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Nathan Goodyear

Diet-induced obesity and low testosterone increase neuroinflammation and impair neural ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4190446

Testosterone neuroinflammation glia insulin resistance obesity diabetes brain CNS PNS inflammation low T low Testosterone TNF-alpha IL-1beta

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • both obesity and low testosterone are also risk factors for neural dysfunction, including cognitive impairment [58–61] and development of AD
  • Levels of obesity and testosterone are often inversely correlated
  • diet-induced obesity causes significant metabolic disturbances and impairs central and peripheral nervous systems.
  • ...23 more annotations...
  • both obesity and low testosterone are linked with promotion of inflammatory pathways [70–72] and exert harmful actions on the central [73–75] and peripheral [29,76] nervous systems
  • In general, obesity-related changes were worsened by low testosterone and improved by testosterone treatment; however, this relationship was not statistically significant in several instances. Further, our data suggest that a common pathway that may contribute to obesity and testosterone effects is regulation of inflammation
  • fasting blood glucose levels were independently and additively increased by GDX-induced testosterone depletion and high-fat diet
  • testosterone treatment significantly reduced fasting glucose under both the normal and high-fat diets, demonstrating potential therapeutic efficacy of testosterone supplementation
  • fasting insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA index), and glucose tolerance, low testosterone tended to exacerbate and or testosterone treatment improved outcomes.
  • testosterone status did not significantly affect body weight
  • testosterone’s effects likely do not indicate an indirect result on adiposity but rather regulatory action(s) on other aspects of metabolic homeostasis
  • Prior work in rodents has shown diet-induced obesity induces insulin resistance in rat brain [63] and that testosterone replacement improves insulin sensitivity in obese rats [64]. Our findings are consistent with the human literature, which indicates that (i) testosterone levels are inversely correlated to insulin resistance and T2D in healthy [30,65] as well as obese men [66], and (ii) androgen therapy can improve some metabolic measures in overweight men with low testosterone
  • it has been shown that TNFα has inhibitory effects on neuron survival, differentiation, and neurite outgrowth
  • Our data demonstrate that low testosterone and obesity independently increased cerebrocortical mRNA levels of both TNFα and IL-1β
  • Testosterone status also affected metabolic and neural measures
  • many beneficial effects of testosterone, including inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine expression
  • neuroprotection [80,81], are dependent upon androgen receptors, the observed effects of testosterone in this study may involve androgen receptor activation
  • testosterone can be converted by the enzyme aromatase into estradiol, which is also known to exert anti-inflammatory [82] and neuroprotective [83] actions
  • glia are the primary sources of proinflammatory molecules in the CNS
  • poorer survival of neurons grown on glia from mice maintained on high-fat diet
  • Since testosterone can affect glial function [86] and improve neuronal growth and survival [87–89], it was unexpected that testosterone status exhibited rather modest effects on neural health indices with the only significant response being an increase in survival in the testosterone-treated, high-fat diet group
  • significantly increased expression of TNFα and IL-1β in glia cultures derived from obese mice
  • testosterone treatment significantly lowered TNFα and IL-1β expression to near basal levels even in obese mice, indicating a protective benefit of testosterone across diet conditions
  • IL-1β treatment has been shown to induce synapse loss and inhibit differentiation of neurons
  • Testosterone status and diet-induced obesity were associated with significant regulation of macrophage infiltration
  • testosterone prevented and/or restored thermal nociception in both diet groups
  • a possible mechanism by which obesity and testosterone levels may affect the health of both CNS and PNS
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 15
     
    Study points to obesity and low Testosterone contribution of neuroinflammation.  No effect of body weight was seen with TRT.  This animal model found similar positive effects of TRT in insulin sensitivity.  Obesity and low T increase inflammatory cytokine production: this study found an increase in TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and TRT reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta to near base-line.  Testosterone is neuroprotective and this study reviewed the small volume of evaded that pointed to benefit from estradiol.  Testosterone's effect on glial survival was positive but not significant.  Obesity and low T were found to be associated with increased macrophage infiltration in the PNS with increased TNF-alpha and IL-1beta.   Testosterone therapy improved peripheral neuropathy via its positive effects on nocicieption.
Nathan Goodyear

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor functions as a metabotrophin to mediate the effects o... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2805663

BDNF hippocampus memory brain MAPK

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Nov 13
     
    BDNF increased metabolic biomarkers, MAPK, in hippocampus.  This has implications in the treatment of learning disorders.  Exercise has consistently been shown to be the most significant mechanism to increase BDNF.
Nathan Goodyear

