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Aurialie Jublin

The case of sharing economy - 0 views

platformed.info/sharing-economy-future-of-work

économie collaborative travail digital labor

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 03 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • Aurialie Jublin on 03 Feb 15
     
    A whole slew of labor platforms have come up over the last couple of years, powering what is widely referred to as the Gig Economy or (rather inappropriately) the Sharing Economy. Remote freelancing (Freelancer, Elance-Odesk) and micro-tasking (Amazon Mechanical Turk) platforms have been around for quite some time, as have classifieds (e.g. Craigslist), all of which enable service providers to find new gigs. But a whole new range of vertical-specific platforms have come up in recent times creating two broad classes of new opportunities: - Higher end gigs: Consulting platforms like Clarity and Experfy now enable highly skilled individuals to find gigs on platforms. - Real world gig coordination: Platforms like Homejoy and Postmates allow people with spare time to find a new source of income in the 'real' world.
Aurialie Jublin

Are There Good Jobs in the Gig Economy? - 0 views

hbr.org/...e-good-jobs-in-the-gig-economy

gig economy

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 29 Jun 18 - No Cached
  • Author Louis Hyman, a Cornell professor and economic historian, notes that in America traditional organizations began moving away from offers of full-time employment and toward more-flexible short-term staffing jobs as a result of both new management ideas (such as the Lean Revolution) and changing values (such as prioritizing short-term profits). This restructuring of the workforce was facilitated, he emphasizes, by management consultants, who believed that “the long hours, the tensions, the uncertainty were all a perfectly reasonable way to work,” and by temp agencies, which created pools of standby, on-demand labor. By the 1980s temps were providing not emergency help but cyclical replacement.
  • Hyman’s stats are striking: By 1988 about nine-tenths of businesses were using temp labor; since 1991 every economic downturn has meant a permanent loss of jobs; by 1995, 85% of companies were “outsourcing all or part of at least one business function
  • Aurialie Jublin on 29 Jun 18
     
    "Advocates of these "alternative work arrangements"-many of which are enabled by sharing or on-demand apps such as Uber and TaskRabbit-bill them as a way to trade unemployment, burnout, or hating one's job for freedom, flexibility, and financial gains. Skeptics, meanwhile, point to the costly trade-offs: unstable earnings, few or no benefits, reduced job security, and stalled career advancement. But what do the gig workers themselves say? Gigged, a new book by Sarah Kessler, an editor at Quartz, focuses on their perspective. In profiling a variety of people in contingent jobs-from a 28-year-old waiter and Uber driver in Kansas City, to a 24-year-old programmer who quit his New York office job to join Gigster, to a 30-something mother in Canada who is earning money through Mechanical Turk-Kessler illuminates a great divide: For people with desirable skills, the gig economy often permits a more engaging, entrepreneurial lifestyle; but for the unskilled who turn to such work out of necessity, it's merely "the best of bad options.""
Aurialie Jublin

What Does A Union Look Like In The Gig Economy? | Fast Company | Business + Innovation - 0 views

www.fastcompany.com/...n-look-like-in-the-gig-economy

digital labor syndicat gig economy protest

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 20 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • Drivers who work on Uber, Lyft, and Sidecar have started "App-Based Drivers Associations" in at least two states. The California branch teamed up with local Teamsters in August for "organizational and lobbying assistance," and in September, after Uber drivers in New York created a Facebook Page called Uber Drivers Network NYC, some of them went on strike over Uber fare cuts.
  • Like it or not, employment in the United States looks different than it did 50 years ago—at least 30% of the workforce are independent contractors, the ratio of part-time workers to full-time workers is still higher than before the recession, and there are 2.87 million temporary workers, a record number. Some argue that the gig economy—comprised of companies like Uber, TaskRabbit, Postmates, and Handy, who coordinate independent contractors on a task-by-task basis instead of hiring employees—is a promising development in this conundrum. It offers flexible supplemental income the regular economy is not supplying. Others argue it’s a return to the piecework system that exploited workers before the modern concept of "employee" came on the scene.
  • Aurialie Jublin on 20 Feb 15
     
    "WITHOUT THE RIGHT TO UNIONIZE, GIG ECONOMY WORKERS RISK EXPLOITATION. BUT ORGANIZING 21RST CENTURY WORKERS IS NO EASY FEAT."
Aurialie Jublin

