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Nathan Goodyear

Immune responses to malignancies - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3721350

cancer immune system

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Apr 18 - No Cached
  • increased densities of T-cell infiltrates with a high proportion of CD8+ T cells within primary colorectal carcinomas were associated with a significant protection against tumor recurrence
  • coexpression of genes mediating cytotoxicity and TH1 adaptive immune responses accurately predicted survival in patients with colorectal carcinoma independently of the metastatic status.
  • tumor-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • tumor-associated antigens (TAs)
  • Proinflammatory cytokines secreted by inflammatory cells can contribute to tumor progression, and soluble factors produced by the tumor in response to nonspecific or tumor-specific signals, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), adenosine, or TGF-β, downregulate functions of immune cells
  • they are largely ineffective in arresting tumor growth, although they can proliferate and mediate antitumor cytotoxicity on their removal from the tumor bed and ex vivo IL-2 activation.42
  • DCs (HLA-DR+CD86+CD80+CD14−) are nature’s best APCs
  • They are a common component of tumor immune infiltrates and are responsible for the uptake, processing, and cross-presentation of TAs to naive or memory T cells, thus playing a crucial role in the generation of tumor-specific effector T cells
  • DCs control the induction of Treg cells. In patients with cancer, cellular interactions between antigen-presenting DCs and T cells lead to expansion and accumulation of Treg cells at the tumor site and in the periphery
  • NK cells (CD3−CD56+CD16+), which mediate innate immunity and contain both perforin-rich and granzyme-rich granules, are well equipped to mediate lysis of tumor cells
  • B cells (CD19+, CD20+) are also rare in most human tumors, with the exception of breast cancer and melanoma
  • The initial acute inflammation involving the recruitment and influx of antitumor effector cells is replaced by chronic inflammation in later stages of tumor progression
  • Tissue hypoxia plays a major role in shaping the nature of immune infiltrates in tumors
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Apr 18
     
    Another great review of the immune system during different stages of carcinogenesis; how the cancer manipulates the immue system to cloak itself from the immune system.
Nathan Goodyear

Principles of innate and adaptive immunity - Immunobiology - NCBI Bookshelf - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...NBK27090

immune system immune system innate immunity adaptive immunity humoral innate adaptive immunity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jan 13
     
    good basic review of the immune system.
Nathan Goodyear

Toll-like receptor signaling links dietary fatty acids to the metabolic syndrome - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3099529

TLR toll-like receptors toll-like receptors fatty acids fat metabolic syndrome obesity overweight inflammation dietary

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Activation of the innate immune system controls macronutrient metabolism
  • the innate immune response is the first line of defense against invading pathogens, wherein highly conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are recognized by cognate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs
  • many studies have supported the idea that cytokine signaling directly promotes insulin resistance
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • innate immune system may be causally linked to obesity
  • adipose tissue contains a substantial population of macrophages, and macrophage-driven adipose inflammation contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of obesity
  • Collectively, activation of the innate immune system is strongly associated with ASCVD, insulin resistance, and obesity, and recent evidence suggests that much of this association can be traced to a unique family of PRRs known as TLRs
  • TLRs are a family of type I transmembrane receptors, currently thought to comprise at least 13 members in mammals, that specifically recognize a variety of microbial PAMPs and trigger host cellular responses
  • Free SFAs have indeed been demonstrated to elicit TLR4-dependent and TLR2-dependent responses in several cell types.
  • Endogenous SFAs released from adipocytes activate cocultured macrophages via TLR4 [18], indicating the potential for cellular crosstalk in adipose tissue. Collectively, there is a growing body of evidence that SFAs promote, whereas long chain PUFA antagonize, TLR4-dependent and TLR2-dependent signaling in multiple cell models
  • In an elegant study, Shi et al. [16] demonstrated that SFAs activate TLR4-dependent signaling in both macrophages and adipocytes, and mice lacking TLR4 are protected against insulin resistance driven by intravenous lipid infusion
  • In addition to effects in macrophages and adipocytes, SFAs can activate TLR4 in the hypothalamus, which triggers a central inflammatory response that results in resistance to anorexigenic signals
  • endogenous SFAs can indeed promote innate immunity and inflammatory disease
  • This finding strongly supports the work of Hwang and coworkers [19–22] demonstrating that ω-3 PUFAs can effectively counteract SFA-induced TLR4 activation in cultured macrophages and dendritic cells.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Oct 12
     
    high dietary fatty acids linked to metabolic syndrome through TLR.
Nathan Goodyear

