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Aurialie Jublin

Uber's Augmented Workers - Uber Screeds - Medium - 0 views

medium.com/...r-s-fightin-words-d757bcb6362c

uber indépendant

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 01 Mar 16 - No Cached
  • Uber has long claimed it’s a technology company, not a transportation company. Uber’s drivers are promoted as entrepreneurs and classified as independent contractors. The company claims to provide only a platform/app that enables drivers to be connected with passengers; as an intermediary, the company relies on the politics of platforms to elude responsibility as a traditional employer, as well as regulatory regimes designed to govern traditional taxi businesses.
  • Drivers must submit to a system that molds their interactions, controls their behavior, sets and changes rates unilaterally, and is generally structured to minimize the power of driver (“partner”) voices. Drivers make inquiries to outsourced community support representatives that work on Uber’s behalf, but their responses are based on templates or FAQs.
  • Uber uses surge pricing to lure drivers to work at a particular place at a particular time, without guaranteeing the validity of the surge incentive if they do follow it. Surge is produced through an algorithmic assessment of supply and demand and is subject to constant dynamism. The rate that drivers are paid is based on the passenger’s location, not their own. Even when they travel to an active surge zone, they risk receiving passengers at lower or higher surge than is initially advertised, or getting fares from outside the surge zone. Drivers will be locked out of the system for varying periods of time, like 10 minutes, 30 minutes, etc. for declining too many rides. They also get warnings for “manipulating” surge.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Uber drivers are “free” to login or log-out to work at will, but their ability to make choices that benefit their own interests, such as accepting higher-fare passengers, is severely limited.
  • To a significant degree, Uber has successfully automated many of the processes involved in managing a large workforce, comprised of at at least 400 000 active drivers in the U.S. alone, according to Uber’s last public estimate. However, automation is not to be confused with independence. Uber has built a system that leverages significant control over how workers do their jobs, even as that control is structured to be indirect and semi-automated, such as through nudges, algorithmic labor logistics, the rating system, etc.
  • Aurialie Jublin on 01 Mar 16
     
    "Summary Uber has done a lot of things to language to communicate a strong message of distance between itself and its relationship to Uber drivers. Uber insists drivers should be classified as independent contractors, labelled driver-partners, and promoted as entrepreneurs, although the company faces legal challenges over issues of worker misclassification. Beyond its attempts to label work as a type of "sharing" in the so-called "sharing economy," Uber's protracted efforts to celebrate the independence and freedom of drivers have evolved into a sophisticated policy push to design a new classification of worker that would accommodate Uber's business model. The emergent classification, "independent worker," does not acknowledge the significant control Uber leverages over how drivers do their job."
Aurialie Jublin

Apploitation in a city of instaserfs | Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives - 0 views

www.policyalternatives.ca/...apploitation-city-instaserfs

sharing economy economy économie exploitation individu uber emploi plateforme

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 24 Aug 16 - No Cached
  • I signed up for as many sharing economy jobs as I could, but they’re not really jobs. I was never an employee; I was a “partner,” or a “hero” or even a “ninja” depending on the app. Sharing economy companies are just middlemen, connecting independent contractors to customers. When I signed up to work with (not for) these apps, I was essentially starting my own ride-sharing/courier business.
  • We do still have a boss. It just isn’t a person. It’s an algorithm.
  • The standard ride-sharing or courier app’s business model looks something like this:  When introducing your app into a new city, take heavy losses by over-paying drivers and under-charging customers. Offer drivers cash bonuses to get their friends to sign up. Once you’ve got a steady supply of drivers invested in the app, start lowering their pay. 
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • The idea is to reward loyalty and prevent drivers from having Uber and Lyft open at the same time. The thing is, if you’re working 40 or 50 hours a week with one company, that looks a lot less like a gig and a lot more like full-time employment.
  • In Los Angeles, September 2014, a group of Lyft drivers burned their pink mustaches in protest of the pay cuts. These kinds of actions aren’t very common because most of us don’t know our co-workers and there is no physical location to congregate. Lyft doesn’t allow their drivers at the head office. The main place for “sharing economy” workers to connect is through online forums and Facebook groups
  • Yes, people have been kicked off Postmates for complaining. I’ve talked to them. And yes, the official Postmates courier group on Facebook is censored to erase anything that could be perceived as a complaint. But more importantly it’s clear that Postmates is not preparing its workers for the realities of life as an independent contractor. Many are shocked about how much they have to pay in taxes and how little they’re making doing the work. There are plenty of screenshots showing that some are making less than minimum wage.
  • I ended up having to take on all kinds of little expenses like these. It’s part of the risk of starting your own business. That time, I just had to buy a $3 froyo but it can be a lot worse (parking tickets in San Francisco can be over $80). Oftentimes you have to choose between parking illegally or being late with an order.
  • All the risk falls onto the worker and the company is free of liability—despite the placard being an explicit suggestion that it’s okay to break the law if that’s what you’ve got to do to get the order done on time. 
  • Postmates responded by “updating” the app to a “blind system” in which we could still accept or reject jobs, but without enough information to determine whether it would be worth our time or not (e.g., a huge grocery store order). To make sure we accept jobs quickly without analyzing them, the app plays an extremely loud and annoying beeping noise designed specifically to harass couriers into submitting to the algorithm.
  • One of the best companies I worked for is called Washio. I picked up dirty laundry and delivered clean laundry. It was the best paying and least stressful of all the apps I worked with that month because there was no illusion of choice. Washio tells you exactly what to do and you do it. It is simple and honest. But it also betrays the spirit of the independent contractor, and that’s important for a number of reasons.
  • Plenty of people requested that I drop off their food at the door. Customers grow to love apps that make the worker anonymous. That way, you don’t have to feel guilty about having servants.
  • Aurialie Jublin on 24 Aug 16
     