In the Sharing Economy, Workers Find Both Freedom and Uncertainty - NYTimes.com - 0 views

mobile.nytimes.com/...h-freedom-and-uncertainty.html

travail tictravail précarité économie collaborative liberté

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 18 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • In a climate of continuing high unemployment, however, people like Ms. Guidry are less microentrepreneurs than microearners. They often work seven-day weeks, trying to assemble a living wage from a series of one-off gigs. They have little recourse when the services for which they are on call change their business models or pay rates. To reduce the risks, many workers toggle among multiple services.
  • Certainly, it’s a good deal for consumers. Peer marketplaces democratize luxury services by making amateur chauffeurs, chefs and personal assistants available to perform occasional work once largely dominated by full-time professionals. Venture capital firms seem convinced.
  • In July, 9.7 million Americans were unemployed, and an additional 7.5 million were working part-time jobs because they could not find full-time work, according to estimates from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.There are no definitive statistics on how many people work in the gig economy. But according to a report from MBO Partners, a company that provides consulting services to independent contractors, about 17.7 million Americans last year worked more than half time as independent contributors, among them project workers.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Jamie Viggiano, senior director of marketing at TaskRabbit, says the company is trying to improve the situation for its 30,000 contractors in 19 cities in the United States. It recently instituted a sitewide minimum wage of $15 an hour. It also adopted a $1 million insurance policy, covering both clients and contractors, for any property damage or bodily harm that occurs while performing a job. Still, Ms. Viggiano says that “across the industry, we have only scratched the surface of helping freelancers work in the gig economy.”
  • Technology has made online marketplaces possible, creating new opportunities to monetize labor and goods. But some economists say the short-term gig services may erode work compensation in the long term. Mr. Baker, of the Center for Economic and Policy Research, argues that online labor marketplaces are able to drive down costs for consumers by having it both ways: behaving as de facto employers without shouldering the actual cost burdens or liabilities of employing workers.
  • Labor activists say gig enterprises may also end up disempowering workers, degrading their access to fair employment conditions.“These are not jobs, jobs that have any future, jobs that have the possibility of upgrading; this is contingent, arbitrary work,” says Stanley Aronowitz, director of the Center for the Study of Culture, Technology and Work at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. “It might as well be called wage slavery in which all the cards are held, mediated by technology, by the employer, whether it is the intermediary company or the customer.”
  • TaskRabbit has started offering its contractors access to discounted health insurance and accounting services. Lyft has formed a partnership with Freelancers Union, making its drivers eligible for the advocacy group’s health plan and other benefit programs.That may not be enough. Dr. Standing, the labor economist, says workers need formal protections to address the power asymmetries inherent in contingent work. International rules, he says, could endow gig workers with basic entitlements — like the right to organize and the right to due process should companies seek to remove them from their platforms.
  • Aurialie Jublin on 18 Aug 14
     
    Le business de la "sharing economy", c'est encore beaucoup la précarité des "employés".
Aurialie Jublin

Cut-Throat Capitalism: Welcome To the Gig Economy | Alternet - 0 views

www.alternet.org/...capitalism-welcome-gig-economy

gig economy indépendant AE digital labor

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 05 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • “For one month, I became the ‘micro-entrepreneur’ touted by companies like TaskRabbit, Postmates, and Airbnb. Instead of the labor revolution I had been promised, all I found was hard work, low pay, and a system that puts workers at a disadvantage.”
  • Aurialie Jublin on 05 Feb 15
     
    "Economist Gerald Friedman warns that the much-hyped gig economy is a road to ruin for workers"
Aurialie Jublin

Why the digital gig economy needs co-ops and unions | openDemocracy - 0 views

www.opendemocracy.net/...conomy-needs-co-ops-and-unions

indépendant collectif syndicat dialogue social gig economy plateforme

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 28 Sep 16 - No Cached
  • Aurialie Jublin on 28 Sep 16
     
    "Millions of people are joining the digital gig economy, attempting to outbid one another for increasingly precarious bit-work. We need to challenge that culture."
Aurialie Jublin

The Gig Economy Isn't Just For Startups Anymore - 0 views

amp.timeinc.net/...isnt-just-for-startups-anymore

gig economy plateforme

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 04 Sep 17 - No Cached
  • Aurialie Jublin on 04 Sep 17
     
    Gig workers are coming to some of the world's largest corporations too. Increasingly Fortune 500 companies and global giants like Samsung are turning to online freelancing platforms like Upwork and PeoplePerHour to find designers, marketing staff, IT specialists and other knowledge workers.
Aurialie Jublin

