine a... - 0 views
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Fasting plasma concentration of total homocysteine, but not total cysteine, was positively associated with MI risk.
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Nov 11
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Tissue glutathione as a cyst(e)ine reservoir during f... [J Nutr. 1981] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...6112251
glutathione starvation detoxification low calorie diets very weight loss obesity overweight
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Aug 14
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Nonfasting Apolipoprotein B and Triglyceride Levels as a Useful Predictor of Coronary H... - 0 views
atvb.ahajournals.org/...1918.long
lipoproteins apo B apo A1 apolipoproteins Apolipoprotein B Apolipoprotien A1 cholesterol HDL cardiovascular disease risk heart disease
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jan 15
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Intravenous Fluid Use in Athletes - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3435915
IV intravenous fluid nutrition athletes athlete sports medicine sports exercise
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Treatment of exercise-associated hyponatremia with hypertonic IV infusion to correct plasma sodium levels is also a standard and accepted use of IV fluid infusions
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athletes who present for medical care with hypernatremia who cannot tolerate oral fluids can benefit from IV fluids
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Vaporization of sweat accounts for 80% of heat loss in hot, dry atmospheric conditions. This mechanism of water loss is the major contributor for exercise-associated dehydration
- ...30 more annotations...
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Pre- and postexercise body weight measurements are the most common means to estimate overall water loss but are condition specific
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In highly trained endurance athletes, plasma volume and sodium serum concentration were preserved despite a 5% body weight loss
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In Ironman triathletes, dehydration to 5% body weight loss did not correlate with occurrence of medical complications
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hydration should begin hours prior to exercise, especially if known deficits are present, and fluids should be consumed at a slow, steady rate, with 5 to 7 mL/kg taken 4 hours prior to exercise
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Sodium concentration did not produce significant changes in the rate of absorption but was primarily dependent on carbohydrate concentration
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IV treatment of severe dehydration (>7% body weight loss), exertional heat illness, nausea, emesis, or diarrhea, and in those who cannot ingest oral fluids for other reasons, is clinically indicated
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A recent survey of the National Football League teams revealed that 75% (24 of 32) of the teams utilized IV infusion of fluids for prehydration in at least some otherwise healthy individuals
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In the National Football League, an average of 1.5 L of normal saline was administered approximately 2.5 hours prior to competition
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after 2 hours of exercise, the rectal temperature was 0.6° higher in the group not receiving IV infusion. Also, stroke volume and cardiac output were 11% to 16% lower in the control group versus the IV infusion group.
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Recent evidence suggests the etiology of EAMC is related to muscle fatigue and neuronal excitability
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there may be a subset of muscle cramping that is associated with a loss of both body fluid and sodium
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elevation of plasma volume by 200 to 300 mL via dextran infusion resulted in 15% increase in stroke volume, 4% increase in VO2 max, and an increase in the exercise time to fatigue
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Neither the tonicity nor mode of hydration resulted in improved speed of rehydration, greater fluid retention, or improved performance
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There are beneficial anecdotal reports of EAMC treatment in elite and professional-level athletes with IV hydration during the course of an event
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Plasma volume was better restored during rehydration with IV fluids at preexercise and 5 minutes of exercise. At 15 minutes, there was no difference between IV and oral rehydration
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More rapid restoration of plasma volume was accomplished in the IV treatment group with no advantages over oral rehydration in physiological strain, heat tolerance, ratings of perceived effort, or thermal sensations
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No difference was found in exercise time to exhaustion. IV and oral rehydration methods were equally effective. Heart rates were statistically higher in the oral rehydration group through 75 minutes of exercise, and there were higher increases in norepinephrine plasma concentrations
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No significant differences between the groups were found for time to recovery, number of days with pain, number of days with stiffness, sleep disturbance, fatigue, rectal temperature, and loss of appetite
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There may be physiological benefits of decreased heart rate and norepinephrine in athletes rehydrated via IV route
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Postexercise blood 1 hour and 24 hours showed no differences in circulating myoglobin or creatine kinase
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this should be reserved for high-level athletes with strong histories of symptoms in well-monitored settings.
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Mar 15
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Testosterone and metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis study. - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...20807333
Testosterone metabolic syndrome glucose HOMA triglycerides waist circumference HDL men male hormone hormones
![](/images/link.gif)
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Men with metabolic syndrome have lower Testosterone levels when compared to "healthy" individuals. All men with MetS should have a full androgen analysis performed. This meta-analysis of 20 studies found Testosterone therapy reduced fasting glucose, HOMA, triglycerides, waist circumference by Testosterone in men with MetS. This study found that Testosterone therapy increased HDL as well.