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Dietary composition modulates brain mass and solubilizable Abeta levels in a mouse model of aggressive Alzheimer's amyloid pathology. Pedrini S, Thomas C, Brautigam H, Schmeidler J, Ho L, Fraser P, Westaway D, Hyslop PS, Martins RN, Buxbaum JD, Pasinetti GM, Dickstein DL, Hof PR, Ehrlich ME, Gandy S. Mol Neurodegener. 2009 Oct 21;4:40. PMID: 19845940 doi:10.1186/1750-1326-4-40 INTERPRETATION: Dissociation of Abeta changes from brain mass changes raises the possibility that diet plays a role not only in modulating amyloidosis but also in modulating neuronal vulnerability. However, in the absence of a study of the effects of a high protein/low carbohydrate diet on nontransgenic mice, one cannot be certain how much, if any, of the loss of brain mass exhibited by high protein/low carbohydrate diet-fed TgCRND8 mice was due to an interaction between cerebral amyloidosis and diet. Given the recent evidence that certain factors favor the maintenance of cognitive function in the face of substantial structural neuropathology, we propose that there might also exist factors that sensitize brain neurons to some forms of neurotoxicity, including, perhaps, amyloid neurotoxicity. Identification of these factors could help reconcile the poor clinicopathological correlation between cognitive status and structural neuropathology, including amyloid pathology.

DHA and EPA generally modulated different sets of genes, although a few common effects were noted. In our approach, we used preneoplastic adenoma cells which are a relevant model for target cells of chemoprevention. If verified with real time PCR, these results identify genes and targets for chemoprevention of colon cancer. Modulation of gene expression in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid treated human colon adenoma cells. Habermann N, Lund EK, Pool-Zobel BL, Glei M. Genes Nutr. 2009 Mar;4(1):73-6. Epub 2009 Feb 21. PMID: 19234733 doi: 10.1007/s12263-009-0112-y.

Modulation of prostate cancer genetic risk by omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Berquin IM, Min Y, Wu R, Wu J, Perry D, Cline JM, Thomas MJ, Thornburg T, Kulik G, Smith A, Edwards IJ, D'Agostino R, Zhang H, Wu H, Kang JX, Chen YQ. J Clin Invest. 2007 Jul;117(7):1866-75. PMID: 17607361 Our data suggest that modulation of prostate cancer development by polyunsaturated fatty acids is mediated in part through Bad-dependent apoptosis. This study highlights the importance of gene-diet interactions in prostate cancer.

Eggs distinctly modulate plasma carotenoid and lipoprotein subclasses in adult men following a carbohydrate-restricted diet. Mutungi G, Waters D, Ratliff J, Puglisi M, Clark RM, Volek JS, Fernandez ML. J Nutr Biochem. 2009 Apr 13. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19369056 We previously reported that carbohydrate restriction (CR) (10-15% en) during a weight loss intervention lowered plasma triglycerides (TG) by 45% in male subjects (P<.05). However, only those subjects from the EGG group presented higher concentrations of these two carotenoids in plasma, which were correlated with the higher concentra

"PPAR modulators are drugs which act upon the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor."

Eggs modulate the inflammatory response to carbohydrate restricted diets in overweight men. Ratliff JC, Mutungi G, Puglisi MJ, Volek JS, Fernandez ML. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2008 Feb 20;5:6. PMID: 18289377 Carbohydrate restricted diets (CRD) consistently lower glucose and insulin levels and improve atherogenic dyslipidemia [decreasing triglycerides and increasing HDL cholesterol (HDL-C)]. We have previously shown that male subjects following a CRD experienced significant increases in HDL-C only if they were consuming a higher intake of cholesterol provided by eggs compared to those individuals who were taking lower concentrations of dietary cholesterol. Here, as a follow up of our previous study, we examined the effects of eggs (a source of both dietary cholesterol and lutein) on adiponectin, a marker of insulin sensitivity, and on inflammatory markers in the context of a CRD. Conclusion A CRD with daily intake of eggs decreased plasma CRP and increased plasma adiponectin compared to a CRD without eggs. These findings indicate that eggs make a significant contribution to the anti-inflammatory effects of CRD, possibly due to the presence of cholesterol, which increases HDL-C and to the antioxidant lutein which modulates certain inflammatory responses.