Europe Will Defend Its Gig Economy Workers - Bloomberg View - 1 views

www.bloomberg.com/...nds-up-for-gig-economy-workers

europe gig economy sharing economy droit droit travailleurs individu

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 23 Jan 17 - No Cached
  • Aurialie Jublin on 23 Jan 17
     
    "On Thursday, the European Parliament voted overwhelmingly to back a report calling for better worker protections in the on-demand economy, also known as the sharing economy. The resolution isn't binding, but potentially, the issue presents a bigger threat to companies such as Uber than the resistance of their more traditionalist rivals. Europe is not afraid to appear retrograde when it comes to worker benefits, and though that may drag it down economically, it's also what makes it a nice place to live and work."
Aurialie Jublin

Exploring portable ratings for gig workers - Doteveryone - Medium - 0 views

medium.com/...s-for-gig-workers-5632fd9b262e

gig economy notation notoriété individu indépendant

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 12 Feb 18 - No Cached
  • Unlike the traditional economy, the gig economy doesn’t rely on CVs or letters of recommendation. You build your reputation on one platform at a time — and your reputation is often the route to higher earnings (A service user is more likely to choose someone with 100 five-star ratings than just one or two). Platforms don’t want people to leave, so they don’t let workers have ownership over their own ratings. Leaving a service means starting over.
  • More recently, we’ve been exploring the “how” of ratings portability: what technology, data, user experience and investment might be needed to make this real.Our design team, along with our policy intern and developer James Darling, have been conducting user research and prototyping possible technical solutions for ratings portability. Here’s where we’ve got to so far.
  • “Cab” drivers didn’t have visible habits around their ratings, weren’t checking them frequently and when we spoke about them, they told us that this wasn’t something they’d considered before or something they were particularly concerned about. They were confident in their skills and ability to find work outside of their platforms, and viewed ratings more as performance indicators for their platform owners — the main fear being a drop below 3.5 stars, where they might be dropped from the platform completely.
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • This “performance indicator over ratings” feeling was even stronger with food delivery workers. They expressed even less concern about the issue, focussing more on their delivery metrics such as attendance and cancellations. The rider app screens we were shown support this.
  • This makes sense for both food delivery and transit: the customer has little to no ability to use workers’ reputation data to inform their purchase decision. (When we press a button to order a cab or for food to be delivered, speed is the primary factor and platforms emphasise that in their design.)
  • It was a radically different story for tradespeople. Their reputation data feels important to them, and they prefer to keep control over it. They preferred word of mouth reputation and recommendations, as there was no middleman who could take that away from them. Online platforms were seen as something to graduate away from once you had a sufficient “real world” presence.
  • Alongside our user research, James Darling looked at the technical possibilities, drawing on the Resolution Trust’s initial work and the research that our policy intern did. They came up with five possible solutions and gave them names and some logos. They are in increasing order of complexity.
  • Personal referenceThis is the status quo: when approaching a new employer, workers create their own CVs, loosely standardised by convention.
  • Publicly hosted reputationsWhat feels like a technical quick win is to ensure that a platform hosts a publicly accessible web archive of all worker reputation data, including for profiles which have been disabled. This would allow workers to provide a URL to anyone they wish to provide their reputation data. How would this be encouraged/enforced?
  • Profile verificationHow does a worker prove that they are the owner of a publicly hosted reputation profile? There are a few technical solutions that could be explored here, like a public/private key verification or explorations around OAuth. Is it possible to create something that is secure, but also usable?
  • Decentralised open data standardA data standard for reputation data could be created, allowing automated transfer and use of reputation data by competing platforms or external services. Creating the standard would be the trickiest part here: is it possible to translate between both technical differences of different platforms (eg 5 stars versus 80%), but also the values inherent in them.
  • Centralised data holderPerhaps one way to help standardise and enforce this easy transfer of reputation data is to create some sort of legal entity responsible for holding and transferring this reputation data. A lot of discussion would have to be had about the legal framework for this: is it a government department, a charity, a de facto monopoly?
  • We also thought about ways to verify identity (by including an RSA public key), what a best practice data standard might look like (here’s an example in JSON), and what the import process might look like (via a mock competitor site). The code for all this is on Github, and everything above is available in a slide deck here.
  • I worry that the concept of “owning” people’s ratings reflects some deeper, more systemic issues around who “owns” things more generally in society. In the coming months, we’d like to keep working with like minded organisations to explore that idea more, as well as how the cumulative effects of those systems affect us all.
Aurialie Jublin

