Review of xenoestrogens and techniques for evaluation. Brief discussion of the different EDCs is included, but the majority of the study is to evaluate the different testing techniques.
another study points to the negative development effects of EDCs. In this animal study, Cypermethrin exposure in the Perinatal period, disrupts testes development which resulted in decreased Testosterone production in adults.
Prenatal exposure to BPA has been shown to alter a variety of reproductive endocrine parameters, such as testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels
arly onset of sexual maturation of female mice
imbalanced T-helper (TH)1/TH2 immune responses have been demonstrated on exposure to BPA
indicating that BPA exerted its effects by reducing the number of Treg cells.
Exposure to BPA by subcutaneous injection in adulthood significantly promoted antigen-stimulated production of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 in TH2-skewed
BPA can leak from the placenta and accumulate in the fetus
We showed that prenatal exposure to BPA increased the production of a TH1 cytokine, IFN-γ, and a TH2 cytokine, IL-4, after the offspring developed, suggesting that prenatal exposure to BPA can induce persistent immunologic effects lasting into adulthood.
These results are consistent with a previous report that fetal exposure to BPA augmented TH1 and TH2 immune responses
our results clearly demonstrate that the production of TH2 cytokines is promoted by BPA in adult mice and in offspring during developmental exposure.
The decrease of Treg cells would predispose to immune dysfunction in aged individuals, explaining their higher risk of immune-mediated diseases, cancer, and infections.
BPA might cause these diseases. Thus, avoiding exposure to or promoting the excretion of BPA and other EDCs would help in preventing diseases and adverse health effects.
optimal weight associated with higher testicular volume and Testosterone levels in men. Maternal smoking and higher cord bleed estrogens associated with lower sperm output. This would with the other literature on EDCs.
Most recently, obesity has been proposed to be yet another adverse health effect of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during critical stages of development. Obesity is quickly becoming a significant human health crisis
The emerging idea of an association of EDCs and obesity expands the focus on obesity from intervention and treatment to include prevention and avoidance of these chemical modifiers.
26 year study of dogs finds declining sperm count equivalent to that in men. The decline was found to occur at a rate of 1.2% to 2.5% annually over course of study. The authors pointed to EDC's in food.
Endocrine Disrupting chemicals, xenoestrogens, alter the hormone receptors very early. Increased estrogenic load with the change in ER increase prostate cancer.
Great review article on the endocrine disrupting role of Cadmium. Cadmium binds to the ER-alpha inducing an estrogen signal. Cadmium also binds to the androgen receptor as well. This study proposes a similar activation of ER-alpha and AR by Cadmium.
Phthalate exposure is a cause of low Testosterone in men, women, and children. In boys 6-12, exposure was associated with a 24-34% reduction in Testosterone.