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Nathan Goodyear

Long-term risks and benefits associated with cesarean delivery for mother, baby, and su... - 0 views

journals.plos.org/...article

cesarean section obesity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 25 Jan 18 - No Cached
  • Compared with vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery was associated with increased odds of childhood overweight
  • Cesarean delivery was also associated with increased odds of childhood obesity at up to 5 years when compared with vaginal delivery
  • Nathan Goodyear on 25 Jan 18
     
    Large meta-analysis out of Scottland finds that C-S versus vaginal delivery reduces urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse, but is associated with an increased obesity risk of child.
Nathan Goodyear

Influence of mode of delivery on gut microbiota composition in seven year old children ... - 0 views

gut.bmj.com/...1388.2.full

delivery allergies atopy mode of gut dysbiosis microbiota flora children bifidobacterium clostridium IgE

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Apr 12
     
    fascinating read.  This study looked at the mode of delivery and found that the balance of bifidobacterium and clostridium gut microbiota was altered by mode of delivery.  This has been associated with excessive IgE antibody production.  Ever wonder why we have so many allergies today?  Maybe it is because of the doctors rush to perform Ceserean Sections.
market reports

Drug Delivery Technology Market is worth $224.2 Billion By 2017 - 0 views

www.marketsandmarkets.com/...-technologies-market-1085.html

drug delivery technology market

shared by market reports on 15 May 13 - No Cached
  • market reports on 15 May 13
     
    The drug delivery technology market is segmented on the basis of route of administration into nine categories - oral, pulmonary, transdermal, injectable, ocular, nasal, topical, implantable, and transmucosal
market reports

North America Injectable Drug Delivery Market - 0 views

www.marketsandmarkets.com/...drug-delivery-market-1109.html

North America Injectable Drug Delivery Market

shared by market reports on 14 May 13 - No Cached
  • market reports on 14 May 13
     
    North American injectable drug delivery technologies market was valued at $9.3 billion in 2012 and is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 12.3% from 2012 to 2017 to reach $16.6 billion by 2017
wheelchairindia9

Tynor Rib Belt - 0 views

www.wheelchairindia.com/...Tynor-Rib-Belt

How to Effectively use a Rib Belt most common injuries to the chest rib cage is a protective organ flat chest bone called the sternum toning up abdominal muscles after surgery reduction of waist size compression belt to support

shared by wheelchairindia9 on 31 Mar 16 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 31 Mar 16
     
    Tynor Rib Belt Rib belt is applied to the thoracic and upper abdominal region to compress and bind the rib cage during rib fractures and postoperative care, while allowing sufficient flexibility for comfortable breathing. Extra porous. With splinting pad. No buckling or rolling over. Controlled compression. Tynor Rib Belt Features Light weight and thin construction, does not peep through the clothes improves patient compliance. Extra porous webbing improves ventilation and comfort of the patient. Broad hook and loop tape panel offers better holding and size adjust ability. Optimal compression, tones up abdominal muscles following surgery, CS or delivery. Special nylon reeves prevent rolling over of belt. Tynor Rib Belt Measurements Measure circumference around the chest.
wheelchairindia9

Abdominal Support Belt - 0 views

www.wheelchairindia.com/...Tynor-Abdominal-Support

abdominal belt abdominal support tynor abdominal belt tynor abdominal support tynor abdominal support belt tynor abdominal support 9 tynor abdominal belts abdominal support 9

shared by wheelchairindia9 on 01 Apr 16 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 01 Apr 16
     