How are workers faring in the gig economy? - 0 views

iloblog.org/...orkers-fare-in-the-gig-economy

gig economy

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 09 Feb 17 - No Cached
  • Aurialie Jublin on 17 Feb 17
     
    Most workers in the on-demand economy are considered by the platforms that they work for as being freelance workers. What are the consequences for workers of being classified that way?
Aurialie Jublin

'My father had one job in his life, I've had six in mine, my kids will have six at the ... - 1 views

www.theguardian.com/...-sharing-economy-juggling-jobs

travail

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 03 Dec 15 - No Cached
  • “My reading of the evidence so far,” he says, “is that there will be less job creating and ever-greater labour saving. If we look at the creation of new occupations by decade, they accounted for 8.2% of new jobs in the 1980s, 4.4% in the 1990s, and 0.5% in 2000s. It is not necessarily true that we will have a jobless future. But I struggle to use my imagination to see which industries will emerge to balance the loss of jobs.”
  • A lot of the change, he suggests, has to do with a transformed idea of freedom. When the older generation thinks of freedom it imagines it as autonomy, self-sufficiency, personal choice. “Freedom is exclusivity.” When the younger generation thinks of freedom, he suggests, it is no longer about exclusivity, it is about inclusivity. “For them the more networks they are in, the more social capital they establish, the more free they feel,” he says. “It is about expanding the network. This is the sharing economy.”
  • Aurialie Jublin on 03 Dec 15
     
    "In the 'gig' or 'sharing' economy, say the experts, we will do lots of different jobs as technology releases us from the nine to five. But it may also bring anxiety, insecurity and low wages "
Aurialie Jublin