    L'auteur de l'article parle de son expérience du "travail" via l'économie des plateforme.
Aurialie Jublin

Avec Uber et Airbnb, les travailleurs indépendants sont heureux, mais… | Fren... - 0 views

www.frenchweb.fr/...260643

travail indépendant uber économie collaborative chiffre

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 14 Oct 16 - No Cached
  • Les 4 profils d’indépendants Les «free agents», qui ont volontairement choisi de se mettre à leur compte et pour qui le travail indépendant est la première source de revenu, qui représentent 30% des cas.  Les «casual earners», qui ont recours au travail indépendant pour compléter leurs revenus, qui pèsent pour 40% du total. C'est le profil le plus répandu.  Les «reluctants», qui tirent la plus grosse part de leurs revenus du travail indépendant mais qui préfèreraient avoir un poste salarié, 14% des cas.  Et enfin les «financially strapped», contraints d'avoir recours à du travail indépendant en plus d'un autre emploi pour faire face à leurs charges, qui représentent 16% des cas. 
  • le digital et plus particulièrement l'avènement des plateformes ont profondément modifié la façon dont les travailleurs indépendants s'organisent. Accès à une base de clients potentiels bien plus importante, information accessible en temps réel, mises en relation plus pertinentes: les avantages de ces plateformes ont déjà convaincu près de 15% des indépendants, et ce n'est que le début si l'on en croit McKinsey. 
  • En terme de satisfaction au travail, sans surprise les indépendants ayant choisi leur statut volontairement (la majorité des cas donc) sont bien plus satisfaits de leurs conditions de travail que les autres. Parmi les éléments qui poussent les «casual earners» à avoir recours à du travail indépendant en parallèle de leur emploi, on trouve l'autonomie, l'atmosphère de travail, le fait d'être son propre patron, les horaires de travail adaptables et la possibilité de travailler où on le souhaite. 
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • A l'inverse, les travailleurs indépendants qui n'ont pas choisi leur statut déplorent le manque de sécurité des revenus, et un niveau de rémunération qu'ils considèrent comme faible. Ils apprécient en revanche le contenu de leurs missions, leur autonomie, l'atmosphère de travail, ainsi que la flexibilité qui caractérise le travail indépendant (horaires et lieu de travail). 
  • Aurialie Jublin on 14 Oct 16
     
    "Près de 162 millions de travailleurs aux Etats-Unis et en Europe ont aujourd'hui un statut d'indépendant, soit 20 à 30% de la population active dans ces deux zones gégographiques, selon l'étude «Independant work: Choice, necessity, and the gig economy» réalisée par McKinsey. "
Aurialie Jublin

