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Nathan Goodyear

PLOS ONE: Probiotic Microbes Sustain Youthful Serum Testosterone Levels and Testicular ... - 0 views

journals.plos.org/...article

hormone hormones low T low Testosterone hypogonadism Testosterone probiotic L reuters probiotics Lactobacillus lactobacillus reuteri male aging

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Studies in both humans and rodents, however, suggest that low testosterone is due to age-related lesions in testes rather than irregular luteinizing hormone metabolism
  • Various dietary factors and diet-induced obesity have been shown to increase the risk for late onset male hypogonadism and low testosterone production in both humans and mice
  • Testosterone deficiency and metabolic diseases such as obesity appear to inter-digitate in complex cause-and-effect relationships
  • ...28 more annotations...
  • dietary supplementation of aged mice with the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri makes them appear to be younger than their matched untreated sibling mice
  • These results indicate that gut microbiota induce modulation of local gastrointestinal immunity resulting in systemic effects on the immune system which activate metabolic pathways that restore tissue homeostasis and overall health
  • all these studies we consistently observed that young and aged mice consuming purified L. reuteri organisms had particularly large testes and a dominant male behavior.
  • The testes of probiotic-fed aged mice were rescued from both seminiferous tubule atrophy and interstitial Leydig cell area reduction typical of the normal aging process. Preservation of testicular architecture despite advanced age or high-fat diet coincided with remarkably high levels of circulating testosterone. The beneficial effects of probiotic consumption were recapitulated by the depletion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-17.
  • feeding of L. reuteri consistently increased the gonadal weights, consumption of a non-pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli) K12 organisms did not affect testicular weight
  • mice with dietary L. reuteri supplements were rescued from diet-induced obesity and had normal body weight and lean physique
  • Despite the comparable numbers of ST profiles, we determined that testes from L. reuteri-treated mice had increased ST cross-sectioned profiles
  • the probiotic organism induced prominent Leydig cell accumulations in the interstitial tissue between the ST's
  • The probiotic-associated increase of interstitial Leydig cell areas was sustained with advancing age at 7 (CD vs CD+LR, P = 0.0025; CD+E.coli vs CD+LR, P = 0.0251) and 12 months
  • mice eating L. reuteri had profoundly increased levels of circulating testosterone regardless of the type of diet they consumed
  • blocking pro-inflammatory Il-17 signaling entirely recapitulates the beneficial effects of probiotics
  • previous studies we found that dietary probiotics counteract obesity [19] and age-related integumentary pathology [18] at least in part by down-regulating systemic pro-inflammatory IL-17A-dependent signaling
  • Testes histomorphometry and serum androgen concentration data were both suggestive of a probiotic-associated up-regulation of spermatogenesis in mice
  • Lactobacillus reuteri we discovered that aging male animals had larger testes compared to their age-matched controls
  • xamined testes of probiotic microbe-fed mice and found that they had less testicular atrophy coinciding with higher levels of circulating testosterone compared to their age-matched controls
  • Similar testicular health benefits were produced using systemic depletion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-17 alone, implicating a chronic inflammatory pathway in hypogonadism
  • One specific aspect of this paradigm is reciprocal activities of pro-inflammatory Th-17 and anti-inflammatory Treg cells
  • Feeding of L. reuteri organisms was previously shown to up-regulate IL-10 levels and reduce levels of IL-17 [19] serving to lower systemic inflammation
  • insufficient levels of IL-10 may increase the risk for autoimmunity, obesity, and other inflammatory disease syndromes
  • Westernized diets are also low in vitamin D, a nutrient that when present normally works together with IL-10 to protect against inflammatory disorders
  • Physiological feedback loops apparently exist between microbes, host hormones, and immunity
  • The hormone testosterone has been shown to act directly through androgen receptors on CD4+ cells to increase IL-10 expression
  • studies in both humans and rodents suggest that hypogonadism is due to age-related lesions in testes rather than irregular LH metabolism
  • We postulate that probiotic gut microbes function symbiotically with their mammalian hosts to impart immune homeostasis to maintain systemic and testicular health [34]–[35] despite suboptimal dietary conditions.
  • Dietary factors and diet-induced obesity were previously shown to increase risk for age-associated male hypogonadism, reduced spermatogenesis, and low testosterone production in both humans and mice [2]–[4], [8]–[11], [14]–[17], phenotypic features that in this study were inhibited by oral probiotic therapy absent milk sugars, extra protein, or vitamin D supplied in yogurt.
  • Similar beneficial effects of probiotic microbes on testosterone levels and sperm indices were reported in male mice that had been simultaneously supplemented with selenium
  • L. reuteri-associated prevention of age- and diet-related testicular atrophy correlates with increased numbers and size of Leydig cells
  • the initial changes of testicular atrophy begin to occur in mice from the age of 6 moths onwards [7] and indicates that the trophic effect of L. reuteri on Leydig cells is a key event which precedes and prevents age-related changes in the testes of mice. This effect is reminiscent of earlier studies describing Leydig cell hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in the mouse and the rat testis that were achievable by the administration of gonadotropins, including human chorionic gonadotropin, FSH and LH
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15
     