The Day I Drove for Amazon Flex - The Atlantic - 0 views

www.theatlantic.com/...563444

amazon condition de travail qvt

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 29 Jun 18 - No Cached
  • But Flex operates year-round, not just during the holiday season, which suggests there’s another reason for it: It’s cheap. As the larger trucking industry has discovered over the past decade, using independent contractors rather than unionized drivers saves money, because so many expenses are borne by the drivers, rather than the company.
  • The company doesn’t share information about how many drivers it has, but one Seattle economist calculated that 11,262 individuals drove for Flex in California between October 2016 and March 2017, based on information Amazon shared with him to help the company defend a lawsuit about Flex drivers.
  • “A lot of these gig-type services essentially rely on people not doing the math on what it actually costs you,”
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • One Amazon Flex driver in Cleveland, Chris Miller, 63, told me that though he makes $18 an hour, he spends about 40 cents per mile he drives on expenses like gas and car repairs. He bought his car, used, with 40,000 miles on it. It now has 140,000, after driving for Flex for seven months, and Uber and Lyft before that. That means he’s incurred about $40,000 in expenses—things he didn’t think about initially, like changing the oil more frequently and replacing headlights and taillights. He made slightly less than $10 an hour driving for Uber, he told me, once he factored in these expenses; Flex pays a bit better.
  • If the driver gets into a car accident, the driver, not Amazon, is responsible for medical and insurance costs. If a driver gets a speeding ticket, the driver pays. (UPS and FedEx usually pay their trucks’ tickets, but Amazon explicitly says in the contract Flex drivers sign that drivers are responsible for fees and fines­.)
  • Brown likes to work two shifts delivering groceries for Amazon, from 4:30 to 6:30 a.m. and 6:30 to 8:30 a.m., but the morning we talked, no 4:30 shifts were available. He sometimes wakes up at 3 a.m. and does what Flex workers call the “sip and tap,” sitting at home and drinking coffee while refreshing the app, hoping new blocks come up. He does not get paid for the hour he spends tapping. Twice in the last year, he’s been barred from seeing new blocks for seven days because Amazon accused him of using a bot to grab blocks—he says he just taps the app so frequently Amazon assumes he’s cheating.
  • Akunts said that people often get “deactivated,” which means they receive a message telling them they can no longer drive for Flex. Sometimes, the workers don’t know why they’ve been terminated and their contract annulled, he told me. It can take as long as a month to get reinstated.
  • But lots of people risk it and park illegally in meters, he told me—the number of parking citations issued in the first three months of the year for people parking illegally at red and yellow meters grew 29 percent from 2016, according to data provided to me by the city.
  • And then there was the fact that the Flex technology itself was difficult to use. Flex workers are supposed to scan each package before they deliver it, but the app wouldn’t accept my scans. When I called support, unsure of what to do, I received a recorded messaging saying support was experiencing technical difficulties, but would be up again soon. Then I got a message on my phone telling me the current average wait time for support was “less than 114,767 minutes.” I ended up just handing the packages to people in the offices without scanning them, hoping that someone, somewhere, was tracking where they went.
  • Technology was making their jobs better—they worked in offices that provided free food and drinks, and they received good salaries, benefits, and stock options. They could click a button and use Amazon to get whatever they wanted delivered to their offices—I brought 16 packages for 13 people to one office; one was so light I was sure it was a pack of gum, another felt like a bug-spray container.
  • But now, technology was enabling Amazon to hire me to deliver these packages with no benefits or perks. If one of these workers put the wrong address on the package, they would get a refund, while I was scurrying around trying to figure out what they meant when they listed their address as “fifth floor” and there was no fifth floor. How could these two different types of jobs exist in the same economy?
  • Gig-economy jobs like this one are becoming more and more common. The number of “non-employer firms” in the ground-transportation sector—essentially freelancers providing rides through various platforms—grew 69 percent from 2010 to 2014, the most recent year for which there is data available, according to a Brookings analysis of Census Bureau and Moody’s data.
  • “We’re going to take the billion hours Americans spend driving to stores and taking things off shelves, and we’re going to turn it into jobs,” Viscelli said. “The fundamental question is really what the quality of these jobs is going to be.”
  • Liss-Riordan says one of the biggest obstacles in getting workers to take legal action over their classification is that many Flex workers agree, upon signing up to deliver packages, to resolve disputes with Amazon through arbitration. Companies can now use arbitration clauses to prevent workers from joining together to file class-action lawsuits, because of a May Supreme Court ruling.
  • Even weeks after I’d stopped driving for Flex, I kept getting new notifications from Amazon, telling me that increased rates were available, tempting me to log back in and make a few extra bucks, making me feel guilty for not opening the app, even though I have another job.
  • My tech-economy experience was far less lucrative. In total, I drove about 40 miles (not counting the 26 miles I had to drive between the warehouse and my apartment). I was paid $70, but had $20 in expenses, based on the IRS mileage standards. I had narrowly avoided a $110 parking ticket, which felt like a win, but my earnings, added up, were $13.33 an hour. That’s less than San Francisco’s $14 minimum wage.
  • Aurialie Jublin on 29 Jun 18
     
    "Amazon Flex allows drivers to get paid to deliver packages from their own vehicles. But is it a good deal for workers?"
Aurialie Jublin

Apploitation in a city of instaserfs | Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives - 0 views

