DHEA may be beneficial in those with ED + hypertension and those with organic ED cause. "Organic" causes like diabetes and neurological problems DHEA provided no benefit.
Those men with higher estradiol levels found to have increased stroke risk. This study only looked at elderly men > 71. This should come as no surprise as E2 in men is know to increase inflammatory signaling.
study finds that HRT given as women transition through menopause has benefiical effect in people with Alzheimer's. However, when given years later, after menopause, no benefit is found. In fact, rates increased. Several flaws with this study. First, they used synthetic hormones, particularily progestins. Second, there seems to be no thought that the interpretation of the signal has changed. For example, we know that when men have low T, their estrogen receptor status changes from ER beta to ER alpha, which is more proinflammatory. Third, use bioidentical hormones and compare these to synthetic hormones.
progesterone shown to be neuroprotective in individuals with traumatic brain injuries. In addition to improved neurologic function, there was a decreased mortality rate in the progesterone treated group compared to placebo.
Bioidentical progesterone shown to reduce post TBI mitochondrial dysfunction. This has significant implications on the ability of the damaged brain to heal and recover, thus limiting post-injury cognitive deficits.
Abstract on listed here: but bioidentical progesterone and allopregnanolone (product of progesterone metabolism) shown to reduce inflammation after TBI. This inflammation is what results in much of the post-TBI complications.
Just the abstract is available online, but the neurophysiology of brain injury is well discussed here. This process takes time. In fact, most TBIs are mild and often go unreported/unrecognized until neurological deficits begin.
Article discusses the immunoexcitotoxic process involved in chronic TBI. This is likely to be the underlying process involved in NFL and other football players delayed neurological effects. A similar process has been see in combat veterans returning from the theatre.
diabetes associated with increased advanced glycation end products (AGE) in elderly population. This increase in AGE associated with cognitive decline as evaluated by MMSE.
the use of insulin in diabetes is associated with a 430% increase risk of developing dementia. Wow!! Just the present of Diabetes, almost doubled the risk. Add in extra insulin and it is like throwing fuel to the fire that exists in the brain.
insulin resistance shown to play a role in cognitive impairment. Rising Insulin resistance is not just associated with obesity, but also brain dysfunction similar to that in strokes. This indicates a vascular component in the cognitive function. The same rise in obesity will likely result in a rise in neurodegenerative disorders.