How Freelancers Are Redefining Success To Be About Value, Not Wealth | Co.Exist - 0 views

www.fastcoexist.com/...s-to-be-about-value-not-wealth

pro-perso indépendant individu tictravail bien être temps

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 31 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Time is a new currency, and successful freelancers manage, save, and spend it wisely.
  • Independent workers value community, because collaboration and camaraderie are more than warm and fuzzy feelings--they’re the foundation of success in the emerging independent economy.
  • Freelancers value eating healthy, going to the gym or practicing yoga, meditating to reduce stress, and working in spaces with plenty of light and fresh air. For a freelancer, success in work means being healthy enough--physically and mentally--to enjoy life.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Freelancers are shaping the new economy. As flexible schedules and ubiquitous communication become the norm, the work-life balance that we’ve always struggled for is becoming achievable. As community and teamwork become more necessary than ever to thrive, the lonely, closed-off cubicle will make way for meaningful collaboration. And as the demand for healthy food and workspaces increases, industry will increasingly connect corporate profits and social good.
  • The American workforce is changing, and the definition of success is changing with it. For freelancers, freedom in work, health in life, and community in both are the ticking hands on the new gold watch.
  • Aurialie Jublin on 31 Jan 14
     
    "The old model of slaving for 40 hours a week in exchange for a paycheck is eroding. When you can control your own time, you can control your own well-being--and that might be worth more than money."
Aurialie Jublin

In the Sharing Economy, Workers Find Both Freedom and Uncertainty - NYTimes.com - 0 views

mobile.nytimes.com/...h-freedom-and-uncertainty.html

travail tictravail précarité économie collaborative liberté

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 18 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • In a climate of continuing high unemployment, however, people like Ms. Guidry are less microentrepreneurs than microearners. They often work seven-day weeks, trying to assemble a living wage from a series of one-off gigs. They have little recourse when the services for which they are on call change their business models or pay rates. To reduce the risks, many workers toggle among multiple services.
  • Certainly, it’s a good deal for consumers. Peer marketplaces democratize luxury services by making amateur chauffeurs, chefs and personal assistants available to perform occasional work once largely dominated by full-time professionals. Venture capital firms seem convinced.
  • In July, 9.7 million Americans were unemployed, and an additional 7.5 million were working part-time jobs because they could not find full-time work, according to estimates from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.There are no definitive statistics on how many people work in the gig economy. But according to a report from MBO Partners, a company that provides consulting services to independent contractors, about 17.7 million Americans last year worked more than half time as independent contributors, among them project workers.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Jamie Viggiano, senior director of marketing at TaskRabbit, says the company is trying to improve the situation for its 30,000 contractors in 19 cities in the United States. It recently instituted a sitewide minimum wage of $15 an hour. It also adopted a $1 million insurance policy, covering both clients and contractors, for any property damage or bodily harm that occurs while performing a job. Still, Ms. Viggiano says that “across the industry, we have only scratched the surface of helping freelancers work in the gig economy.”
  • Technology has made online marketplaces possible, creating new opportunities to monetize labor and goods. But some economists say the short-term gig services may erode work compensation in the long term. Mr. Baker, of the Center for Economic and Policy Research, argues that online labor marketplaces are able to drive down costs for consumers by having it both ways: behaving as de facto employers without shouldering the actual cost burdens or liabilities of employing workers.
  • Labor activists say gig enterprises may also end up disempowering workers, degrading their access to fair employment conditions.“These are not jobs, jobs that have any future, jobs that have the possibility of upgrading; this is contingent, arbitrary work,” says Stanley Aronowitz, director of the Center for the Study of Culture, Technology and Work at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. “It might as well be called wage slavery in which all the cards are held, mediated by technology, by the employer, whether it is the intermediary company or the customer.”
  • TaskRabbit has started offering its contractors access to discounted health insurance and accounting services. Lyft has formed a partnership with Freelancers Union, making its drivers eligible for the advocacy group’s health plan and other benefit programs.That may not be enough. Dr. Standing, the labor economist, says workers need formal protections to address the power asymmetries inherent in contingent work. International rules, he says, could endow gig workers with basic entitlements — like the right to organize and the right to due process should companies seek to remove them from their platforms.
  • Aurialie Jublin on 18 Aug 14
     
    Le business de la "sharing economy", c'est encore beaucoup la précarité des "employés".
Aurialie Jublin

What Does A Union Look Like In The Gig Economy? | Fast Company | Business + Innovation - 0 views

www.fastcompany.com/...n-look-like-in-the-gig-economy

digital labor syndicat gig economy protest

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 20 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • Drivers who work on Uber, Lyft, and Sidecar have started "App-Based Drivers Associations" in at least two states. The California branch teamed up with local Teamsters in August for "organizational and lobbying assistance," and in September, after Uber drivers in New York created a Facebook Page called Uber Drivers Network NYC, some of them went on strike over Uber fare cuts.
  • Like it or not, employment in the United States looks different than it did 50 years ago—at least 30% of the workforce are independent contractors, the ratio of part-time workers to full-time workers is still higher than before the recession, and there are 2.87 million temporary workers, a record number. Some argue that the gig economy—comprised of companies like Uber, TaskRabbit, Postmates, and Handy, who coordinate independent contractors on a task-by-task basis instead of hiring employees—is a promising development in this conundrum. It offers flexible supplemental income the regular economy is not supplying. Others argue it’s a return to the piecework system that exploited workers before the modern concept of "employee" came on the scene.
  • Aurialie Jublin on 20 Feb 15
     