www.policyalternatives.ca/...apploitation-city-instaserfs

sharing economy economy économie exploitation individu uber emploi plateforme

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 24 Aug 16 - No Cached
  • I signed up for as many sharing economy jobs as I could, but they’re not really jobs. I was never an employee; I was a “partner,” or a “hero” or even a “ninja” depending on the app. Sharing economy companies are just middlemen, connecting independent contractors to customers. When I signed up to work with (not for) these apps, I was essentially starting my own ride-sharing/courier business.
  • We do still have a boss. It just isn’t a person. It’s an algorithm.
  • The standard ride-sharing or courier app’s business model looks something like this:  When introducing your app into a new city, take heavy losses by over-paying drivers and under-charging customers. Offer drivers cash bonuses to get their friends to sign up. Once you’ve got a steady supply of drivers invested in the app, start lowering their pay. 
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • The idea is to reward loyalty and prevent drivers from having Uber and Lyft open at the same time. The thing is, if you’re working 40 or 50 hours a week with one company, that looks a lot less like a gig and a lot more like full-time employment.
  • In Los Angeles, September 2014, a group of Lyft drivers burned their pink mustaches in protest of the pay cuts. These kinds of actions aren’t very common because most of us don’t know our co-workers and there is no physical location to congregate. Lyft doesn’t allow their drivers at the head office. The main place for “sharing economy” workers to connect is through online forums and Facebook groups
  • Yes, people have been kicked off Postmates for complaining. I’ve talked to them. And yes, the official Postmates courier group on Facebook is censored to erase anything that could be perceived as a complaint. But more importantly it’s clear that Postmates is not preparing its workers for the realities of life as an independent contractor. Many are shocked about how much they have to pay in taxes and how little they’re making doing the work. There are plenty of screenshots showing that some are making less than minimum wage.
  • I ended up having to take on all kinds of little expenses like these. It’s part of the risk of starting your own business. That time, I just had to buy a $3 froyo but it can be a lot worse (parking tickets in San Francisco can be over $80). Oftentimes you have to choose between parking illegally or being late with an order.
  • All the risk falls onto the worker and the company is free of liability—despite the placard being an explicit suggestion that it’s okay to break the law if that’s what you’ve got to do to get the order done on time. 
  • Postmates responded by “updating” the app to a “blind system” in which we could still accept or reject jobs, but without enough information to determine whether it would be worth our time or not (e.g., a huge grocery store order). To make sure we accept jobs quickly without analyzing them, the app plays an extremely loud and annoying beeping noise designed specifically to harass couriers into submitting to the algorithm.
  • One of the best companies I worked for is called Washio. I picked up dirty laundry and delivered clean laundry. It was the best paying and least stressful of all the apps I worked with that month because there was no illusion of choice. Washio tells you exactly what to do and you do it. It is simple and honest. But it also betrays the spirit of the independent contractor, and that’s important for a number of reasons.
  • Plenty of people requested that I drop off their food at the door. Customers grow to love apps that make the worker anonymous. That way, you don’t have to feel guilty about having servants.
  • Aurialie Jublin on 24 Aug 16
     
    L'auteur de l'article parle de son expérience du "travail" via l'économie des plateforme.
Aurialie Jublin

We all have the 'right to disconnect' - but only some of us can afford it | Evgeny Moro... - 0 views

www.theguardian.com/...tal-gig-economy-evgeny-morozov

déconnexion gig economy

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 03 Mar 17 - No Cached
  • Aurialie Jublin on 03 Mar 17
     
    "Laws protecting workers from employers' out-of-hours emails ignore the fact that, for many, switching off is not an option"
Aurialie Jublin

TaskRabbit ou l'emploi à la demande : les promesses (déçues) du futur du trav... - 1 views

www.manpowergroup.fr/loi-a-la-demande-futur-travail

travail tictravail emploi précarité individu

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 22 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Si TaskRabbit se présente comme le site de l’économie à la demande de demain, il suscite néanmoins de nombreuses critiques, parfois virulentes, s’attachant le plus souvent à la précarisation de l’emploi, à la baisse générale des salaires observable sur le site ou encore à la corvéabilité à merci des postulants. Consommation collaborative ou économie du petit boulot (gig economy), les ambigüités des promesses de TaskRabbit rejoignent les grandes interrogations liées à la dite « économie du partage ». Cependant, TaskRabbit pourrait bel et bien être un signe avant-coureur des structures du nouveau monde du travail, tel qu’il tendrait à l’être dans les années à venir, alors que l’emploi salarié devient minoritaire.
  • Dans un monde du travail qui n’a jamais autant fait place aux freelances, missions ponctuelles, et autres contributions irrégulières à des projets contributifs ou d’intérêts généraux, une régulation et une sécurisation des parcours seront néanmoins nécessaires pour éviter une trop importante atomisation de l’emploi fragilisant les individus. Reste à se tourner vers la protection, non plus d’emplois, mais bien de personnes, aux carrières plus mouvantes que jamais.
  • Aurialie Jublin on 22 Sep 14
     
    "Face à ce modèle attractif, mêlant promesses de désintermédiation, de matching (adéquation offre/demande) et d'hyper-flexibilité, beaucoup de postulants se trouvent néanmoins dans une situation délicate : la compétition accrue constatée sur ce site, notamment due au nombre d'offres postées largement inférieur au nombre d'inscrits, condamne certains d'entre eux à passer la majeure partie de leur temps les yeux rivés sur l'écran de leur smartphone, à la recherche de l'offre idéale. Une forme de précarisation qu'ils considèrent néanmoins parfois comme davantage enviable que l'inactivité."
Aurialie Jublin

