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Nathan Goodyear

The intestine and its microflora are partners for the protection of the host: report on... - 0 views

www.ajcn.org/...675.abstract

microflora probiotics probiotic gut bacteria immune system health intesting

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Sep 11 - No Cached
  • The intestine is the primary immune organ of the body represented by the gut-associated lymphoid tissue through innate and acquired immunity
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Sep 11
     
    The balance of our gut bacteria are critical to the health of our immune system and thus the health of the whole body
Nathan Goodyear

Divergence of gut permeability and mucosal immune gene expression in two glut... - 0 views

fulltextreports.com/...disease-and-gluten-sensitivity

Gluten sensitivity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 May 11 - No Cached
  • GS as a condition associated with prevalent gluten-induced activation of innate, rather than adaptive, immune responses in the absence of detectable changes in mucosal barrier function.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 May 11
     
    Gluten sensitivity a result of the innate immunity
Nathan Goodyear

Role of Antibiotics and Fungal Microbiota in Driving Pulmonary Allergic Responses -- No... - 0 views

iai.asm.org/...4996

antibiotics infection immunity immune system allergy asthma GI gut tract

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jun 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jun 11
     
    Amazing study that displays how the environment in the gut can effect the immune system in the lung.
Nathan Goodyear

ScienceDirect - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S1044579X17300366

Cancer immunotherapy immune system acid alkaline immunomodulation

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 16 Nov 18 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 16 Nov 18
     
    Awesome read on the immune system and cancer. Specifically, the acid/base environment in the local cancer bed and its effects on the immune system and therapies.
Nathan Goodyear

Immuno-oncology: understanding the function and dysfunction of the immune system in cancer - 0 views

academic.oup.com/...185182

immune system immune-oncology cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jun 19 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jun 19
     
    Great review of the immune system and cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

Abrogation of the Negative Influence of Opioids on IL-2 Immunotherapy of Renal Cell Can... - 0 views

www.karger.com/...20263

cancer Melatonin IL-2 opiates morphine immune system

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Jun 18 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 Jun 18
     
    only abstract available here to general public.  Opiates suprress the immune system.  This is an important point in the fight against cancer. Cancer is, in part, the result of signficant immune imbalance.  In this study of patients with Renal Cell Cancer, melatonin + IL-2 was found to counter this immunosuppressive effect of morphine to increase partial response and to increase the 3 year survival.
Nathan Goodyear

Development of PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway in Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Treatment for No... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...srep13110

PD-1 cancer check point inhibitors PD-L1 CLTA-4 immunotherapy

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 18 - No Cached
  • the lack of immunologic control is recognized as a hallmark of cancer currently
  • Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 play a key role in tumor immune escape and the formation of tumor microenvironment, closely related with tumor generation and development
  • Blockading the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway could reverse the tumor microenvironment and enhance the endogenous antitumor immune responses.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • environmental factors, living habits, genetic mutations, dysfunction of the immune system and so on
  • special tumor immune microenvironment
  • cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CLTA-4), Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligands PD-L1 (B7H1) and PD-L2 (B7-DC)
  • CTLA-4 regulates T cell activity in the early stage predominantly, and PD-1 mainly limits the activity of T-cell in the tumor microenvironment at later stage of tumor growth
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 18
     