The role of melatonin in the cells of the innate immunity: a review - Calvo - 2013 - Jo... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...jpi.12075

melatonin innate immunity NK-kappaB NK cells innate immune system T cells

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 17 Nov 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Nov 21
     
    Melatonin is a powerful stimulant to the innate immune system.
Nathan Goodyear

Lipopolysaccharide activates an innate immune system response in human adipose tissue i... - 0 views

ajpendo.physiology.org/...E740.long

LPS lipopolysaccharides diabetes type II diabetes metabolic endotoxemia inflammation innate immune system immune system obesity human

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jan 13
     
    Lipopolysaccharide induces innate immune system activation resulting in type II diabetes and obesity.
Nathan Goodyear

Dysregulated Innate Immune Responses in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: ... - 0 views

mercola.fileburst.com/...europsych%20--%20Jyonouchi.pdf

autism ASD LPS inflammation innate immune system gut gastrointestinal

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jan 12
     
    Dysfunctions of the innate immune system, in the gastrointestinal system, in children with autism found. LPS found to be involved. Again, revealing a gut-brain connection in autism.
Nathan Goodyear

Obesity, innate immunity and gut inflammation : Current Opinion in Gastroenterology - 0 views

journals.lww.com/...y_and_gut_inflammation.13.aspx

obesity immunity gut inflammation innate immune system

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Dec 11
     
    gut inflammation contributes to obesity through the innate immune pathways.
Nathan Goodyear

Innate Immune Pathway Links Obesity to Insulin Resistance - 0 views

circres.ahajournals.org/...1531.full

insulin resistance FFA obesity innate immune system TLR4 NF-kappaB inflammation cytokines inflammatory

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Dec 11
     
    insulin resistance leads to excess FFA, obesity and activation of the innate immune signaling.  This uses TLR4  and stimulates NF-KappaB transcription.  The result is inflammation and associated inflammatory disease conditions.
Nathan Goodyear

VITAMIN A, INFECTION, AND IMMUNE FUNCTION* - Annual Review of Nutrition, 21(1):167 - 0 views

www.annualreviews.org/...annurev.nutr.21.1.167

vitamin A immune system

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 May 11 - No Cached
  • Vitamin A deficiency impairs innate immunity
  • Vitamin A is also required for adaptive immunity
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 May 11
     
    Vitamin A very important in proper immune development and immune function
Nathan Goodyear

Intraperitoneal Oxidative Stress in Rabbits with Papillomavirus-Associated Head and Nec... - 0 views

clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/...4289.long

Ozone cancer COX-2 immunotherapy NK cells NK

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Nov 18 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Nov 18
     
    O2-O3 triggers tumoricidal immune response after application of a repetitive highly oxidative stimulus by insufflation of a medical O3/O2 gas mixture into the peritoneal cavity in animal model. O3/O2-PP treatment, indicates an enhanced activation of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, implicating a role of activated TILs In the anti cancer effects of the O3. Interestingly, COX2 expression was decreased.
Nathan Goodyear

Differential pathways regulating innate and adaptive antitumor immune respons... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3128477

beta-glucan immune system cancer cells

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 May 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 May 14
     
    beta glucans stimulate both innate and adaptive immune system to attack tumor cells.
Nathan Goodyear

Tumor regionalization after surgery: Roles of the tumor microenvironment and neutrophil... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...s12276-022-00784-2