    "WITHOUT THE RIGHT TO UNIONIZE, GIG ECONOMY WORKERS RISK EXPLOITATION. BUT ORGANIZING 21RST CENTURY WORKERS IS NO EASY FEAT."
Aurialie Jublin

The new artisans of the network era | Harold Jarche - 0 views

www.jarche.com/...ew-artisans-of-the-network-era

tictravail travail compétence

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 27 May 13 - No Cached
  • Knowledge artisans are amplified versions of their pre-industrial counterparts. Augmented by technology, they rely on their networks and skills to solve complex problems and test new ideas. Small groups of highly productive knowledge artisans are capable of producing goods and services that used to take much larger teams and resources. In addition to redefining how work is done, knowledge artisans are creating new organizational structures and business models, such as virtual companies, crowd-sourced product development, and alternative currencies.
  • Knowledge artisans are often more contractual, more independent and shorter-term than previous information age employees. Because of their more nomadic nature, artisanal workers will bring their own learning networks. Companies will need to accept this in order to get work done. Also, training departments must be ready to adapt to knowledge artisans by allowing them to  collaborate and connect with their external online networks.
  • Aurialie Jublin on 27 May 13
     
    Are knowledge workers the new artisans of the network era? If so, can you call yourself a knowledge worker if you are not allowed to choose your own tools? How about managing your own learning?
abrugiere

Les travailleurs indépendants se sentent majoritairement en bonne santé : Qui... - 0 views

www.journaldunet.com/...1158525-sante

independant freelance

shared by abrugiere on 17 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • abrugiere on 17 Jul 15
     
    les travailleurs indépendants se sentent majoritairement en bonne santé, ils sont peu rassurés sur leur sécurité financière (seulement 37% le sont)
Aurialie Jublin

In the Future, Employees Won't Exist | TechCrunch - 0 views

techcrunch.com/...he-future-employees-wont-exist

travail future dialogue social

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 30 Jun 15 - No Cached
  • Fortunately, dozens of services are popping up to fill this void and support the growing contractor class. Freelancer’s Union offers insurance tailored to the needs of independent workers. Peers.org provides a community to better understand what wages contractors can expect to make. QuickBooks Self-Employed offers financial and tax tools. And there are even digital nomad communities popping up around the globe for those who don’t need to be tethered to one spot and apps like Teleport to help contractors find them. This burgeoning ecosystem is closing the “benefits gap” between employees and contractors. When a person can get insurance, community and financial help without traditional employment, it raises the question: Why be traditionally employed?
Aurialie Jublin

Lessons from converting to no-management company-- in just two days - 1 views

www.fastcolabs.com/...ement-company-in-just-two-days

holocratie autonomie management hiérarchie travail

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 12 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • According to Aaron Dignan, the CEO of the management consultancy Undercurrent in New York, holacracy's minimization of hierarchies enables companies to react faster in the marketplace. His own company converted to holacracy six months ago, and it now works with companies such as GE and American Express. "It's freed us up to be faster and be more adaptive in the long run," he says.
  • Contrary to popular belief, Holacracy does not eliminate hierarchies altogether. Each circle has a designated leader, who has the authority to appoint others into roles within the circle, but changes to the circle's governing policies must be agreed upon by all of its members. Employees may belong to several circles, but no one--not even Dignan--belongs to them all.
  • Undercurrent's new structure has changed how employees' overall responsibilities are assigned. By defining each role in the company independent of job title, it is easier to bundle roles more logically and ensure that employees aren't juggling an unmanageable number of responsibilities. Most employees at Undercurrent, Dignan says, have five to seven discrete roles in their positions.
  • Aurialie Jublin on 12 Mar 14
     
    "Six months ago, a New York-based consulting company named Undercurrent took a dose of its own medicine by becoming a holacracy: the management structure used by GitHub and Zappos. Here's how they did it."
Aurialie Jublin

