Dr. Goodyear

free Testosterone proves more useful than serum Total Testosterone, symptom questionnaire and testicular atrophy in the diagnosis of hypogonadism in men with ED.

study finds restoration of HPA in men with low T.  This was performed via clomid therapy at 25 to 50 mg daily for 4 months.  Increase in pulsatile LH, increase in serum Testosterone levels, and increase in sexual function was found.  Clomid restores HPA function that is suppressed from estrogen inhibition.  In this case, clomid is function as an estrogen antagonist.

Case study finds clomid restores HPA function and normalizes Testosterone production in HPA suppressed endurance athlete.

Small study found that 2 months of clomid therapy increased LH, FSH, total Testosterone, and free Testosterone over placebo.  Improvement in ED was minimal and most in young men.  This is consistent with other studies that have found that less effects are seen in those with multiple comorbidities.

small study of men with low T and symptoms of hypogonadism found to improve with clomid.  Testosterone levels were found to increase by 115% and quality of life measures improved as well.  

small cohort with low serum Total Testosterone improved T:E2 ratio with clomid.  Clomid restores the HPA through inhibition of the negative feedback of Estradiol on the Hypothalamus and Pituitary in men.  This allows for an increase in gonadotropin production and thus increase in testosterone production.  Aromatase inhibition therapy would likely still prove beneficial in this situation.

Nice study that looked at climid to restore HPA function and increase Testosterone stimulation and production.  This study also does a good job of reviewing the mechanisms of low T.  Low T is really a biomarker of poor health in men.

Review of Blastocystis hominis treatment.

published ahead of print, so full article is not available.  Abstract points to low T as a result of metabolic factors i.e. obesity, inflammation...This is true.  The authors, in the abstract, point to the differences in Menopause in women versus low T in men.  

Isn't it amazing how "alternative" medical therapies are proven time and time again with science?   This study finds modes improvement in blood pressure with probiotics greater than 100 million CFU for more than 8 weeks.  The therapy provided a modest decrease in B/P, but a decrease none the less.

nice diagram of the complement system.  Important role in how the immune system fights infection.

pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that requires treatment, especially in the immunocompromised.

low Testosterone in men was found to be an independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome in men.

Lower DHEAS, not below normal, levels associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke in women when compared to higher DHEAS levels.

This study appears to fly in the face of the recent studies on the dangers of Testosterone therapy in those with comorbidities.  This study was a retrospective cohort.  The study found that men in the highest risk for MI, had a reduced MI risk with Testosterone therapy.  Men in the lower risk quartiles had no such benefit.  Of note, the frequency of injections suggests inadequate dosing i.e. 4.4 in first year and 8.2 in follow up.  Most injection regimens will require at least monthly injections, though Testosterone pellets were used.  Of special note, no mention of level testing of Testosterone prior to study and/or during study and follow up.

2012 WHO review on EDCs

Heavy metals are more than just toxins, they are metalloestrogens.  Cadmium is one of the more recognized metalloestrogens.

Cadmium has estrogenic activity.  Many have coined the term "metalloestrogen" in a way to refer to the estrogenic activity of cadmium.

nice review of Precocious puberty.

Higher levels of FSH and SHBG and lower levels of free Testosterone found to be associated with bone loss in older men.