Les secrets bien gardés du revenu universel - 0 views

magazine.ouishare.net/...ien-gardes-du-revenu-universel

revenu universel

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 26 Feb 16 - No Cached
  • Le revenu universel pourrait bien être ce projet de société, à condition qu’on brise ce consensus de façade. Voici les cinq tensions autour du revenu universel qu’il est urgent d’aborder en vue d’un débat public véritable, car il ne peut et il ne doit pas y avoir de consensus politique autour d’elles : Le revenu universel suppose la primauté de l’équité et du social sur l’efficacité et l’économique Entre revenu de base et revenu universel d’existence, il existe une différence de nature Le revenu universel aura des effets désincitatifs nets sur le travail salarié (et c’est tant mieux) Besoins, passions, désirs : les besoins primaires sont une vue de l’esprit Le biais du “toutes choses égales par ailleurs” : distribution du revenu versus distribution du capital
  • Par rapport à la situation actuelle où la plupart des modèles sociaux occidentaux possèdent déjà des filets de sécurité, le revenu de base ne change pas le système d’incitations et perpétue un statu quo. Sa vertu principale est alors, comme le soutient justement Basquiat, de rationaliser et rendre plus juste un système fiscal illisible et biaisé. Mais il ne s’apparente en rien à changement de paradigme : le travail salarié garderait à peu de choses près la même place qu’il a aujourd’hui. A l’inverse, l’essence du revenu d’existence est de libérer l’individu du besoin de contracter un travail salarié pour vivre décemment. Seul un montant fixé de telle manière à ce que l’individu puisse effectivement refuser un travail sans risquer la précarité (éventuellement accompagné par des services publics complémentaires comme la santé et l’éducation) est susceptible de faire basculer nos sociétés dans un système où l’activité, la protection sociale et la production de valeur soient détachées du salariat.  
  • Par conséquent, si le revenu universel réduit (revenu de base) ou supprime (revenu d’existence) le besoin d’accepter n’importe quel travail, et notamment les petits boulots de services (la gig economy), et en l’absence d’un effet de substitution immédiat par un travail plus qualifié et mieux payé, la désincitation macroéconomique au salariat sera bien réelle (2). Les postes qualifiés de  “bullshit jobs” (ou “jobs à la con”) par David Graeber sont les premiers qui viennent à l’esprit : qui accepterait encore de bûcher jour et nuit pour un travail que l’intéressé considère lui-même comme totalement inutile à lui et à la société ?
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • En résumé, l’effet désincitatif sur le travail contraint est une mauvaise nouvelle pour ceux qui souhaitent perpétuer le salariat comme le système d’exploitation de nos sociétés, mais une excellente nouvelle pour tous les autres. Il faut choisir son camp. A défaut d’un revenu universel et tant qu’un choc économique d’ampleur ne viendra pas précipiter la crise décisive du modèle actuel, la précarisation des classes moyennes et la polarisation des emplois intermédiaires autour des jobs très peu qualifiés maintiendront le salariat sous perfusion (politique et psychologique).
  • D’autre part, il est illusoire d’espérer que le revenu universel apaise les individus et les incite à se consacrer à des buts et activités désintéressées (la création, la politique, la communauté, etc.), puisqu’après un temps d’adaptation, les hommes ne manqueront pas de partir à la chasse aux nouveaux “besoins” qui ne sont pas couverts par le revenu universel. La boucle de la production et de la consommation pourrait ainsi recommencer en dépit du revenu universel.
  • C’est pourquoi les théoriciens des communs et du coopérativisme voient le revenu universel d’un oeil sceptique ou carrément hostile : en omettant la question de la redistribution des moyens de production, il légitimerait voire prorogerait le statu quo du capitalisme financier.
  • Il y a un pas à faire des deux côtés. Le revenu universel n’est pas une machinerie néo-libérale conçue pour maintenir des travailleurs enivrés par un flux régulier d’argent gratuit dans les filets de l’ultra-capitalisme. La redistribution du capital n’est pas la seule et unique solution pour une transition vers un modèle social plus équitable.
  • Aurialie Jublin on 26 Feb 16
     
    "D'ailleurs, comment une vision aussi radicale peut-elle mettre d'accord des politiques aussi différents qu'Alain Madelin et Bernie Sanders, des intellectuels aussi éloignés l'un de l'autre que Martin Luther King et Milton Friedman, des mouvements aussi divers que l'AIRE (revenu d'existence) et le MFRB (revenu de base) ? A l'origine de ce que la plupart de ses partisans voient comme un avantage certain - celui de rassembler ceux qui ne se ressemblent pas - il y a un impensé, un malentendu. Car il y aura bien un moment où il faudra débattre sur ce qui est si souvent laissé de côté : montant, plan de financement, devenir de l'emploi salarié, distribution du capital, fiscalité."
Aurialie Jublin