TME NETosis metastasis surgery cancer tumor microenvironment

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • tumor surgery must be carefully considered because the risk of metastasis could be increased by the surgical procedure.
  • NETosis, which is the process of forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)
  • surgery-induced metastasis
  • ...61 more annotations...
  • surgery per se can promote cancer metastasis through a series of local and systemic events
  • surgery results in a serious wound that disrupts the structural barrier preventing the outspreading of cancer cells, change the properties of the cancer cells and stromal cells remaining in the tumor microenvironment, or impairs the host defense systems against cancers
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 23 Apr 23
       
      Key point; add to presentation on surgery and metastasis
  • After the primary tumor is surgically removed, the metastases can start to grow vigorously via neoangiogenesis because the circulating inhibitors disappear
  • infection and inflammation during the postoperative period have been reported to increase the risk of cancer recurrence in patients
  • Surgeons have long suspected that surgery, even if it is a necessary step in cancer treatment, facilitates cancer metastasis
  • Surgery-induced cancer metastasis has been well established in animal models
  • tumor cell dissemination, tumor-favoring immune responses, and neoangiogenesis
  • the surgical resection of primary tumors is beneficial is controversial
  • CTCs abruptly increase just after surgery
  • Even externally palpitating tumors for diagnosis could increase the numbers of CTCs in skin cancer and breast cancer
  • excessive glucocorticoids negatively modulate immune functions
  • immune surveillance against tumors is considered to be impaired by surgical stress
  • In addition to glucocorticoids, during stimulation of the HPA axis, the catecholamine hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine are released from the adrenal medulla
  • NK cell suppression may be attributed to increased levels of catecholamines as well as glucocorticoids
  • In mice bearing a primary tumor, it was observed that the removal of the primary tumor facilitated the growth of highly vascularized metastases
  • primary tumors may secrete angiogenic inhibitors as well as angiogenic activators
  • second phase of tumor recurrence and metastasis, which are newly acquired events, rather than just outcomes of incomplete treatment.
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 23 Apr 23
       
      Another key point
  • double-edged sword
  • HIF-1 in neutrophils plays a critical role in NETosis and bacteria-killing activity
  • neutrophils play various roles in the initiation and progression of cancer
  • NETosis
  • many inflammatory and neoplastic diseases
  • formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are large extracellular complexes composed of chromatin and cytoplasmic/granular proteins1
  • NETosis has been highlighted as an inflammatory event that promotes cancer metastasis
  • Once activated, neutrophils produce intracellular precursors by using DNA, histones, and granular and cytoplasmic proteins and then spread the mature form of NETs out around themselves
  • A series of these events is called NETosis.
  • neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, cathepsin G, proteinase 3, lactoferrin, gelatinase, lysozyme C, calprotectin, neutrophil defensins, and cathelicidins
  • innate immune response against infection
  • Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granulocytes, comprising 40–70% of all white blood cells
  • two types of NEToses, suicidal (or lytic) NETosis and vital NETosis
  • Suicidal NETosis mainly depends on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
  • Since neutrophils die during this process, it is called suicidal NETosis.
  • vital NETosis
  • vital NETosis occurs independently of ROS production
  • Vital NETosis can be induced by Gram-negative bacteria. LPS
  • NETs are present in a variety of cancers, such as lung cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer, and leukemia
  • neutrophils actively undergo NETosis in the tumor microenvironment
  • Hypoxia
  • NETosis plays a pivotal role in noninfectious autoimmune diseases,
  • cytokines
  • tumor-derived proteases
  • tumor exosomes
  • NETosis generally actively progresses in the tumor microenvironment.
  • the proliferative cytokines TGFβ and IL-10 and the angiogenic factor VEGF are representative of neutrophil-derived tissue repair proteins.
  • NETosis is a defense system to protect the body from invading pathogens
  • when neutrophils are excessively stimulated, they produce excess NETs, thereby leading to pathological consequences
  • plasma levels of NETosis markers are elevated after major surgeries
  • local invasion, intravasation into the blood or lymphatic vessels, escape from the immune system, anchoring to capillaries in target organs, extravasation into the organs, transformation from dormant cells to proliferating cells, colonization to micrometastases, and growth to macrometastases
  • NETs promote metastasis at multiple steps
  • NETs loosen the ECM and capillary wall to promote the intravasation of cancer cells
  • NETs and platelets wrap CTCs, which protects them from attack by immune cells and shearing force by blood flow
  • NETs promote the local invasion of cancer cells by degrading the extracellular matrix (ECM)
  • neutrophil elastase, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and cathepsin G
  • NETs also promote the intravasation of cancer cells
  • millions of tumor cells are released into the circulation every day,
  • NETs can wrap up CTCs with platelets
  • β1-integrin plays an important role in the interaction between CTCs and NETs
  • NET-platelet-CTC aggregates.
  • After metastasizing to distant tissues, tumor cells are often found to remain dormant for a period of time and unexpectedly regrow late
  • NETs are believed to participate in the reactivation of dormant cancer cells in metastatic regions
  • NET-associated proteases NE and MMP-9 were found to be responsible for the reactivation of dormant cancer cells
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 23
     