Brain foods: the effects of nutrients on brain function - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2805706

brain food nutrition cognition

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Nov 13
     
    Just a great article on the interaction between food, gut and the brain.
Nathan Goodyear

Relationships between diet-related changes in the gut microbiome and cognitive flexibility - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0306452215004480

gut gut flora gut microbiome gut microbiota gut-brain sugar diet nutrition learning memory

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jun 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jun 15
     
    High dietary sugar intake alters gut bacteria (increased Clostridia sp. and decrease Bacteroidetes sp).  This resulted in decreased memory learning and memory in rat study.  
Nathan Goodyear

A Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi-System Regeneration, Enhanced Cognit... - 0 views

www.cell.com/...S1550-4131(15)00224-7

intermittent fasting disease health wellness aging diabetes CVD cancer metabolism fasting

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Jul 15
     
    Intermittent fasting decreased biomarkers for aging, diabetes, CVD, and cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

ω-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation as a Potential Therapeutic Aid for the Recover... - 0 views

advances.nutrition.org/...268.full

omega 3 DHA EPA fish oil TBI traumatic brain injury concussions concussion brain injury

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • There is a growing body of preclinical literature suggesting that ω-3 FAs, and DHA in particular, may play a therapeutic role in mTBI
  • the potential for ameliorating or possibly even preventing the complications associated with concussions
  • DHA is the predominant ω-3 FA present in the brain, and, consistent with this finding, DHA, and not EPA, has been demonstrated to be critical for brain development and cognitive function throughout life
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  • the concentration of EPA in the brain is negligible (77–80), suggesting that EPA plays a limited role in mediating the beneficial effects of LCPUFA supplementation on mTBI pathology
  • the current state of the science regarding LCPUFA supplementation for the treatment of concussion is based primarily on animal models
  • there is evidence that the amount of DHA in brain tissue is decreased after mTBI (65, 66), suggesting an elevated need for DHA in mTBI recovery.
  • the well-established role of DHA in supporting the structure and function of the brain throughout the lifespan (26, 27, 46, 47, 53) provides encouragement that LCPUFAs may also prove beneficial in the context of concussion recovery.
  • no therapies are currently available to aid the recovery from this injury
  • Previously discussed reports outlining the use of ω-3 FAs in the recovery from severe TBIs (reviewed in Ref. 92) described the use of very-high doses of LCPUFAs (16.2 g/d EPA plus DHA) in the recovery of these patients
  • Within the context of mTBIs/concussions, translating a DHA intake used in several rat studies of mTBI recovery (40 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ d−1 DHA) (57, 63, 64) using body surface area conversion methods (93) amounts to an estimated human intake of 387 mg/d DHA
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Aug 15
     
    nice review of the evidence of n-3, particularily DHA, in concussions and concussion recovery.
Nathan Goodyear

PLOS ONE: Depletion of Brain Docosahexaenoic Acid Impairs Recovery from Traumatic Brain... - 0 views

journals.plos.org/...article

DHA TBI traumatic brain injury omega 3 brain injury brain omega-3

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 31 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • The polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic (LA, 18:2n-6) and linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3) are essential fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the body.
  • LNA serves as the precursor for long chain omega-3 fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) while LA is converted into long chain omega-6 fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (AA)
  • DHA and AA are abundantly found in the brain, where these are stored mainly in membrane phospholipids
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  • DHA has been shown to increase neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis, and promotes glutamatergic neurotransmission through increase in glutamate receptor subunit expression
  • DHA has been shown to be converted to anti-inflammatory, proresolving and neuroprotective mediators, such as resolvins [7] and protectins
  • AA is converted by cyclooxygenases into 2-series prostaglandins and 4-series leukotrienes, most of which exert pro-inflammatory effects
  • Supplementation of DHA exerts neuroprotective effects and has been reported to afford protection from diffuse axonal injury [11] and mixed brain injury [12] as well
  • severe depletion of membrane DHA in the brain renders mice significantly more susceptible to TBI and impairs recovery following the injury
  • Omega-3 fatty acids may serve as nutraceutical agents and precondition the brain to make it more resilient to injury
  • it can be suggested that enriching DHA in the brain may be prophylactic and protective against brain injury
  • severe DHA deficiency in the brain impairs functional recovery from TBI in terms of vestibulo-motor and cognitive deficits
  • DHA deficiency further elevates TBI-induced production of SBDPs
  • less neurons were found around the injury site of DHA deficient brain after TBI compared to the omega-3 fatty acid adequate group
  • Nathan Goodyear on 31 Aug 15
     
    mouse study finds prolonged recovery in DHA deficient mice compared to controls.
Nathan Goodyear

