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Nathan Goodyear

The Dark Side of Testosterone Deficiency: III. Cardiovascular Disease -- Traish et al. 30 (5): 477 -- Journal of Andrology - 0 views

www.andrologyjournal.org/...477

testosterone deficiency low cardiovascular disease CVD T

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 25 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 25 Apr 12
     
    low testosterone is risk factor for CVD in men.  Of course, normalization of testosterone should be employed and followed in those men that have low T.
Nathan Goodyear

Estradiol and Metabolic Syndrome in Older Italian Men: The InCHIANTI Study -- Maggio et al. 31 (2): 155 -- Journal of Andrology - 0 views

www.andrologyjournal.org/...155

estradiol testosterone aromatase metabolic syndrome MetS men male

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Apr 12
     
    Estradiol found to be associated with Metabolic syndrome in men. This was independent of other confounding variables.  Most men, the excess estradiol comes from increased aromatase activity on testosterone.
Nathan Goodyear

Low-Dose Hydrocortisone for Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, September 23/30, 1998, McKenzie et al. 280 (12): 1061 - JAMA - 0 views

jama.ama-assn.org/...1061.long

CFS cortisol hydrocortisone adrenal adrenals fatigue chronic fatigue syndrome

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 May 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 May 12
     
    this study revealed symptom improvement with hydrocortisone treatment in those with CFS. Pre/post treatment was with serum cortisol and not salivary cortisol.  This is a weakness of the study.  The starting dosage of 25-30 mg hydrocortisone is high and with inadequate evaluation, this high dosage could have resulted in high dosage and adrenal suppression.  
Nathan Goodyear

Does increased aromatase activity in adipose fibroblasts cause low sexual desire in patients with HIV lipodystrophy? -- Goldmeier et al. 78 (1): 64 -- Sexually Transmitted Infections - 0 views

bmj-sti.highwire.org/...64.full

aromatase inflammation inflammatory cytokines IL-6 TNF inhibition testosterone estrogen hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 12
     
    increased testosterone to estrogen conversion, in part, stimulated by inflammatory cytokines: TNF, and IL-6.  They propose aromatase inhibition to decrease testosterone to estrogen conversion.  This study looked at individuals with HIV.
Nathan Goodyear

Influence of mode of delivery on gut microbiota composition in seven year old children -- Salminen et al. 53 (9): 1388 -- Gut - 0 views

gut.bmj.com/...1388.2.full

delivery allergies atopy mode of gut dysbiosis microbiota flora children bifidobacterium clostridium IgE

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Apr 12
     
    fascinating read.  This study looked at the mode of delivery and found that the balance of bifidobacterium and clostridium gut microbiota was altered by mode of delivery.  This has been associated with excessive IgE antibody production.  Ever wonder why we have so many allergies today?  Maybe it is because of the doctors rush to perform Ceserean Sections.
Nathan Goodyear

The Dark Side of Testosterone Deficiency: II. Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance -- Traish et al. 30 (1): 23 -- Journal of Andrology - 1 views

www.andrologyjournal.org/...23

testosterone deficiency diabetes insulin resistance type II 2 low T

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Feb 12
     
    here is the full article of a previously posted link.
Nathan Goodyear

The Dark Side of Testosterone Deficiency: II. Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance -- Traish et al. 30 (1): 23 -- Journal of Andrology - 1 views

www.andrologyjournal.org/...23

low T testosterone insulin resistance IR type II diabetes DM metabolic syndrome fat mortality

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Feb 12
     
    low Testosterone associated with insulin resistance, type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and increased fat.  These will all translate to increased mortality.
Nathan Goodyear

Progesterone metabolites in breast cancer - 1 views

erc.endocrinology-journals.org/...717.full

progesterone metabolism tumor tumorigenesis cancer risk growth hormone hormones 5-beta-pregnanediol 5-alpha-pregnanediol 4-pregnenediol 5-alpha reductase