Fernandez ML, West KL. Mechanisms by which dietary fatty acids modulate plasma lipids. J Nutr. 2005 Sep;135(9):2075-8. Review. PMID: 16140878 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Modulation of Immune Functions by Foods Shuichi Kaminogawa and Masanobu Nanno

Modulation of inflammation in brain: a matter of fat. Farooqui AA, Horrocks LA, Farooqui T. J Neurochem. 2007 May;101(3):577-99. Epub 2007 Jan 25. Review. PMID: 17257165 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04371.x

Modulation of inflammatory cytokines by omega-3 fatty acids. Kang JX, Weylandt KH. Subcell Biochem. 2008;49:133-43. Review. PMID: 18751910

n-3 fatty acids and gene expression. Deckelbaum RJ, Worgall TS, Seo T. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jun;83(6 Suppl):1520S-1525S. Review. Erratum in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Oct;84(4):949. PMID: 16841862 Accumulating evidence in both humans and animal models clearly indicates that a group of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, the n-3 fatty acids (or omega-3), have distinct and important bioactive properties compared with other groups of fatty acids. n-3 Fatty acids are known to reduce many risk factors associated with several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. The mechanisms whereby n-3 fatty acids affect gene expression are complex and involve multiple processes. As examples, n-3 fatty acids regulate 2 groups of transcription factors, such as sterol-regulatory-element binding proteins and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, that are critical for modulating the expression of genes controlling both systemic and tissue-specific lipid homeostasis. Modulation of specific genes by n-3 fatty acids and cross-talk between these genes are responsible for many effects of n-3 fatty acids.

Refurbished Carefusion Alaris 8120 PCA Module works with the Alaris Medley Point of Care system. There are various models that allow Infusion to be delivered by a syringe or a PCA unit. * Refurbished * 1-Year Warranty

Refurbished Medical Equipment Alaris Medley provides a common user interface for programming the infusion and monitoring modules, helping to reduce complexity at the point of care.

Wang M. Extending the good diet, good health paradigm: modulation of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) by flavonoids. Toxicol Sci. 2007 Apr;96(2):203-5. PMID: 17407835 [PubMed - in process]

Prostate tumor growth and recurrence can be modulated by the omega-6:omega-3 ratio in diet: athymic mouse xenograft model simulating radical prostatectomy. Kelavkar UP, Hutzley J, Dhir R, Kim P, Allen KG, McHugh K. Neoplasia. 2006 Feb;8(2):112-24. PMID: 16611404

An endogenous regulator of inflammation, resolvin E1, modulates osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Herrera BS, Ohira T, Gao L, Omori K, Yang R, Zhu M, Muscara MN, Serhan CN, Van Dyke TE, Gyurko R. Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Dec;155(8):1214-23. Epub 2008 Sep 22. PMID: 18806821

Medicinal mushroom modulators of molecular targets as cancer therapeutics. Zaidman BZ, Yassin M, Mahajna J, Wasser SP. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2005 Jun;67(4):453-68. Epub 2005 Feb 23. Review. PMID: 15726350 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-004-1787-z

Ginger inhibits cell growth and modulates angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells. Rhode J, Fogoros S, Zick S, Wahl H, Griffith KA, Huang J, Liu JR. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2007 Dec 20;7:44. PMID: 18096028 doi:10.1186/1472-6882-7-44

Bioactive vitamin D or calcitriol is a steroid hormone that has long been known for its important role in regulating body levels of calcium and phosphorus, and in mineralization of bone. More recently, it has become clear that receptors for vitamin D are present in a wide variety of cells, and that this hormone has biologic effects which extend far beyond control of mineral metabolism. The active form of vitamin D binds to intracellular receptors that then function as transcription factors to modulate gene expression. Like the receptors for other steroid hormones and thyroid hormones, the vitamin D receptor has hormone-binding and DNA-binding domains. The vitamin D receptor forms a complex with another intracellular receptor, the retinoid-X receptor, and that heterodimer is what binds to DNA. In most cases studied, the effect is to activate transcription, but situations are also known in which vitamin D suppresses transcription. Each of the forms of vitamin D is hydrophobic, and is transported in blood bound to carrier proteins. The major carrier is called, appropriately, vitamin D-binding protein. The halflife of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol is several weeks, while that of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is only a few hours. The vitamin D receptor binds several forms of cholecalciferol. Its affinity for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is roughly 1000 times that for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, which explains their relative biological potencies

Nevertheless, the development of immunonutrition (IMN), a special form of enteral feed supplemented with specific nutrients (omega-3 fatty acids, arginine, nucleotides and sometimes glutamine) has demonstrated a beneficial effect on patients' immune systems [8]. The advantages of IMN have been demonstrated in a number of studies [9-20]. Two recent meta-analyses have concluded that the use of IMN results in a significant reduction in infection rates, and as a consequence, shorter durations of hospital stay [21-22].