    Surgery induced metastasis: it is real and steered by NETosis.
Nathan Goodyear

Therapeutic hyperthermia: The old, the new, and the upcoming - Critical Reviews in Onco... - 1 views

www.croh-online.com/...fulltext

hyperthermia hyperthermic therapy cancer oncology

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Aug 18 - No Cached
  • not well understood, but it is felt to be a combination of both heat-induced necrosis and of protein inactivation (e.g., repair enzymes) as opposed to DNA damage
  • alterations in tumor cytoskeletal and membrane structures, which disrupt cell motility and intracellular signal transduction
  • A common explanation for HT-enhancement of RT and CT involves inhibition of homologous recombination repair of double-strand DNA breaks, preventing cells from repairing sub-lethal damage
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • it does appear to inhibit rejoining of RT-induced DNA breaks more than is commonly observed after RT alone
  • HT damages cells and enhances RT and CT sensitivity as a function of both temperature and duration of treatment
  • as temperature or duration increase, the rate of cell killing also increases
  • At temperatures above 42 °C, tumor vasculature is damaged, resulting in decreased blood flow
  • Cancer cells are particularly vulnerable to heating; in vivo studies have shown that temperatures in the range of 40–44 °C cause more selective damage to tumor cells
  • cancerous blood vessels are chaotic, leaky, and inefficient
  • selective cytotoxic effect on tumor cells include inhibition of key cancer cell-signaling pathways such as AKT, inducing apoptosis, suppression of cancer stem cell proliferation, and others
  • increase in immunological attacks against tumors after HT, which were believed to be achieved through activation of HSPs and subsequent modulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses against tumor cells
  • HT does lead to activation of the immune system and HSP-induced cell death through modification of the tumor cell surface
  • These HSPs and tumor antigens are taken up by dendritic cells and macrophages and go on to induce specific anti-tumor immunity
  • In vivo studies demonstrate HT-enhancement of NK cell activity, and HT has been shown to increase neutrophilic granulocytes with anti-tumor activity
  • it has become increasingly clear that HT results in immune stimulation, through both direct heat-mediated cell killing as well as innate and adaptive immune system modulation
  • The term hyperthermia is used in this review to refer to heating within the clinically accepted range of 40–45 °C
  • temperatures above 42.5–43 °C the exposure time can be halved with each 1 °C increase while maintaining equivalent cell killing
  • gradual heating at 43 °C for 1 h worked through an apoptotic pathway
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Aug 18
     
    Comprehensive review of hyperthemic therapy.
Nathan Goodyear

iNOS (NOS2) at a Glance - 0 views

jcs.biologists.org/...2865.full.pdf

LPS iNOS NOS2 inflammation innate immune system NO

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Dec 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Dec 12
     
    good review of the role of iNOS and NO in the innate immune system and inflammatory cascade.
Nathan Goodyear