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • P metabolites produced within breast tissues might be independently active hormones functioning as cancer-promoting or -inhibiting regulatory agents
  • these P metabolites function as independent pro-or anti-cancer autocrine/paracrine hormones that regulate cell proliferation, adhesion, apoptosis and cytoskeletal, and other cell status molecules via novel receptors located in the cell membrane and intrinsically linked to cell signaling pathways
  • only a fraction of all breast cancer patients respond to this estrogen-based therapy and the response is only temporary
  • ...30 more annotations...
  • P serves as the precursor for the major steroid hormones (androgens, estrogens, corticosteroids) produced by the gonadal and adrenal cortical tissues.
  • 5α-pregnane, 5β-pregnane, and 4-pregnene metabolites of P
  • These P-metabolizing enzymes included 5α-reductase, 5β-reductase, 3α-hydroxysteroid oxido-reductase (3α-HSO), 3β-HSO, 20α-HSO, 20β-HSO, 6α(β)-, 11β-, 17-, and 21-hydroxylase, and C17–20-lyase
  • Reduction of P to 5α-pregnanes is catalyzed by 5α-reductase and the direct 5α-reduced metabolite of P is 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione (5αP). The 5α-reductase reaction is irreversible
  • The two 4-pregnenes resulting from direct P conversion are 4-pregnen-3α-ol-20-one (3αHP) and 4-pregnen-20α-ol-3-one (20αHP), catalyzed by the actions of 3α-HSO and 20α-HSO respectively
  • the P-metabolizing enzyme activities identified in human breast tissues and cell lines were: 5α-reductase, 3α-HSO, 3β-HSO, 20α-HSO, and 6α-hydroxylase
  • In normal breast tissue, conversion to 4-pregnenes greatly exceeded the conversion to 5α-pregnanes, whereas in tumorous tissue, conversion to 5α-pregnanes greatly exceeded that to 4-pregnenes
  • The results indicated that P 5α-reductase activity is significantly higher, whereas P 3α-HSO and 20α-HSO activities are significantly lower in tumor than in normal tissues
  • he results showed that production of 5α-pregnanes was higher and that of 4-pregnenes was lower in tumorigenic (e.g. MCF-7) than in nontumorigenic (e.g. MCF-10A) cells (Fig. 3c⇑), while differences in ER/P status did not appear to play a role
  • The 5α-pregnane-to-4-pregnene ratios were 7- to 20-fold higher in the tumorigenic than in the nontumorigenic cell lines
  • altered direction in P metabolism, and hence in metabolite ratios, was due to significantly elevated 5α-reductase and depressed 3α- and 20α-HSO activities in breast tumor tissues and tumorigenic cells. It appeared, therefore, that changes in P-metabolizing enzyme activities might be related to the shift toward mammary cell tumorigenicity and neoplasia
  • In vivo, changes in enzyme activity can result from changes in levels of the enzyme due to changes in expression of the mRNA coding for the enzyme, or from changes in the milieu in which the enzyme operates (such as temperature and pH, and concentrations of cofactors, substrates, products, competitors, ions, phospholipids, and other molecules)
  • Overall, the enzyme activity and expression studies strongly suggest that 5α-reductase stimulation and 3α- and 20α-HSO suppression are associated with the transition from normalcy to cancer of the breast
  • The level of expression of 5α-reductase is up-regulated by estradiol and P in the uterus (Minjarez et al. 2001) and by 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the prostate
  • 3αHP inhibited whereas 5αP-stimulated proliferation
  • Stimulation in cell numbers was also observed when cells were treated with other 5α-pregnanes, such as 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one, 5α-pregnan-20α-ol-3-one, and 5α-pregnane-3α,20α-diol, whereas other 4-pregnenes such as 20α-HP and 4-pregnene-3α,20α-diol resulted in suppression of cell proliferation
  • Stimulation of cell proliferation with 5αP and inhibition with 3αHP were also observed in all other breast cell lines examined, whether ER/P-negative (MCF-10A, MDA-MB-231) or ER/P-positive (T47D, ZR-75-1) and whether requiring estrogen for tumorigenicity (MCF-7, T47D) or not (MDA-MB-231), or whether they are nontumorigenic (
  • αHP resulted in significant increases in apoptosis and decreases in mitosis, leading to significant decreases in total cell numbers. In contrast, treatment with 5αP resulted in decreases in apoptosis and increases in mitosis.
  • The opposing actions of 5αP and 3αHP on both cell anchorage and proliferation strengthen the hypothesis that the direction of P metabolism in vivo toward higher 5α-pregnane and lower 4-pregnene concentrations could promote breast neoplasia and lead to malignancy.
  • he effects on proliferation and adhesion were not due to P, but due to the 5α-reduced metabolites
  • The studies showed that binding of 5αP or 3αHP occurs in the plasma membrane fractions, but not in the nuclear or cytosolic compartments
  • separate high-specificity, high-affinity, low- capacity receptors for 5αP and 3αHP that are distinct from each other and from the well-studied nuclear/cytosolic P, estrogen, and androgen and corticosteroid receptors
  • The studies thus provided the first demonstration of the existence of specific P metabolite receptors
  • the receptor results suggest that the putative tumorigenic actions of 5αP may be significantly augmented by the estradiol-induced increases in 5αP binding and decreases in 3αHP binding.
  • Estradiol and 5αP resulted in significant dose-dependent increases, whereas 3αHP and 20αHP each resulted in dose-dependent decreases in total ER
  • In combination, estradiol + 5αP or 3αHP + 20αHP resulted in additive increases or decreases respectively in ER numbers.
  • The data suggest that the action of 5αP on breast cancer cells involves modulation of the MAPK signaling pathway
  • current evidence does not appear to support the notion that increased 5α-reductase activity/ expression might significantly alter androgen influences on breast tumor growth.
  • both testosterone and DHT inhibit cell growth more or less to the same extent
  • Note that 5α-reductase reaction is not reversible
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 12
     