    Fascinating study on how the addition of Lactobacillus reuteri increased Testicular size, prevented testicular atrophy, increased serum Testosterone production and protected against diet-induced/obesity-induced hypogonadism.  This was a mouse model
Nathan Goodyear

Psychological stress may induce increased humoral ... [Behav Med. 2000] - PubMed result - 1 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...11209594

stress immunity immune system psychological

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Jan 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Jan 11
     
    stress alters immune system
Nathan Goodyear

Function and Activation of NF-kappaB in the Immune System - Annual Review of Immunology... - 0 views

www.annualreviews.org/...annurev.iy.12.040194.001041

NF-KappaB Immune System

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Mar 11
     
    NF-KappaB and activation of the Immune System
Nathan Goodyear

IN THIS ISSUE - The Journal of Immunology - 0 views

www.jimmunol.org/...5155.short

Immune system thymus immunity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • t has been suggested that increased permeability of intestinal epithelial tight junctions (TJ) in these diseases is mediated by proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1β,
  • Al-Sadi et al. (p. 5653 ) hypothesized that myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), which is known to be important for intestinal TJ permeability, could mediate IL-1β-induced disruption of the epithelial barrier
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Mar 11
     
    Heavy article on immune system activation
Nathan Goodyear

The managed immune system: protecting the womb to delay the tomb - 0 views

het.sagepub.com/...129.abstract

immune system disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 23 Mar 11
     
    discussion of immune system dysfunction in children and disease development
Nathan Goodyear

Immune-Enhancing Role of Vitamin C and Zinc and Effect on Clinical Conditions - 0 views

content.karger.com/...produkte.asp

vitamin C zinc Immune-Enhancing common cold

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Sep 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Sep 11
     
    vitamin C and Zinc shown to improve immune system function and reduce the effects of the common cold and other illnesses
Nathan Goodyear

Anatomical basis of tolerance and immunity to intestinal antigens : Abstract : Nature R... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...nri1057.html

Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue MALT intestinal immune system gut

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Sep 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Sep 11
     
    review of the physiology of the intestinal immune system
Nathan Goodyear

Molecular Control of Immune/Inflammatory Responses: Interactions Between Nucl... - 0 views

edrv.endojournals.org/...435.full

NF-kappaB immune system inflammation

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Jul 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Jul 11
     
    anything and everything you would want to know about NF-kappaB and its dramatic effects on the immune system
Nathan Goodyear

The effects of β-glucan on human immune and cancer cells - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2704234

beta-glucan cancer immune system

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 May 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 May 14
     
    Beta-glucan's effect on the immune system and cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

Immune modulating effects of ... [Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2010] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...20842027

beta-glucan cancer immune system

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 May 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 May 14
     
    Beta-glucans stimulate immune activity and thus their benefit in cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

Differential pathways regulating innate and adaptive antitumor immune respons... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3128477

beta-glucan immune system cancer cells

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 May 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 May 14
     
    beta glucans stimulate both innate and adaptive immune system to attack tumor cells.
Nathan Goodyear

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Home Page - 0 views

www.ajog.org/...fulltext

"Vaginal mesh" immune system

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 31 Aug 18 - No Cached
  • M1 macrophages are characterized by the secretion of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and can be identified via the cell surface marker CD86
  • M2 macrophages secrete growth factors and antiinflammatory immune modulators and can be identified by the cell surface marker CD206
  • an overzealous M2 response can also lead to excess tissue deposition and fibrosis
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • Studies of similar meshes that are used in hernia repair have demonstrated that all polypropylene meshes induce a prolonged inflammatory response at the site of implantation
  • the long-term presence of activated inflammatory cells, such as macrophages at the mesh tissue interface, can impact negatively the ability of the mesh to function as intended.
  • All M1 proinflammatory and M2 proremodeling cytokines and chemokines were increased in mesh explants as compared with nonmesh tissue (Table 3Table 3), which indicated a robust, active, and ongoing host response to polypropylene long after implantation
  • Comparison of the ratio of the M2 proremodeling cytokines (IL-10+IL-4) with the M1 proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α+IL-12p70) revealed a decrease in mesh explants as compared with controls (P = .003), which indicated a shift towards a proinflammatory profile.
  • Mesh explants contained a higher number of total cells/×200 field when compared with controls (682.46 ± 142.61 cells vs 441.63 ± 126.13 cells; P < .001) and a lower ratio of M2:M1 macrophages (0.260 ± 0.161 cells vs 1.772 ± 1.919; P = .001), which supported an ongoing proinflammatory response.
  • the host response was proportional to the amount of material in contact with the host
  • A persistent foreign body response was observed in mesh-tissue complexes that were excised from women who required surgical excision of mesh months to years after mesh implantation
  • The host response was characterized by a predominance of macrophages with an increase in both proinflammatory and proremodeling cytokines/chemokines along with increased tissue degradation, as evidenced by increased MMP-2 and -9
  • Mesh-tissue complexes removed for mesh exposure had increased pro–MMP-9 that indicated a proinflammatory and tissue destruction–type response
  • The presence of macrophages, elevated cytokines, chemokines, and MMPs in tissue-mesh complexes that were excised from patients with exposure or pain suggests that polypropylene mesh elicits an ongoing host inflammatory response
  • In the presence of a permanent foreign body, the implant is surrounded with a fibrotic capsule because it cannot be degraded
  • For hernia meshes, if the fibers are too close (<1 mm), the fibrotic response to neighboring fibers overlaps, or “bridges,” and results in “bridging fibrosis” or encapsulation of the mesh
  • Gynemesh PS has a highly unstable geometry when loaded that resulted in pore collapse and increasing stiffness of the product
  • mesh shrinkage (50-70%) has been described to occur after transvaginal insertion of prolapse meshes
  • Nathan Goodyear on 31 Aug 18
     