Entre salariat et indépendance : l'ère des "self-employed" est-elle venue ? - 4 views

www.manpowergroup.fr/employed-salariat-independants

travail indépendant autonomie

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 25 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • Outre-Manche, où les “auto-emplois” représentent près de 15% du paysage de l’emploi, le débat actuel vise surtout à déterminer si ceux-ci sont voulus ou subis, du fait du manque d’alternatives concrètes. Et selon un récent sondage, 72% des personnes qui sont devenues auto-employées au cours de ces cinq dernières années sont satisfaites de leur situation, et la préfèrent à celle d’employé. Conséquence ? Depuis 2010, le nombre de personnes se déclarant indépendantes (freelances, sous-traitants, etc.) a ainsi augmenté de 10%, alors que les celles plus tournées vers l’entrepreneuriat a légèrement baissé. Plus qu’un esprit start-up se généralisant, la tendance révélerait plutôt des relations de travail plus atomisées.
  • Aurialie Jublin on 25 Apr 14
     
    "Depuis 2010, près de la moitié des nouveaux emplois créés au Royaume-Uni sont considérés comme appartenant à "l'auto-emploi". Mais de quoi s'agit-il exactement ? Quelle est leur véritable importance ? Tour d'horizon."
Aurialie Jublin

Le Uber de la restauration débarque à Toulouse. L'indépendance, c'est l'escla... - 0 views

iaata.info/ce-c-est-l-esclavage-1023.html

AE indépendant flexibilité uberisation

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 29 Feb 16 - No Cached
  • Non, Take Eat Easy ne recourt pas à des auto-entrepreneurs.ses pour contourner le droit du travail. Quelle mauvaise langue faut-il être... S’il ne salarie pas ses coursierEs, c’est simplement parce que « 70% [d’entre elleux] sont étudiants ou ont déjà un job à côté » ! Moi qui pensais que l’on pouvait avoir un contrat de travail tout en suivant des études... Mais si la start-up ne fait appel qu’à des prestataires, c’est surtout, surtout par amour de la liberté. « Les coursiers travaillent quand ils veulent, ils apprécient cette flexibilité » C’est beau, la flexibilité... Ça sonne quand-même mieux que « précarité », qui peut prétendre le contraire ? « Et en plus, ils sont payés pour faire leur passion !  » (sic).
  • Il n’est pas obligé d’observer un jour de repos par semaine, de s’ennuyer en congés payés, de cotiser à des mutuelles obligatoires… Bref, il est in-dé-pen-dant. Il s’est renseigné, il peut même crever librement ! Le journal La Tribune a posé la question au CEO. « Qu’avez-vous prévu si [l’unE de vos coursierEs] se retourne contre vous en cas d’accident ? – Nous avons étudié cette question avec nos conseillers juridiques. Normalement, les coursiers ne pourraient pas se retourner contre nous, l’assurance est à leur charge et nous vérifions qu’ils en ont une. »
  • Aurialie Jublin on 29 Feb 16
     
    Une autre vision des livreurs de plats, notamment sur la question l'auto-entrepreneur, un salarié déguisé : "Rien de plus simple (pour prouver le fameux lien de subordination). La jurisprudence a reconnu quelques éléments permettant de déceler les abus :   - Mise à disposition du matériel (Take Eat Easy fournit à Jordan un smartphone, une tenue estampillée du logo de l'entreprise, un sac de livraison et éventuellement un porte bagage) ;   - Instructions spécifiques pour l'exercice d'une activité (Jordan est obligé de livrer en vélo, alors qu'unE clientE ne peut exiger qu'un résultat, et non une méthode pour y parvenir) ;   - Travail au sein d'un service organisé (Jordan s'intègre à une organisation du travail entièrement pensée hors de lui) ;   - Existence d'un système de sanction (les strikes) ;   - Comptes-rendus périodiques (le tracking GPS) ;   - Le fait de n'avoir qu'un seul client ;   - Le fait pour le prestataire de n'avoir ni carte de visite ni adresse email professionnelle ;   - …"
abrugiere

Travailleurs économiquement dépendants : des aliens dans le monde du travail? - 0 views

www.astrees.org/-travail_fr_02_04_art_390.html

slasher independant

shared by abrugiere on 24 Nov 15 - No Cached
  • abrugiere on 24 Nov 15
     
    Parmi les « nouvelles formes de travail » qui s'épanouissent en France et en Europe, le travail indépendant dédié à un très faible nombre de clients - voire souvent un seul - est celui qui aujourd'hui interroge le plus la traditionnelle division entre salariat d'une part et entrepreneuriat de l'autre. Alors que la notion de travail pour des tiers, par opposition à un travail salarié, est très classique - l'on pense ici aux professions libérales, aux agriculteurs - ce qui est nouveau en revanche, est l'extension de ce phénomène au monde de l'entreprise. - See more at: http://www.astrees.org/travailleurs-economiquement-dependants---des-aliens-dans-le-monde-du-travail_fr_02_04_art_390.html#sthash.StYk1W9i.dpuf
Thierry Nabeth