    Fantastic read on the effects of progesterone metabolism on tumor and cancer growth.  Tumorigenesis is not just about the hormone, hormone balance, but about the metabolism of hormones.  This is why premarin is so carcinogenic: it is primarily metabolized by the 4-OH estrone pathway.
Nathan Goodyear

Midlife Hand Grip Strength as a Predictor of Old Age Disability, February 10, 1999, Rantanen et al. 281 (6): 558 - JAMA - 0 views

jama.ama-assn.org/...558.abstract

grip strength test honolulu study disability men

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 26 Mar 12
     
    poor grip strength was found to be predictive of greater disability risk.
Nathan Goodyear

Effect of exposure to p,p'-DDE on male hormone profile in Mexican flower growers -- Blanco-Muñoz et al. 69 (1): 5 -- Occupational and Environmental Medicine - 0 views

oem.bmj.com/5.full

DDE persistent organohalogen pollutants male hormones hormone low T testosterone men mexican environmental

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 12
     
    DDE in hispanic farm workers found to be inversely associated with testosterone.  Again, DDE and other persistent organohalogen pollutants, work to lower testosterone in men.
Nathan Goodyear

Homocysteine, folate, methylation, and monoamine metabolism in depression -- Bottiglieri et al. 69 (2): 228 -- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry - 0 views

jnnp.bmj.com/228

homocysteine depression methylation Folate 5-MTHF Folic Acid psychiatry neurology

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 26 Jun 12
     
    elevated homocysteine associated with a 2 x higher incidence of depression versus those with low homocysteine.  Methylation plays a role in depression.
Nathan Goodyear

Arsenic Exposure and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in US Adults, August 20, 2008, Navas-Acien et al. 300 (7): 814 - JAMA - 0 views

jama.ama-assn.org/...814.abstract

arsenic diabetes low-level exposure Type II 2

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Dec 11
     
    low levels of Arsenic exposure is associated with increase risk of diabetes
Nathan Goodyear

Arch Intern Med -- Abstract: Association Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, February 23, 2009, Ginde et al. 169 (4): 384 - 0 views

archinte.ama-assn.org/...384

vitamin D vitamin D respiratory infections URI cold flu influenza

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 Dec 11 - Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 Dec 11
     
    Vitamin D levels are inversely associated with respiratory infections.  The lower your vitamin D, the higher your risk of respiratory infections.
Nathan Goodyear

Late-night salivary cortisol in normal subjects and in patients with Cushing's syndrome -- Jeyaraman et al. 86 (1017): 399 -- Postgraduate Medical Journal - 1 views

pmj.bmj.com/...399.abstract

saliva salivary cortisol testing test evaluation Cushing's syndrome

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Nov 11
     
    specificity of saliva/salivary cortisol testing for Cushing's syndrome is 100%; but sensitivity was 69%.  Testing not done via LC-MS which is the gold standard.  This could explain the low sensitivity as compared to other studies.
Nathan Goodyear

Arch Neurol -- Abstract: Prefrontal Cortex and Executive Function Impairments in Primary Breast Cancer, November 2011, Kesler et al. 68 (11): 1447 - 0 views

archneur.ama-assn.org/...1447

chemotherapy brain fog side effects breast cancer executive function

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Dec 11
     
    Chemotherapy patients often complain of "chemo brain".  This article confirms significant reduction in prefrontal cortical activity, thus supporting brain dysfunction, "brain fog", as a result of chemotherapy.
Nathan Goodyear

Arch Gen Psychiatry -- Abstract: Trajectories of Depression Severity in Clinical Trials of Duloxetine: Insights Into Antidepressant and Placebo Responses, December 2011, Gueorguieva et al. 68 (12): 1227 - 0 views

archpsyc.ama-assn.org/...1227

depression psychiatry SSRI therapy treatment cymbalta duloxetine non-resonders

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Dec 11
     
    amazingly, up to 20% of patents with depression do worse on anti-depressant therapy (SSRI).  These are labeled non-responders, but when compared to placebo, the difference was significant.  Maybe, we should check their neurotransmitters first? 
Nathan Goodyear

Diagnostic Potential of Saliva: Current State and Future Applications -- Pfaffe et al. 57 (5): 675 -- Clinical Chemistry - 0 views

www.clinchem.org/...675

salivary testing evaluation hormone hormones BHRT diagnostic potential applications saliva

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 26 Nov 11
     
    saliva testing described as the future of first-line evaluation for hormones
Nathan Goodyear