    Mesh and the abnormal immune response.
Nathan Goodyear

Paradoxical effects of obesity on T cell function during tumor progression and PD-1 che... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC6324991

cancer immune system immune-oncology obesity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jun 19 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jun 19
     
    Obesity is not the immune systems friend when it comes to cancer. Why does conventional medicine always look at things through the prism of the effects for drugs and not on the patient, carcinogenesis...
Nathan Goodyear

IL-2: The First Effective Immunotherapy for Human Cancer | The Journal of Immunology - 0 views

www.jimmunol.org/...5451

cancer IL-2 Treg immune system immunology

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 17 Apr 18 - No Cached
  • IL-2 is a 15.5-kDa cytokine secreted predominately by Ag-simulated CD4+ T cells, but it can also be produced by CD8+ cells, NK cells, and activated dendritic cells
  • IL-2 is the predominant factor responsible for the maintenance of CD4+ regulatory T cells
  • A generalized capillary leak syndrome was induced by IL-2 in vivo that resulted in interstitial pulmonary infiltrates and substantial weight gain in patients
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • The side effects were transient and returned to baseline following treatment
  • Tumors do not express IL-2 receptors and thus the antitumor activity was the result of IL-2 stimulation of immune cell
  • Patients with metastatic melanoma or metastatic renal cell cancer were uniquely responsive to high-dose IL-2 administration, and except for patients with advanced non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (35) only rare responses were seen in patients with other tumor types
  • The underlying toxicity of IL-2 results from a capillary leak that leads to fluid extravasation into visceral organs that can compromise their function
  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Apr 18
     
    Great review of the history of IL-2 in the treatment of cancer.  IL-2 stimulates the immune system to attack cancer.  Don't reinvent the wheel; use what is already present and available.
Nathan Goodyear

TGFβ drives immune evasion in genetically reconstituted colon cancer metastas... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...nature25492

TGF-beta cancer immune system colon cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Apr 18 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Apr 18
     
    Study finds that TGF-beta signaling is the primary means of tumor immune evasion in colon cancer
Nathan Goodyear

Does the Immune System Naturally Protect Against Cancer? - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4026755

cancer immune system

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Apr 18 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Apr 18
     
    Great read on the innate and humoral immune systems and the cancer immunosurveillance hypothesis.
Nathan Goodyear

The psychoneuroendocrine-immunotherapy of cancer: Historical evolution and clinical res... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC5426095

cancer melatonin immunotherapy

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 May 18 - No Cached
  • It is known that immune system-induced destruction of cancer cells is mainly mediated by T cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+) and NK cells (CD16+), respectively, through an antigen-specific and an antigen nonspecific cytotoxicity
  • NK cells are mainly stimulated by IL-2 released by T helper-1 (TH1) lymphocytes (CD4+) while T cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+) are namely under a stimulatory control released by IL-12 produced by the dendritic cells
  • On the other hand, the anticancer immunity is inhibited by the activation of the macrophage system through the production of suppressive cytokines, such as IL-6 and T regulatory (T reg) lymphocytes (CD4+CD25+), which counteract the anticancer immunity by producing immunosuppressive cytokines inhibiting the secretion of both IL-2 and IL-12, including TGF-beta and IL-10, or by a direct cell-cell contact
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 May 18
     
    to be read review of melatonin in cancer treatment.
Nathan Goodyear

Vitamin C and Immune Function - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC5707683

vitamin C immune system

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 31 Mar 20 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 31 Mar 20
     
    Good review of vitamin C's effects on the immune system and those dis-ease states associated with low vitamin C levels
Nathan Goodyear

Melatonin, immune function, and cancer - 0 views

core.ac.uk/...32624333.pdf

melatonin immune system immunotherapy NK cells IL-2 LDN cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Feb 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Feb 21
     
    Great read on the broad immune effects of melatonin in the treatment of cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

Evidence for Aerosol Transfer of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Humoral Immunity | ImmunoHorizons ... - 0 views

journals.aai.org/...Aerosol-Transfer-of-SARS-CoV-2

passive immunity COVID SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Aug 23 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Aug 23
     
    Passive immune transfer of Abs
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