    PD-1 to read.
Nathan Goodyear

Role of IL-2 in cancer immunotherapy: OncoImmunology: Vol 5, No 6 - 1 views

www.tandfonline.com/...2162402X.2016.1163462

IL-2 cancer immune system

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 17 Apr 18 - No Cached
  • IL-2 is one of the key cytokines with pleiotropic effects on the immune system
  • IL-2 as “T-cell growth factor”
  • approved for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (1992) and later for metastatic melanoma (1998) by FDA
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • It is produced predominately by antigen-simulated CD4+ T cells, while it can also be produced by CD8+ cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and activated dendritic cells (DC)
  • IL-2 is an important factor for the maintenance of CD4+ regulatory T cells
  • plays a critical role in the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into a variety of subsets
  • It can promote CD8+ T-cell and NK cell cytotoxicity activity, and modulate T-cell differentiation programs in response to antigen, promoting naive CD4+ T-cell differentiation into T helper-1 (Th1) and T helper-2 (Th2) cells while inhibiting T helper-17 (Th17) differentiation
  • Of note, Tregs, which act to dampen the immune response, constitutively express high levels of α chain
  • IL-2Rα is unique to IL-2 and is expressed by a number of immune cells including T regulatory cells (Treg), activated CD4+ and CD8+T cells, B cells, mature DCs, endothelial cells
  • some investigators evaluated the efficacy of regimens containing low-dose IL-2
  • IL-2 can promote the activation and cell growth of T and NK cells
  • Unfortunately, not all of patients would benefit from targeted therapy and nearly all patients who initially respond to targeted inhibitors inevitably develop acquired resistance to the treatment
  • IL-2 also stimulates T-regulatory cells that constitutively express CTLA-4 and can suppress immune reactions. Hence, IL-2 might enhance antitumor reactivity in the presence of CTLA-4 blockade
  • both HD and low-dose IL-2 therapy preferentially induce the expansion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg and the Treg level remains elevated after each cycle of HD IL-2 therapy
  • Due to rapid elimination and metabolism via the kidney, IL-2 has a short serum half-life of several minutes
  • HD IL-2-induced severe toxicities including vascular leak syndrome (VLS), pulmonary edema, hypotension, and heart toxicities
  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Apr 18
     
    Great historical and functional role of IL-2 in the fight against cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

Therapeutic hyperthermia: The old, the new, and the upcoming - Critical Reviews in Onco... - 1 views

www.croh-online.com/...fulltext

hyperthermia hyperthermic therapy cancer oncology

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Aug 18 - No Cached
  • not well understood, but it is felt to be a combination of both heat-induced necrosis and of protein inactivation (e.g., repair enzymes) as opposed to DNA damage
  • alterations in tumor cytoskeletal and membrane structures, which disrupt cell motility and intracellular signal transduction
  • A common explanation for HT-enhancement of RT and CT involves inhibition of homologous recombination repair of double-strand DNA breaks, preventing cells from repairing sub-lethal damage
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • it does appear to inhibit rejoining of RT-induced DNA breaks more than is commonly observed after RT alone
  • HT damages cells and enhances RT and CT sensitivity as a function of both temperature and duration of treatment
  • as temperature or duration increase, the rate of cell killing also increases
  • At temperatures above 42 °C, tumor vasculature is damaged, resulting in decreased blood flow
  • Cancer cells are particularly vulnerable to heating; in vivo studies have shown that temperatures in the range of 40–44 °C cause more selective damage to tumor cells
  • cancerous blood vessels are chaotic, leaky, and inefficient
  • selective cytotoxic effect on tumor cells include inhibition of key cancer cell-signaling pathways such as AKT, inducing apoptosis, suppression of cancer stem cell proliferation, and others
  • increase in immunological attacks against tumors after HT, which were believed to be achieved through activation of HSPs and subsequent modulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses against tumor cells
  • HT does lead to activation of the immune system and HSP-induced cell death through modification of the tumor cell surface
  • These HSPs and tumor antigens are taken up by dendritic cells and macrophages and go on to induce specific anti-tumor immunity
  • In vivo studies demonstrate HT-enhancement of NK cell activity, and HT has been shown to increase neutrophilic granulocytes with anti-tumor activity
  • it has become increasingly clear that HT results in immune stimulation, through both direct heat-mediated cell killing as well as innate and adaptive immune system modulation
  • The term hyperthermia is used in this review to refer to heating within the clinically accepted range of 40–45 °C
  • temperatures above 42.5–43 °C the exposure time can be halved with each 1 °C increase while maintaining equivalent cell killing
  • gradual heating at 43 °C for 1 h worked through an apoptotic pathway
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Aug 18
     