Does the Immune System Naturally Protect Against Cancer? - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4026755

cancer immune system

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Apr 18 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Apr 18
     
    Great read on the innate and humoral immune systems and the cancer immunosurveillance hypothesis.
Nathan Goodyear

Scopus - Document details - 0 views

www.scopus.com/...display.url

cancer immune system NK cells NK natural killer cells innate

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jun 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jun 14
     
    Stress decreases the innate immune response.  This is critical in the battle against cancer.  Specifically, low NK activity is found in stress individuals with cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

The intestine and its microflora are partners for the protection of the host: report on... - 0 views

www.ajcn.org/...675.abstract

microflora probiotics probiotic gut bacteria immune system health intesting

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Sep 11 - No Cached
  • The intestine is the primary immune organ of the body represented by the gut-associated lymphoid tissue through innate and acquired immunity
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Sep 11
     
    The balance of our gut bacteria are critical to the health of our immune system and thus the health of the whole body
Nathan Goodyear

The Role of Vitamin C in Human Immunity and Its Treatment Potential Against COVID-19: A... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC9925039

COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 COVID WBC ascorbic acid vitamin C

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23 - No Cached
  • vitamins A, B, C, E, B6, B12, folate, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium
  • White blood cells, including neutrophils and monocytes, accumulate concentrations of vitamin C up to 100 times greater than that of plasma
  • Vitamin C is a crucial component of both the innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific) portions of the immune system
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  • play a role during the initial chemotactic response of neutrophils shortly after infection
  • following vitamin C supplementation, a 20% increase in neutrophil chemotactic activity was observed
  • also contributes to the phagocytosis and killing of microbes by neutrophils
  • low levels of vitamin C occurring in high-stress situations
  • maturation, proliferation, and viability of T cells have all been shown to be upregulated by the presence of normal physiologic concentrations of vitamin C
  • Vitamin C has been shown to directly affect the number of Igs released from B cells
  • vitamin C among healthy young adult males showed a significant increase in serum levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM
  • effects of high-dose vitamin C on cytokine levels in cancer patients, finding decreased amounts of the cytokines Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-2, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) after high-dose vitamin C infusion
  • when vitamin C was supplemented with vitamin E in healthy adults, it increased the production of cytokines IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha
  • vitamin C acts to modulate the levels of cytokines to prevent them from fluctuating in either direction
  • vitamin C also acts as an important antioxidant to the cells of the immune system.
  • human leukocytes, neutrophils, in particular, possess the ability to transport the oxidized form of vitamin C across its membrane to use as a defense mechanism against ROS produced during an immune response
  • Vitamin C also can recover other endogenous antioxidants in the body such as vitamin E and glutathione, returning them to their active state
  • vitamin C can decrease the activation of NF-kB
  • can reduce harmful nitrogen-based compounds such as N-nitrosamines and nitrosamides, both of which are carcinogenic 
  • subjects taking oral vitamin C supplementation saw a 60% to 90% reduction in oxidative stress compared to a placebo control
  • subjects infused with vitamin C alone had a 516% increase in glutathione levels compared to subjects not provided the 500 mg daily supplementation
  • hydroxylating proline and lysine
  • mature and stabilize the tissue of a healing wound
  • healing
  • oral surgery
  • improved soft tissue regeneration
  • vitamin C increases the mRNA levels of type I and type III collagen in the human dermis
  • Studies have demonstrated that those with low levels of vitamin C are at a significantly higher risk of respiratory infection compared to those with normal levels
  • viral cold duration was reduced by about 8% in adults and 13.5% in children using prophylactic daily doses of 200 mg of oral vitamin C
  • prophylactically supplementing vitamin C decreases the risk of infection with respiratory viruses such as the common cold