Efficiency up, turnover down: Sweden experiments with six-hour working day - 1 views

www.theguardian.com/...ents-with-six-hour-working-day

travail durée suède

shared by Thierry Nabeth on 06 Dec 15 - No Cached
  • Thierry Nabeth on 06 Dec 15
     
    The experiment at Svartedalens, set to continue until the end of 2016, has attracted interest across Scandinavia and beyond, as workers and managers ask whether they might learn something from it themselves. Svartedalens is attempting to avoid shortcomings by keeping the changes tightly focused and monitored. Only assistant nurses are involved, and the city's human resources management system is generating high-quality data, according to Bengt Lorentzon, a consultant on the scheme. Another care home is being used as a "control", so Svartedalens can be compared with a workplace that has stuck to an eight-hour day.
  • Thierry Nabeth on 06 Dec 15
     
    Lire aussi: Sweden introduces six-hour work day Employers across the country including retirement homes, hospitals and car centres, are implementing the change http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/sweden-introduces-six-hour-work-day-a6674646.html
Aurialie Jublin

Plateformes numériques & travailleurs indépendants : pas de charte dans la lo... - 0 views

droitdupartage.com/...arte-dans-la-loi-pour-linstant

plateforme indépendant charte social

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 07 Sep 18 - No Cached
  • Aurialie Jublin on 07 Sep 18
     
    "Parmi les nouveautés juridiques de la rentrée du secteur numérique (voir les détails dans notre article), se trouvait la loi « pour la liberté de choisir son avenir professionnel » (dite « Pénicaud 2 ») qui envisageait, dans son article 66, la création d'un mécanisme destiné à compléter le régime juridique des plateformes de mise en relation concernant les travailleurs indépendants qui trouvent des missions par son intermédiaire. Les plateformes pouvaient publier une charte détaillant les relations juridiques (droits et obligations) avec les indépendants et l'existence de cette charte visait à diminuer le risque de requalification. (...)" Mais l'article 66 a été supprimée dans la version de la loi publiée au JO du 6/9/18.
Aurialie Jublin