    Comprehensive review of hyperthemic therapy.
Nathan Goodyear

Longitudinal analysis shows durable and broad immune memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC8095229

COVID COVID19 COVID-19

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jul 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jul 21
     
    Only natural immunity through infection provides the most durable B and T cells for long-term immunity. Vaccinations miss the mark.
Nathan Goodyear

Tumor Microenvironment as A "Game Changer" in Cancer Radiotherapy - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC6650939

immune escape tumor microenvironment TME radiation abscopal effect

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Feb 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Feb 21
     
    Radiation can have immune activating effects or immune suppressing effects in the TME.
Nathan Goodyear

Low-dose Interleukin-2 in the Treatment of Autoimmune Disease | touchONCOLOGY - 0 views

www.touchoncology.com/...2-treatment-autoimmune-disease

cancer autoimmune disease Tregs Treg cells Treg immune system disease IL-2

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Apr 18 - No Cached
Amol kashikar liked it
  • affect approximately 5 to 8 % of the US population
  • the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases are rising
  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) account for the majority of the patients with autoimmune diseases
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • Autoimmune diseases are characterized by a breakdown of mechanisms that allow the immune system to distinguish between self and nonself and maintain immunologic self-tolerance
  • Tregs, which are important in the maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance.
  • Several subtypes of Tregs exist, the most well studied being CD4+ cells that express high-level CD25 and the transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)
  • Treg deficiency or dysfunction is associated with autoimmune disease
  • In clinical studies, decreased levels of circulating CD25+CD4+ T cells have been reported in patients with autoimmune disease
  • These data have led to the hypothesis that augmentation of Tregs may be a useful therapeutic strategy in autoimmune disease
  • Treg augmentation has resulted in clinical improvements in numerous animal models of autoimmune diseases
  • the administration of in vitro expanded CD4+CD25highCD127-Tregs has been found to be safe and may help to preserve β-cell function in children with T1D
  • ability of IL-2 to augment the numbers and function of CD4+ Tregs.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Apr 18
     
    Great article.  Immune dysfunction plays role in autoimmune disease and cancer.  Treg cells sit at the center of autoimmunity.  This artice highlights the different uses: low dose IL2 therapy to augment Tregs and reduce autoinflammation and high dose IL2 to augment Treg cells in the fight against cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

Boosting immune system against cancer by melatonin: A mechanistic T viewpoint - 0 views

www.researchgate.net/...in-A-mechanistic-viewpoint.pdf

immune system immunotherapy melatonin cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Feb 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Feb 21
     
    Another incredible read on the mechanism behind the action of melatonin. From the immune stimulating of NK, T lymphocytes...to the decrease int he Tregs and cancer associated fibroblasts in the TME.
Nathan Goodyear

A novel mechanism of lung cancer inhibition by methionine enkephalin through remodeling... - 0 views

www.researchgate.net/..._of_the_tumor_microenvironment

M2 macrophages M1 macrophages cancer MET-enkephalins TME MET-5 tumor microenvironment

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Aug 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Aug 21
     
    MENK increased the infiltration of M1-type macrophages, natural killer cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and dendritic cells into the TME, and decreased the proportion of myeloid inhibitory cells and M2-type macrophages. Plays particular role in preventing immune escape and immune dysfunction paramount to cancer metastasis
Nathan Goodyear

The role of melatonin in the cells of the innate immunity: a review - Calvo - 2013 - Jo... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...jpi.12075

melatonin innate immunity NK-kappaB NK cells innate immune system T cells

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 17 Nov 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Nov 21
     
    Melatonin is a powerful stimulant to the innate immune system.
Nathan Goodyear

The Role of Vitamin C in Human Immunity and Its Treatment Potential Against COVID-19: A... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC9925039

COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 COVID WBC ascorbic acid vitamin C