Avec Uber et Airbnb, les travailleurs indépendants sont heureux, mais… | Fren... - 0 views

www.frenchweb.fr/...260643

travail indépendant uber économie collaborative chiffre

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 14 Oct 16 - No Cached
  • Les 4 profils d’indépendants Les «free agents», qui ont volontairement choisi de se mettre à leur compte et pour qui le travail indépendant est la première source de revenu, qui représentent 30% des cas.  Les «casual earners», qui ont recours au travail indépendant pour compléter leurs revenus, qui pèsent pour 40% du total. C'est le profil le plus répandu.  Les «reluctants», qui tirent la plus grosse part de leurs revenus du travail indépendant mais qui préfèreraient avoir un poste salarié, 14% des cas.  Et enfin les «financially strapped», contraints d'avoir recours à du travail indépendant en plus d'un autre emploi pour faire face à leurs charges, qui représentent 16% des cas. 
  • le digital et plus particulièrement l'avènement des plateformes ont profondément modifié la façon dont les travailleurs indépendants s'organisent. Accès à une base de clients potentiels bien plus importante, information accessible en temps réel, mises en relation plus pertinentes: les avantages de ces plateformes ont déjà convaincu près de 15% des indépendants, et ce n'est que le début si l'on en croit McKinsey. 
  • En terme de satisfaction au travail, sans surprise les indépendants ayant choisi leur statut volontairement (la majorité des cas donc) sont bien plus satisfaits de leurs conditions de travail que les autres. Parmi les éléments qui poussent les «casual earners» à avoir recours à du travail indépendant en parallèle de leur emploi, on trouve l'autonomie, l'atmosphère de travail, le fait d'être son propre patron, les horaires de travail adaptables et la possibilité de travailler où on le souhaite. 
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  • A l'inverse, les travailleurs indépendants qui n'ont pas choisi leur statut déplorent le manque de sécurité des revenus, et un niveau de rémunération qu'ils considèrent comme faible. Ils apprécient en revanche le contenu de leurs missions, leur autonomie, l'atmosphère de travail, ainsi que la flexibilité qui caractérise le travail indépendant (horaires et lieu de travail). 
  • Aurialie Jublin on 14 Oct 16
     
    "Près de 162 millions de travailleurs aux Etats-Unis et en Europe ont aujourd'hui un statut d'indépendant, soit 20 à 30% de la population active dans ces deux zones gégographiques, selon l'étude «Independant work: Choice, necessity, and the gig economy» réalisée par McKinsey. "
Aurialie Jublin

Can We Design An On-Demand Economy That Will Work For Everyone? | Co.Exist - 0 views

www.fastcoexist.com/...my-that-will-work-for-everyone

emploi economy économie gig economy

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 12 Dec 16 - No Cached
  • Aurialie Jublin on 12 Dec 16
     
    "We know what the future of work will be for a lot of workers-so now it's time to try to make it better."
Aurialie Jublin

Historic agreement: First ever collective agreement for the platform economy signed in ... - 0 views

blog.hilfr.dk/...latform-economy-signed-denmark

plateforme syndicat collectif

shared by Aurialie Jublin on 12 Apr 18 - No Cached
  • ”We are extremely proud to have signed the world’s first collective agreement for a platform company together with 3F, a trade union. The platform economy suffers from a bit of a tarnished reputation because too many platforms are basically digitalizing tax avoidance and poor working conditions and claim that it is very innovative. With this agreement we are raising the bar for the gig economy and show how we can all benefit from new technology without undermining labor rights and working conditions”. “At the same time we show that the Danish labor market model is able to work hand in hand with new digital business models. 3F, the trade union we work with, has been a pragmatic and constructive partner in this process and clearly interested in finding a solution”.
  • Key facts about the collective agreement People who work more than 100 hours on Hilfr.dk will automatically be eligible for Super Hilfr-status A minimum payment of 141, 21 DKK (19 €) pr. hour. A contribution to the pension savings Holiday pay contribution Sick pay
  • Aurialie Jublin on 12 Apr 18
     
    "Hilfr.dk, a Danish platform for cleaning in private homes, has signed a ground breaking collective agreement with 3F, a Danish trade union."
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