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Association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and bone stress fractures in Finnish young men. Ruohola JP, Laaksi I, Ylikomi T, Haataja R, Mattila VM, Sahi T, Tuohimaa P, Pihlajamäki H. J Bone Miner Res. 2006 Sep;21(9):1483-8. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.060607 Conclusions: A lower level of serum 25(OH)D concentration may be a generally predisposing element for bone stress fractures. Considering the obvious need of additional vitamin D in prevention of stress fractures, the effects of vitamin D fortification of foods and supplementation will be subjects of interest for future research PMID: 16939407

Association of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with elevated parathyroid hormone concentrations and low cortical bone density in early pubertal and prepubertal Finnish girls. Cheng S, Tylavsky F, Kröger H, Kärkkäinen M, Lyytikäinen A, Koistinen A, Mahonen A, Alen M, Halleen J, Väänänen K, Lamberg-Allardt C. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Sep;78(3):485-92. Erratum in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jan;83(1):174. PMID: 12936933 CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D-deficient girls have low cortical BMD and high iPTH concentrations, which are consistent with secondary hyperparathyroidism. A low vitamin D concentration accompanied by high bone resorption (TRAP 5b) may limit the accretion of bone mass in young girls.

Teenage girls and elderly women living in northern Europe have low winter vitamin D status. Andersen R, Mølgaard C, Skovgaard LT, Brot C, Cashman KD, Chabros E, Charzewska J, Flynn A, Jakobsen J, Kärkkäinen M, Kiely M, Lamberg-Allardt C, Moreiras O, Natri AM, O'brien M, Rogalska-Niedzwiedz M, Ovesen L. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Apr;59(4):533-41. PMID: 15714215 doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602108 CONCLUSION: Vitamin D status is low in northern Europe during winter. More than one-third of the adolescent girls have vitamin D status below 25 nmol/l and almost all are below 50 nmol/l. Two-thirds of the elderly community-dwelling women have vitamin D status below 50 nmol/l. Use of vitamin D supplements is a significant positive determinant for S-25OHD for both girls and women (P = 0.001). SPONSORSHIP: The European Fifth Framework Programme (Contract No. QLK1-CT-2000-00623)

Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and secondary hyperparathyroidism in middle-aged white strict vegetarians. Lamberg-Allardt C, Kärkkäinen M, Seppänen R, Biström H. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993 Nov;58(5):684-9. PMID: 8237875 In conclusion, white strict vegetarians are at risk of vitamin D deficiency, at least in the winter, primarily because of a low dietary vitamin D intake, despite a normal sunlight exposure in summer. Low serum 25(OH)D concentrations are accompanied by high S-iPTH concentrations, which also are affected by a low calcium intake. The effect of these changes on bone health remains to be evaluated.

A high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in Finnish medical in- and outpatients. Kauppinen-Mäkelin R, Tähtelä R, Löyttyniemi E, Kärkkäinen J, Välimäki MJ. J Intern Med. 2001 Jun;249(6):559-63. PMID: 11422663 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00847.x CONCLUSION: Hypovitaminosis D is very common amongst Finnish in- and outpatients in both sexes, causing secondary hyperparathyroidism in females. More extensive studies are warranted to elucidate the vitamin D status of the Finnish population.

The most common imbalance in the acid-base balance in the industrialized countries is mild chronic metabolic acidosis caused by the diet rich in the animal protein. Proteins are metabolized to organic acids. The typical American diet produces after metabolism approximately 100 meq of acid every day (Barzel 1995). This kind of a diet has been proved to cause aciduria and calciuria as a consequence of acidosis and thus a loss of total calcium of the body (Breslau et al. 1988, Schuette et al. 1980, Licata et al. 1981). Cola drinks that contain phosphoric acid are another acidosis-inducing ingredient of diet, especially among young people (Barzel 1995).

Vitamin D Status and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Death. Kilkkinen A, Knekt P, Aro A, Rissanen H, Marniemi J, Heliövaara M, Impivaara O, Reunanen A. Am J Epidemiol. 2009 Sep 17. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19762371 doi:10.1093/aje/kwp227 A low vitamin D level may be associated with higher risk of a fatal CVD event, particularly cerebrovascular death. These findings need to be replicated in other populations. To demonstrate a causal link between vitamin D and CVD, randomized controlled trials are required.

A prospective nested case-control study of vitamin D status and pancreatic cancer risk in male smokers. Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Vieth R, Azad A, Pietinen P, Taylor PR, Virtamo J, Albanes D. Cancer Res. 2006 Oct 15;66(20):10213-9. PMID: 17047087 doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-1876 Contrary to expectations, subjects with higher prediagnostic vitamin D status had an increased pancreatic cancer risk compared with those with lower status. Our findings need to be replicated in other populations and caution is warranted in their interpretation and implication. Our results are intriguing and may provide clues that further the understanding of the etiology of this highly fatal cancer.