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23 - No Cached
  • vitamins A, B, C, E, B6, B12, folate, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium
  • White blood cells, including neutrophils and monocytes, accumulate concentrations of vitamin C up to 100 times greater than that of plasma
  • Vitamin C is a crucial component of both the innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific) portions of the immune system
  • ...52 more annotations...
  • play a role during the initial chemotactic response of neutrophils shortly after infection
  • following vitamin C supplementation, a 20% increase in neutrophil chemotactic activity was observed
  • also contributes to the phagocytosis and killing of microbes by neutrophils
  • low levels of vitamin C occurring in high-stress situations
  • maturation, proliferation, and viability of T cells have all been shown to be upregulated by the presence of normal physiologic concentrations of vitamin C
  • Vitamin C has been shown to directly affect the number of Igs released from B cells
  • vitamin C among healthy young adult males showed a significant increase in serum levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM
  • effects of high-dose vitamin C on cytokine levels in cancer patients, finding decreased amounts of the cytokines Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-2, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) after high-dose vitamin C infusion
  • when vitamin C was supplemented with vitamin E in healthy adults, it increased the production of cytokines IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha
  • vitamin C acts to modulate the levels of cytokines to prevent them from fluctuating in either direction
  • vitamin C also acts as an important antioxidant to the cells of the immune system.
  • human leukocytes, neutrophils, in particular, possess the ability to transport the oxidized form of vitamin C across its membrane to use as a defense mechanism against ROS produced during an immune response
  • Vitamin C also can recover other endogenous antioxidants in the body such as vitamin E and glutathione, returning them to their active state
  • vitamin C can decrease the activation of NF-kB
  • can reduce harmful nitrogen-based compounds such as N-nitrosamines and nitrosamides, both of which are carcinogenic 
  • subjects taking oral vitamin C supplementation saw a 60% to 90% reduction in oxidative stress compared to a placebo control
  • subjects infused with vitamin C alone had a 516% increase in glutathione levels compared to subjects not provided the 500 mg daily supplementation
  • hydroxylating proline and lysine
  • mature and stabilize the tissue of a healing wound
  • healing
  • oral surgery
  • improved soft tissue regeneration
  • vitamin C increases the mRNA levels of type I and type III collagen in the human dermis
  • Studies have demonstrated that those with low levels of vitamin C are at a significantly higher risk of respiratory infection compared to those with normal levels
  • viral cold duration was reduced by about 8% in adults and 13.5% in children using prophylactic daily doses of 200 mg of oral vitamin C
  • prophylactically supplementing vitamin C decreases the risk of infection with respiratory viruses such as the common cold
  • combined with probiotics, oral vitamin C supplementation showed a 33% decrease in the incidence of respiratory tract infections in preschool-age children [
  • high-dose oral supplementation of vitamin C managed to prevent or reduce symptoms if taken before or just after the onset of cold- or flu-like symptoms
  • improvements in oxygen saturation and decreased IL-6 levels (a marker of inflammation) in the treatment group compared to the control group
  • 8 g doses of oral vitamin C
  • there is a negative correlation between age and serum levels of vitamin C
  • Patients with COVID-19 will likely also experience depletion in serum levels of vitamin C as a direct result of the upregulation of the immune system to combat the infection
  • Colunga et al. suggested that oral vitamin C can be combined with oral Quercetin, an antiviral flavonoid, to improve Quercetin’s ability to block viral membrane fusion of SARS-CoV-2
  • high doses of 1-2 g/day of oral vitamin C could prevent other upper respiratory infections
  • It appears vitamin C supplementation by itself does not provide a striking benefit in preventing COVID-19 infection for those without a deficiency
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      Flawed statement. What is normal? Vitamin D. Many variables effect levels and dose, including the two compartment kinetics and absorption.
  • Hiedra et al. were able to show decreases in inflammatory biomarkers, such as D-dimer and ferritin
  • some evidence to support that prophylactic use of vitamin C helps reduce the severity of respiratory infection symptoms once a subject has already been infected
  • oral vitamin C in combination with zinc provided the largest amount of antibody titers 42 days
  • linear relationship between days of vitamin C therapy and survival duration
  • other studies were unable to find any definitive improvement concerning therapy with vitamin C
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      Either these studies are designed to fail or the authors are lacking some basic understanding of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with vitamin C.
  • Fowler et al. aimed to see if a high-dose vitamin C infusion would benefit patients affected by ARDS, but they were unable to conclude that vitamin C infusion, compared to a placebo, could decrease vascular inflammation and damage in ARDS
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      At what dose, duration, frequency???
  • in a sample of 67 COVID-19-positive ICU patients, 82% of them displayed plasma vitamin C levels below 0.4 mg/dL
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      They are kind of make the point from my earlier note.
  • continuous vitamin C infusion at a rate of 60 mg/kg/day for four days decreased the need for mechanical ventilation and vasopressor use but had no significant effect on overall mortality
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      Again, designed to fail or ignorance designed the study which failed
  • Carr et al. suggested that high-dose IV vitamin C is most effective when treating sepsis as septic patients receiving the normal daily recommendations through diet still showed decreased vitamin C levels
  • High-dose IV vitamin C treatment has also been shown by Kakodkar et al. to decrease syndecan-1, an endothelial glycocalyx that contributes to mortality in septic patients
  • combined with hydrocortisone and thiamine, septic patients treated with 1.5 g of IV vitamin C every six hours showed a distinct decrease in their SOFA scores and none of the patients treated developed organ failure
  • combined with hydrocortisone and thiamine, septic patients treated with 1.5 g of IV vitamin C every six hours showed a distinct decrease in their SOFA scores and none of the patients treated developed organ failure
  • reduced overall mortality
  • reduced overall mortality
  • propose the use for high-dose vitamin C to aid in the treatment of septic shock-induced hypotension
  • treatment of severe sepsis using a high dose (up to 200 mg/kg/day) of IV vitamin C was explored in phase I, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial by Fowler et al. [75]. Their findings included a reduction in SOFA scores and decreased vascular injury compared to a placebo control group, all while showing minimal adverse side effects
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      High dose here is laughable. Again, duration and frequency also.
  • Maintaining a daily intake of 75 and 100 mg for men and women, respectively, as recommended by the U.S. Institute of Medicine
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      This recommendation is FRANK IGNORANCE
Nathan Goodyear