  • combined with probiotics, oral vitamin C supplementation showed a 33% decrease in the incidence of respiratory tract infections in preschool-age children [
  • high-dose oral supplementation of vitamin C managed to prevent or reduce symptoms if taken before or just after the onset of cold- or flu-like symptoms
  • improvements in oxygen saturation and decreased IL-6 levels (a marker of inflammation) in the treatment group compared to the control group
  • 8 g doses of oral vitamin C
  • there is a negative correlation between age and serum levels of vitamin C
  • Patients with COVID-19 will likely also experience depletion in serum levels of vitamin C as a direct result of the upregulation of the immune system to combat the infection
  • Colunga et al. suggested that oral vitamin C can be combined with oral Quercetin, an antiviral flavonoid, to improve Quercetin’s ability to block viral membrane fusion of SARS-CoV-2
  • high doses of 1-2 g/day of oral vitamin C could prevent other upper respiratory infections
  • It appears vitamin C supplementation by itself does not provide a striking benefit in preventing COVID-19 infection for those without a deficiency
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      Flawed statement. What is normal? Vitamin D. Many variables effect levels and dose, including the two compartment kinetics and absorption.
  • Hiedra et al. were able to show decreases in inflammatory biomarkers, such as D-dimer and ferritin
  • some evidence to support that prophylactic use of vitamin C helps reduce the severity of respiratory infection symptoms once a subject has already been infected
  • oral vitamin C in combination with zinc provided the largest amount of antibody titers 42 days
  • linear relationship between days of vitamin C therapy and survival duration
  • other studies were unable to find any definitive improvement concerning therapy with vitamin C
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      Either these studies are designed to fail or the authors are lacking some basic understanding of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with vitamin C.
  • Fowler et al. aimed to see if a high-dose vitamin C infusion would benefit patients affected by ARDS, but they were unable to conclude that vitamin C infusion, compared to a placebo, could decrease vascular inflammation and damage in ARDS
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      At what dose, duration, frequency???
  • in a sample of 67 COVID-19-positive ICU patients, 82% of them displayed plasma vitamin C levels below 0.4 mg/dL
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      They are kind of make the point from my earlier note.
  • continuous vitamin C infusion at a rate of 60 mg/kg/day for four days decreased the need for mechanical ventilation and vasopressor use but had no significant effect on overall mortality
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      Again, designed to fail or ignorance designed the study which failed
  • Carr et al. suggested that high-dose IV vitamin C is most effective when treating sepsis as septic patients receiving the normal daily recommendations through diet still showed decreased vitamin C levels
  • High-dose IV vitamin C treatment has also been shown by Kakodkar et al. to decrease syndecan-1, an endothelial glycocalyx that contributes to mortality in septic patients
  • combined with hydrocortisone and thiamine, septic patients treated with 1.5 g of IV vitamin C every six hours showed a distinct decrease in their SOFA scores and none of the patients treated developed organ failure
  • combined with hydrocortisone and thiamine, septic patients treated with 1.5 g of IV vitamin C every six hours showed a distinct decrease in their SOFA scores and none of the patients treated developed organ failure
  • reduced overall mortality
  • reduced overall mortality
  • propose the use for high-dose vitamin C to aid in the treatment of septic shock-induced hypotension
  • treatment of severe sepsis using a high dose (up to 200 mg/kg/day) of IV vitamin C was explored in phase I, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial by Fowler et al. [75]. Their findings included a reduction in SOFA scores and decreased vascular injury compared to a placebo control group, all while showing minimal adverse side effects
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      High dose here is laughable. Again, duration and frequency also.
  • Maintaining a daily intake of 75 and 100 mg for men and women, respectively, as recommended by the U.S. Institute of Medicine
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      This recommendation is FRANK IGNORANCE
Nathan Goodyear

Toll-like receptors in innate immunity - 0 views

intimm.oxfordjournals.org/...1.full

Toll-like receptors Toll-like receptors TLRs innate immune system immunity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jun 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jun 14
     
    Great review of Toll-like receptors.
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