The Day I Drove for Amazon Flex - The Atlantic - 0 views

www.theatlantic.com/...563444

amazon condition de travail qvt

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 29 Jun 18 - No Cached
  • But Flex operates year-round, not just during the holiday season, which suggests there’s another reason for it: It’s cheap. As the larger trucking industry has discovered over the past decade, using independent contractors rather than unionized drivers saves money, because so many expenses are borne by the drivers, rather than the company.
  • The company doesn’t share information about how many drivers it has, but one Seattle economist calculated that 11,262 individuals drove for Flex in California between October 2016 and March 2017, based on information Amazon shared with him to help the company defend a lawsuit about Flex drivers.
  • “A lot of these gig-type services essentially rely on people not doing the math on what it actually costs you,”
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • One Amazon Flex driver in Cleveland, Chris Miller, 63, told me that though he makes $18 an hour, he spends about 40 cents per mile he drives on expenses like gas and car repairs. He bought his car, used, with 40,000 miles on it. It now has 140,000, after driving for Flex for seven months, and Uber and Lyft before that. That means he’s incurred about $40,000 in expenses—things he didn’t think about initially, like changing the oil more frequently and replacing headlights and taillights. He made slightly less than $10 an hour driving for Uber, he told me, once he factored in these expenses; Flex pays a bit better.
  • If the driver gets into a car accident, the driver, not Amazon, is responsible for medical and insurance costs. If a driver gets a speeding ticket, the driver pays. (UPS and FedEx usually pay their trucks’ tickets, but Amazon explicitly says in the contract Flex drivers sign that drivers are responsible for fees and fines­.)
  • Brown likes to work two shifts delivering groceries for Amazon, from 4:30 to 6:30 a.m. and 6:30 to 8:30 a.m., but the morning we talked, no 4:30 shifts were available. He sometimes wakes up at 3 a.m. and does what Flex workers call the “sip and tap,” sitting at home and drinking coffee while refreshing the app, hoping new blocks come up. He does not get paid for the hour he spends tapping. Twice in the last year, he’s been barred from seeing new blocks for seven days because Amazon accused him of using a bot to grab blocks—he says he just taps the app so frequently Amazon assumes he’s cheating.
  • Akunts said that people often get “deactivated,” which means they receive a message telling them they can no longer drive for Flex. Sometimes, the workers don’t know why they’ve been terminated and their contract annulled, he told me. It can take as long as a month to get reinstated.
  • But lots of people risk it and park illegally in meters, he told me—the number of parking citations issued in the first three months of the year for people parking illegally at red and yellow meters grew 29 percent from 2016, according to data provided to me by the city.
  • And then there was the fact that the Flex technology itself was difficult to use. Flex workers are supposed to scan each package before they deliver it, but the app wouldn’t accept my scans. When I called support, unsure of what to do, I received a recorded messaging saying support was experiencing technical difficulties, but would be up again soon. Then I got a message on my phone telling me the current average wait time for support was “less than 114,767 minutes.” I ended up just handing the packages to people in the offices without scanning them, hoping that someone, somewhere, was tracking where they went.
  • Technology was making their jobs better—they worked in offices that provided free food and drinks, and they received good salaries, benefits, and stock options. They could click a button and use Amazon to get whatever they wanted delivered to their offices—I brought 16 packages for 13 people to one office; one was so light I was sure it was a pack of gum, another felt like a bug-spray container.
  • But now, technology was enabling Amazon to hire me to deliver these packages with no benefits or perks. If one of these workers put the wrong address on the package, they would get a refund, while I was scurrying around trying to figure out what they meant when they listed their address as “fifth floor” and there was no fifth floor. How could these two different types of jobs exist in the same economy?
  • Gig-economy jobs like this one are becoming more and more common. The number of “non-employer firms” in the ground-transportation sector—essentially freelancers providing rides through various platforms—grew 69 percent from 2010 to 2014, the most recent year for which there is data available, according to a Brookings analysis of Census Bureau and Moody’s data.
  • “We’re going to take the billion hours Americans spend driving to stores and taking things off shelves, and we’re going to turn it into jobs,” Viscelli said. “The fundamental question is really what the quality of these jobs is going to be.”
  • Liss-Riordan says one of the biggest obstacles in getting workers to take legal action over their classification is that many Flex workers agree, upon signing up to deliver packages, to resolve disputes with Amazon through arbitration. Companies can now use arbitration clauses to prevent workers from joining together to file class-action lawsuits, because of a May Supreme Court ruling.
  • Even weeks after I’d stopped driving for Flex, I kept getting new notifications from Amazon, telling me that increased rates were available, tempting me to log back in and make a few extra bucks, making me feel guilty for not opening the app, even though I have another job.
  • My tech-economy experience was far less lucrative. In total, I drove about 40 miles (not counting the 26 miles I had to drive between the warehouse and my apartment). I was paid $70, but had $20 in expenses, based on the IRS mileage standards. I had narrowly avoided a $110 parking ticket, which felt like a win, but my earnings, added up, were $13.33 an hour. That’s less than San Francisco’s $14 minimum wage.
  • Aurialie Jublin on 29 Jun 18
     
    "Amazon Flex allows drivers to get paid to deliver packages from their own vehicles. But is it a good deal for workers?"
Aurialie Jublin

Worker Surveillance and Class Power - « Law and Political Economy - 0 views

lpeblog.org/...r-surveillance-and-class-power

uber surveillance classe classe sociale

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 20 Jul 18 - No Cached
  • As a first example, consider how workplace monitoring generates data that companies can use to automate the very tasks workers are being paid to perform. When Uber drivers carry passengers from one location to another, or simply cruise around town waiting for fares, Uber gathers extensive data on routes, driving speed, and driver behavior. That data may prove useful in developing the many algorithms required for autonomous vehicles—for example by illuminating how a reasonable driver would respond to particular traffic or road conditions.
  • with GPS data from millions of trips across town, Uber may be able to predict the best path from point A to point B fairly well, accounting not just for map distance, but also for current traffic, weather, the time of day, etc. In other words, its algorithms can replicate drivers’ subtle, local knowledge. If that knowledge was once relatively rare, then Uber’s algorithms may enable it to push down wages and erode working conditions.
  • By managing drivers’ expectations, the company may be able to maintain a high supply of drivers on the road waiting for fares. The net effect may be to lower wages, since the company only pays drivers when they are ferrying passengers.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Finally, new monitoring technologies can help firms to shunt workers outside of their legal boundaries through independent contracting, subcontracting, and franchising. Various economic theories suggest that firms tend to bring workers in-house as employees rather than contracting for their services—and therefore tend to accept the legal obligations and financial costs that go along with using employees rather than contractors—when they lack reliable information about workers’ proclivities, or where their work performance is difficult to monitor.
  • This suggests, in my mind, a strategy of worker empowerment and deliberative governance rather than command-and-control regulation. At the firm or workplace level, new forms of unionization and collective bargaining could address the everyday invasions of privacy or erosions of autonomy that arise through technological monitoring. Workers might block new monitoring tools that they feel are unduly intrusive. Or they might accept more extensive monitoring in exchange for greater pay or more reasonable hours.
  • Aurialie Jublin on 20 Jul 18
     