Content of the flavonols quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol in 25 edible berries. Häkkinen SH, Kärenlampi SO, Heinonen IM, Mykkänen HM, Törrönen AR. J Agric Food Chem. 1999 Jun;47(6):2274-9. PMID: 10794622 DOI: 10.1021/jf9811065

Immunomax on vahva immunostimulantti. Immunomax kapselit sisältävät biologisesti aktivoitua sienirihmastovalmistetta. Aktiiviset aineosat, erityisesti polysakkaridit ja glykoproteiinit, tehostavat elimistön puolustusjärjestelmää. Tiedemiehet ovat jo pitkään tutkineet Kaukoidän sieniä löytääkseen niistä elimistön immuunijärjestelmää vahvistavia aineita. Tutkimuksissa shiitakesta eristetty ja biologisesti aktivoitu soluseinän komponentti on osoittautunut tehokkaaksi elimistön puolustusjärjestelmien vahvistajaksi.

Vitamin D supplementation during the first year of life and risk of schizophrenia: a Finnish birth cohort study. McGrath J, Saari K, Hakko H, Jokelainen J, Jones P, Järvelin MR, Chant D, Isohanni M. Schizophr Res. 2004 Apr 1;67(2-3):237-45. PMID: 14984883 Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation during the first year of life is associated with a reduced risk of schizophrenia in males. Preventing hypovitaminosis D during early life may reduce the incidence of schizophrenia.

Antioxidant Supplementation in Atherosclerosis Prevention (ASAP) study: a randomized trial of the effect of vitamins E and C on 3-year progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Salonen JT, Nyyssönen K, Salonen R, Lakka HM, Kaikkonen J, Porkkala-Sarataho E, Voutilainen S, Lakka TA, Rissanen T, Leskinen L, Tuomainen TP, Valkonen VP, Ristonmaa U, Poulsen HE. J Intern Med. 2000 Nov;248(5):377-86. PMID: 11123502 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00752.x Conclusions. Our study shows that a combined supplementation with reasonable doses of both vitamin E and slow-release vitamin C can retard the progression of common carotid atherosclerosis in men. This may imply benefits with regard to other atherosclerosis-based events.

Six-year effect of combined vitamin C and E supplementation on atherosclerotic progression: the Antioxidant Supplementation in Atherosclerosis Prevention (ASAP) Study. Salonen RM, Nyyssönen K, Kaikkonen J, Porkkala-Sarataho E, Voutilainen S, Rissanen TH, Tuomainen TP, Valkonen VP, Ristonmaa U, Lakka HM, Vanharanta M, Salonen JT, Poulsen HE; Antioxidant Supplementation in Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. Circulation. 2003 Feb 25;107(7):947-53. PMID: 12600905 doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000050626.25057.51 Conclusions- These data replicate our 3-year findings confirming that the supplementation with combination of vitamin E and slow-release vitamin C slows down atherosclerotic progression in hypercholesterolemic persons.

Serum Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Hospital Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation in Men. Virtanen JK, Mursu J, Voutilainen S, Tuomainen TP. Circulation. 2009 Dec 8;120(23):2315-21. Epub 2009 Nov 23. PMID: 19933935 doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.852657 Conclusions- An increased concentration of long-chain n-3 PUFAs in serum, a marker of fish or fish oil consumption, may protect against AF. Serum docosahexaenoic acid concentration had the greatest impact

Glycemic index, glycemic load, and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in Finnish men: The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Mursu J, Virtanen JK, Rissanen TH, Tuomainen TP, Nykänen I, Laukkanen JA, Kortelainen R, Voutilainen S. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19836217 doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2009.08.001 Conclusions Our results suggest that both high dietary GI and GL are associated with increased risk of AMI among overweight and GL possibly among less physically active men.

High dietary methionine intake increases the risk of acute coronary events in middle-aged men. Virtanen JK, Voutilainen S, Rissanen TH, Happonen P, Mursu J, Laukkanen JA, Poulsen H, Lakka TA, Salonen JT. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2006 Mar;16(2):113-20. Epub 2005 Nov 2. PMID: 16487911 doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2005.05.005 Conclusions The main finding of this study is that long-term, moderately high dietary methionine intake may increase the risk of acute coronary events in middle-aged Finnish men free of prior CHD. More prospective research is needed to confirm the role of dietary methionine in the development of CVD, and whether its effects are independent of homocysteine.

Lack of association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the subsequent risk of prostate cancer in Finnish men. Faupel-Badger JM, Diaw L, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Woodson K, Tangrea JA. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007 Dec;16(12):2784-6. PMID: 18086789 doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0672

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the risk of ovarian cancer. Toriola AT, Surcel HM, Agborsangaya C, Grankvist K, Tuohimaa P, Toniolo P, Lukanova A, Pukkala E, Lehtinen M. Eur J Cancer. 2009 Aug 25. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19713101 doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2009.08.002 Conclusion Overall, we did not observe a significant association between serum 25-OHD concentrations and the risk of ovarian cancer. However, we found evidence suggestive of an increased risk among women with low to insufficient serum 25-OHD concentrations.