Molecular Control of Immune/Inflammatory Responses: Interactions Between Nucl... - 0 views

edrv.endojournals.org/...435.long

progesterone NK macrophage T cell activity inflammation immune system

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Nov 12
     
    Benefits of progesterone, are in part, due to its function on the immune system.  Progesterone shown to decrease T cell activity, macrophage activity and NK cell activity.  Aside, NK cell activity has been found to be increased in those with recurrent first trimester miscarriages and progesterone defects.  So, low progesterone allows for a rise in NK cell activity and inflammation that is detrimental to a developing pregnancy.  If that is the case in pregnancy, what about the rest of the body?
Nathan Goodyear

Innate Immune Pathway Links Obesity to Insulin Resistance - 0 views

circres.ahajournals.org/...1531.full

insulin resistance FFA obesity innate immune system TLR4 NF-kappaB inflammation cytokines inflammatory

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Dec 11
     
    insulin resistance leads to excess FFA, obesity and activation of the innate immune signaling.  This uses TLR4  and stimulates NF-KappaB transcription.  The result is inflammation and associated inflammatory disease conditions.
Nathan Goodyear

Dysregulated Innate Immune Responses in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: ... - 0 views

mercola.fileburst.com/...europsych%20--%20Jyonouchi.pdf

autism ASD LPS inflammation innate immune system gut gastrointestinal

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jan 12
     
    Dysfunctions of the innate immune system, in the gastrointestinal system, in children with autism found. LPS found to be involved. Again, revealing a gut-brain connection in autism.
Nathan Goodyear

Complement System: Biology of the Immune System: Merck Manual Professional - 0 views

www.merckmanuals.com/...complement_system.html

complement system complements immune

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Jul 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Jul 14
     
    nice diagram of the complement system.  Important role in how the immune system fights infection.
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