    "Companies around the world are dreaming up a new generation of technologies designed to monitor their workers-from Amazon's new employee wristbands, to Uber's recording whether its drivers are holding their phones rather than mounting them, to "Worksmart," a new productivity tool that takes photos of workers every ten minutes via their webcams. Technologies like these can erode workplace privacy and encourage discrimination. Without disregarding the importance of those effects, I want to focus in this post on how employers can use new monitoring technologies to drive down wages or otherwise disempower workers as a class. I'll use examples from Uber, not because Uber is exceptional in this regard - it most certainly is not - but rather because it is exemplary."
Aurialie Jublin

Case Study: Fairmondo - Commons Transition Primer - 0 views

primer.commonstransition.org/...case-study-fairmondo

plateforme coopérativisme de plateforme coopérative commerce équitable commun

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 26 Feb 18 - No Cached
  • Originally founded in Germany in 2012, Fairmondo aims to federate and expand to create a global online marketplace, but with ownership firmly in hands of their local users. The German coop currently gathers over 2000 members who have invested over 600,000 euros in shares. It is open both to professional and private sellers and the products on offer have no general restrictions unless they are illegal or run counter to Farmondo’s values. The core values are fairness and the promotion of responsible consumption. Rather than having to find fairly sourced products from a variety of places, Fairmondo practically gathers them in federated, democratic platforms. The fairness of the products in question is assessed by a shared criteria which remains open to discussion and improvement by the members and the Fairmondo user base. The platform also includes certain products which are not necessarily fair trade, for example books, with more than two million on offer.
  • The economic democracy ethos surrounding ownership and control of the platform goes beyond the practices of most cooperatives. Fairmondo calls this “Cooperativism 2.0” and asks all new Fairmondo chapters to adapt the following seven Core Principles:
  • Consent and majority consensus:  90% of Fairmondo constituents must agree prior any modification to the general principles.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Democratic ownership and accountability to all stakeholders
  • Independence of individual vested interests: Disproportionate financial investments or investments by non-cooperative associations is prohibited.
  • Uncompromising transparency: Fairmondo’s commitment to full transparency may only be limited by jurisdiction-specific legal requirements of wherever the chapter is located.
  • nvolving the crowd: A Cooperative 2.0 structure promotes authentic crowd involvement while fostering confidence. Fairmondo has successfully used crowdfunding and crowdsourcing to strengthen the platform.
  • Open source: Fairmondo coops are committed to open source and innovation.
  • Fair, multi-constituent distribution of profit and wages: Dividends are distributed as broadly as possible, preventing individuals from accumulating more than their fair share. 25% is distributed to coop members through shares. 25% is distributed through “Fair Funding Points” (voluntary work is rewarded by points which legally stake a claim on future surpluses). 25% is donated to a number of non-profits chosen by Fairmondo members. The last 25% is pooled into a common fund used for the development of the wider Fairmondo project. Internal stakeholders (partners, staff, etc.) operate under a defined salary range ration of 1 to 7 from lowest to highest paid.
  • Since the creation of the German marketplace, Fairmondo has also federated to the UK. The objective of its internationalization process is that, once there are five Fairmondo nodes, these will be supported by a global framework organization which will be sustainably controlled and co-owned by the local cooperatives.
  • Fairmondo is an excellent example of an Open Cooperative, as it meets the four criteria: oriented towards the common good; multi constituent in nature; actively creates Commons; transnationally oriented. The  global organization’s vision is analogous to the role of the non-profit foundations outlined in the ecosystem of commons-based peer production.
  • Aurialie Jublin on 26 Feb 18
     
    "Fairmondo is a digital online marketplace managed by a multi-constituent cooperative focusing on fair commerce."
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