Omega-3 Fats Critical to Brain Health After Traumatic Injury and Surgery - 0 views

www.issfal.org/...r-traumatic-injury-and-surgery

omega 3 omega-3 DHA EPA TBI memory cognition inflammation traumatic brain injury brain injury brain

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 31 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 31 Aug 15
     
    Just the press release, but DHA and EPA found to improve nerve cell survival, reduce neuroinflammation and decrease oxidative stress via "resolvins"
Nathan Goodyear

Salivary Testosterone and a Trinucleotide (CAG) Length Polymorphism in the Androgen Rec... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2825741

CAG androgen receptors AR androgen receptor Testosterone hormone hormones male men

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Jun 15 - No Cached
  • Testosterone correlated inversely with participant age (r = −0.39, p = 0.012) and positively with number of CAG repeats
  • transactivation potential of the AR appears to decline in graded relation to an increasing number of CAG repeats, which are distributed over a normative range of 11–37 and, in Caucasian populations, commonly average 21–22 repeats
  • When activated by androgens, ARs translocate to the cell nucleus, where they exert transcriptional control of androgen-dependent genes by binding to androgen response elements within gene regulatory sequences
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • some evidence suggests a high number of CAG repeats may be associated with cognitive aging
  • androgens (like other steroid hormones) promote or repress the expression of genes specifying an array of cellular proteins
  • diurnal variation in testosterone levels
  • salivary testosterone correlated negatively with participant age and positively with CAG length variation in the AR gene
  • CAG repeat number varied inversely with reactivity of the ventral amygdala to facial expressions of negative affect
  • higher salivary testosterone was likewise associated with a greater number of AR CAG repeats
  • relative androgen insensitivity in ARs with a larger number of CAG repeats
  • Because circulating testosterone is regulated via negative feedback through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, diminished androgen sensitivity at higher CAG repeat lengths may reduce feedback suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH). LH would then be maintained at higher levels, in turn promoting higher testosterone production
  • Testosterone up-regulates AVP expression in the amygdala
  • Oxytocin exerts an inhibitory influence on AVP expression in the central amygdala, and the synthesis of oxytocin is mediated by estrogen and estrogen receptors
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Jun 15
     
    Study used saliva to measure Testosterone levels in men.  Testosterone levels were inversely associated with age, but positively associated with CAG repeat sequences in the AR.
Nathan Goodyear

Sex hormones and cognitive functioning in men. [Neuropsychobiology. 1987] - PubMed result - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...3444523

testosterone DHT saliva salivary testing bioidentical

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Nov 10
     
    saliva testing and male hormones
Nathan Goodyear

JAD - Volume 17, Number 3 - 0 views

www.j-alz.com/...vol17-3.html

Alzheimer's disease chelation cinnamon coffee caffeine

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 Feb 11 - Cached
  • Challenges Associated with Metal Chelation Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease
  • Cinnamon Extract Inhibits Tau Aggregation Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease In Vitro
  • Caffeine Reverses Cognitive Impairment and Decreases Brain Amyloid-β Levels in Aged Alzheimer’s Disease Mice
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  • Caffeine Suppresses Amyloid-β Levels in Plasma and Brain of Alzheimer’s Disease Transgenic Mice
  • Nathan Goodyear on 23 Feb 11
     
    4 abstracts highlighting coffee, cinnamon, and chelation in Alzheimer's prevention and treatment
Nathan Goodyear

Controlled trials of inositol in psychiatry. [Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 1997] - PubMed ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...9169302

inositol

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Jun 11 - No Cached
  • second messenger system important in the brain
  • Cerebrospinal fluid inositol has been reported as decreased in depression
  • hese results suggest that inositol has therapeutic effects in the spectrum of illness responsive to serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitors, including depression, panic and OCD, and is not beneficial in schizophrenia, Alzheimer's ADDH, autism or ECT-induced cognitive impairment.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 Jun 11
     
    brief discussion on biochemistry of inositol and its benefits in depression, panic, and OCD disorders
Nathan Goodyear

Sleep-Disordered Breathing, Hypoxia, and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia... - 0 views

jama.ama-assn.org/...613.full

sleep apnea dementia women

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Aug 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Aug 11
     
    sleep apnea increases dementia risk in older women
Nathan Goodyear

Aluminium Mediated Oxidative Stress : Possible Relationship to Cognitive Impairment of ... - 0 views

annalsofneurosciences.org/...112

Alzheimer aluminium oxidative stress disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Aug 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Aug 11
     