Arch Intern Med -- Abstract: Vitamin C Intake and the Risk of Gout in Men: A Prospective Study, March 9, 2009, Choi et al. 169 (5): 502 - 0 views

archinte.ama-assn.org/...502

gout vitamin C

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 17 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Jan 12
     
    vitamin C shown to decrease gout in men
Nathan Goodyear

Dietary Strategies for Improving Post-Prandial Glucose, Lipids, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Health -- O'Keefe et al. 51 (3): 249 -- Journal of the American College of Cardiology - 0 views

content.onlinejacc.org/...249

glucose inflammation dietary cardiovascular health inflammatory markers saturated fats oxidative stress triglycerides anti-inflammatory diet

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Dec 11
     
    Diet can be a direct cause of inflammation.  A anti-inflammatory diet is a must in those with chronic, inflammatory diseases.    In this study, triglycerides, oxidative stress, and inflammation was found immediately after a single meal of saturated fat.
Nathan Goodyear

Inflammation and insulin resistance 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.11.057 : FEBS Letters | ScienceDirect.com - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0014579307012082

inflammation insulin resistance IR PPAR TNF-alpha IL-6 IL-10 IL-1Beta JNK GLT-4 Resistin adiponectin Gherlin NF-kapppB iNOS lkkb obesity TLR-4

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • A subsequent study by Yuan et al. showed that Tnf treatment of 3T3L1 adipocytes induces insulin resistance and that this could be prevented by pretreatment of cells with aspirin
  • Activation of the Tnf receptor results in stimulation of NFκB signaling via Ikkb
  • Insulin is a pleiotropic hormone
  • ...25 more annotations...
  • the percentage of macrophages in a given adipose tissue depot is positively correlated with adiposity and adipocyte size
  • Il-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages and lymphocytes
  • Il-10 exerts its anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting Tnf-induced NFκB activation by reducing IKK activity [38]
  • adipose tissue macrophages are responsible for nearly all adipose tissue Tnf expression and a significant portion of Nos2 and Il6 expression
  • One theory holds that the expansion of adipose tissue leads to adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia and that large adipocytes outstrip the local oxygen supply leading to cell autonomous hypoxia with activation of cellular stress pathways
  • The use of the anti-inflammatory compounds, salicylate and its derivative aspirin, for treating symptoms of T2DM dates back over 100 years
  • elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin (IL-8) have all been reported in various diabetic and insulin resistant states
  • overnutrition and obesity are often accompanied by elevations in tissue and circulating FFA concentrations, and saturated FFAs can directly activate pro-inflammatory responses
  • Adipokines such as resistin, leptin and adiponectin, which are secreted by adipocytes, can also affect inflammation and insulin sensitivity
  • In skeletal muscle insulin promotes glucose uptake by stimulating translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter
  • macrophages are also capable of undergoing a phenotypic switch from an M1 state, which was defined as the “classically activated” pro-inflammatory macrophage, to the M2 state or the “alternatively activated” non-inflammatory cell
  • saturated fatty acids are the most potent inducers of this inflammatory response
  • Several inducers of insulin resistance, including FFAs, pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, activate the expression of Nos2, the gene that encodes iNOS (reviewed in [33]
  • Adipose tissue insulin signaling results in decreased hormone sensitive lipase activity and this anti-lipolytic effect inhibits free fatty acid (FFA) efflux out of adipocytes.
  • In the liver, insulin inhibits the expression of key gluconeogenic enzymes and, therefore, insulin resistance in liver leads to elevated hepatic glucose production
  • elevated JNK activity in liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of obese insulin resistant mice, and knockout of Jnk1 (Jnk1−/−) leads to amelioration of insulin resistance in high fat diet
  • Adipose tissue from obese mice contains proportionately more M1 macrophages, whereas, lean adipose tissue contains more M2 macrophages, and increased M1 content positively correlates with inflammation, macrophage infiltration and insulin resistance
  • C-reactive protein (CRP)
  • these studies highlight the possibility that increased iNOS activity plays a direct role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance
  • the important role of Ikkb in the development of obesity and inflammation-induced insulin resistance.
  • It is probable that local concentrations of inflammatory mediators, such as FFAs, Tnf or other cytokines/adipokines contribute to this polarity switch
  • Tnf and other cytokines/chemokines are symptomatic of inflammation, and while they propagate and/or maintain the inflammatory state, they are not the initial cause(s) of inflammation
  • Tlr4, in particular, is stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin released by gram-negative bacteria
  • Tlr4 belongs to the family of Toll-like receptors that function as pattern recognition receptors that guard against microorganismal infections as part of the innate immune system.
  • Tlr4 stimulation results in the activation of both Ikkb/NFκB and JNK/AP-1 signaling, culminating in the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, including, Il1b, IL-6, Tnf, Mcp1, etc. (reviewed in [57
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Jan 12
     
    Great review of all the known components in the inflammation, insulin resistance link
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