    Aluminum plays role in Alzheimer's disease
Nathan Goodyear

Longitudinal Assessment of Chemotherapy-Induced Alterations in Brain Activation During ... - 0 views

jco.ascopubs.org/...JCO.2013.53.6219.abstract

chemo brain chemotherapy brain cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Jun 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Jun 14
     
    Study reveals negatively altered brain activity, as visualized by functional MRI, after chemotherapy.  This is a small study, but it appears to be the first to prove that "chemo brain" is not just in a patients head--in fact, it is in their brain.
Nathan Goodyear

Behavioral effects of L-alpha-glycer... [Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1992] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...1574535

brain learning memory cognition alpha GPC alpha-GPC l-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Aug 14
     
    animal study finds improvement in learning and memory with alpha-GPC after 20 days of therapy.
Nathan Goodyear

Exercise Induces Hippocampal BDNF through a PGC-1α/FNDC5 Pathway: Cell Metabo... - 0 views

www.cell.com/...S1550-4131(13)00377-X

brain memory focus attention learning exercise BDNF brain derived neurotrophic factor PGC-1alpha irisin FNDC5 hippocampus cognition

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 12 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 12 Aug 14
     
    Brain benefits of exercise explained.  Exercise increases hippocampal BDNF via PGC-1alpha from skeletal muscle.
Nathan Goodyear

Selenium and human health : The Lancet - 0 views

www.thelancet.com/...abstract

Selenium health

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Low selenium status has been associated with increased risk of mortality, poor immune function, and cognitive decline
  • Higher selenium status or selenium supplementation has antiviral effects, is essential for successful male and female reproduction, and reduces the risk of autoimmune thyroid disease.
  • Prospective studies have generally shown some benefit of higher selenium status on the risk of prostate, lung, colorectal, and bladder cancers, but findings from trials have been mixed, which probably emphasises the fact that supplementation will confer benefit only if intake of a nutrient is inadequate
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Nov 14
     
    Selenium is a "U" shaped curve.  Abstract only available here.
Nathan Goodyear

Vitamin E reduces amyloidosis and improves cognitive function in Tg2576 mice following ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...15255955

vitamin E TBI traumatic brain injury brain injury brain

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Feb 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Feb 16
     
    animal model: vitamin E reduced brain lipid oxidation post TBI.
wheelchairindia9

Karman S-Ergo 115 - 0 views

www.wheelchairindia.com/...Karma-S-Ergo-115-Wheelchair

Ergo 115 Wheelchair Ensures Comfortable Ride Ergonomic Manual Wheelchair Ergonomic wheelchairs Karma S Ergo 115 Wheelchair Karma S Ergo 125 Wheelchair Karman S-Ergo 115 Ergonomic Transport Chair

shared by wheelchairindia9 on 17 Feb 16 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 17 Feb 16
     
    Ergonomic wheelchairs have been tested and proven to be effective for relieving pressure throughout the body; this is confirmed by pressure chart mapping. Feeling comfortable on a wheelchair is something every user demands out of their new wheelchair, the ergonomic cushion that is included with the ergonomic series provides a level of comfort that is unparalleled. Ergonomic Transport Wheelchair provides the perfect shape to fit the human body to relieve pressure, increase stabilization, weight distribution and lower the risk of pressure sores and scoliosis. Lightweight Ergonomic Wheelchair features wide arm pads for extra support, folding back rest, detachable swing-away footrests, and a Tube-in Center foot-plate that provides extra support for the leg muscles. This wheelchair can hold up to daily use and is excellent for traveling. Ergonomic features flip-back armrest and swing away footrests. A lightweight frame that is 25 lbs. without footrests and a folding backrest allows easy travel or storage. The chair comes equipped with a padded anti-bacterial upholstery that is comfortable and washable. Karma Ergo Lite 2501 Wheelchair: The extremely lightweight Ergo Lite 2501 Transport Wheelchair weighs only 8.16 kg. and features an ergonomically-designed seat and backrest, making it one of the most comfortable transport chairs on the market. The folding seat and backrest make the S-Ergo ideal for storage or travel, and the built in AEGIS anti-bacterial cushion provides added comfort and support. Despite its light weight, the S-Ergo features a 115 kg. weight capacity along with large, 14" flat-free polyurethane rear tires. Karma Ergo Lite 2501 Wheelchair Features: Lightest transporter on the market! Patented S-Style Ergonomic Seat Frame 6061 T-6 Aircraft-grade Aluminum Only 18 lb . (w/ footrests) Built in Silver Aegis Anti-bacterial Cushion Fixed Armrests w/Concaved Armpads Pocket Behind Backrest & Small Carry Pouch on Each Armrest 6" x 1" Polyurethane
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