    Tynor Hot and Cold Pack is a convenient device to provide hot fomentation or cold compress. Tynor Hot and Cold Pack is of multipurpose advantage. It is a convenient and effective approach for both hot as well as a cold therapy. Hot pack can be used for body ache, joint pain, etc., whereas a cold pack can be used for fever, sprains, fever, bleeding, etc. It is easy to use and maintains the temperature for a long period of time. It is available in 11.22 x 7.67 inch universal sizes. Hot fomentation of the injured or inflamed area enhances the threshold of pain and thus reduces the perception of pain. It has a synergistic effect along with pain relieving drugs. Raising temperature of the injured tissue also enhances the blood profusion and the healing process. Hot fomentation has a relaxing effect. Cold compress helps in reduction of inflammation in injuries, protects by slowing the metabolic rate around the tissue, reduce oedema and bleeding. Cold compress helps in immediately lowering fever, in very high fever conditions. It can be used after an acute injury or surgical procedure. No heat or cryo burns. Requires no holding. Reusable. Easy application. Appealing aesthetics. Tynor Hot and Cold Pack Features Multi functionality Reduce swelling and odema at the site of injury. Muscles spasm and pain. Headache and minor injuries. Versatile design Can be used as either cold or hot pack. Reusable in either hot & cold condition. Temperature range - Can be used from 0 Cº to 75Cº. Longer temperature retention time. Fabric cover ensures no cryo burns or hot skin burns. Physical features Non-toxic, and biodegradable. Gel remains soft and flexible upto 0 degree. Durable, and puncture resistant. Soft, "frost free" PVC cover. Flexible conforms to the body contours. Easy to clean and maintain. Excellent workmanship. Good aesthetics. Elastic belt Holds the pack against the body, No need to hold by hand. Enhances convenience. Tynor
wheelchairindia9

Tummy Trimmer Abdominal Belt Supports - 0 views

www.wheelchairindia.com/...ummy-Trimmer-or-Abdominal-Belt

Tynor Tummy Trimmer or Abdominal Belt Tummy Trimmer Abdominal Belt Supports tummy trimmer belt tummy trimming belt abdominal support belt 8 tynor tummy trimmer support belt tummy trimmer abdominal belts

shared by wheelchairindia9 on 02 Apr 16 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 02 Apr 16
     
    Tynor Tummy Trimmer or Abdominal Belt Tummy Trimmer/Abdominal belt supports and compresses the abdominal muscles for waist line reduction and is used as a post operative or post delivery aid. Perfect elasticity. Breathable materials. Dermophillic. No rolling over, no buckling. Tynor Tummy Trimmer or Abdominal Belt Features Extra porous three panel webbing improves ventilation and comfort of the patient. Broad hook and loop tape panel offers better holding and size adjustability. Optimal compression, tones up abdominal muscles following surgery, CS or delivery. Optimal compression binds surgical incisions of abdomen & chest, improves healing. Holds the incision, provide analgesic effect during sudden movements or coughing. Special nylon reeves prevent rolling over of belt. Can be used in ventral hernia. Tynor Tummy Trimmer or Abdominal Belt Measurements Tummy Trimmer / Abdominal Belt 8 Measure circumference around the waist immediately below the navel.
Nathan Goodyear

Gut microbiota of healthy Canadian infants: profiles by mode of delivery and infant die... - 0 views

www.cmaj.ca/385

gut flora dysbiosis microbiota Cesarean delivery C_S breast feeding children pediatrics infants

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 17 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Feb 14
     
    Cesarean delivery and lack of breast feeding significantly alter gut flora.  This has potential significant metabolic consequences--diabetes, asthma, obesity...The urge to deliver at convenient times may lay the foundation for our metabolic crisis in the US.
Nathan Goodyear

Gut microbe levels are linked to type 2 diabetes and obesity -- ScienceDaily - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...140623141842.htm

gut microbiota dysbiosis diabetes obesity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 25 Jun 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 25 Jun 14
     
    Individuals with obesity and type II Diabetes been found to have significantly different gut bacteria populations compared to healthy individuals.  This is not new information.  The firmicutes:bacteroidetes ratio has been long known to be elevated in obese individuals vs those that are lean.  The question here is cause and effect.  Is the change in the bacterial population leading to obesity and type II diabetes?  Or is diabetes and obesity leading to changes in the bacterial population?  A heavy-laden carb diet is know to lead to a change to a more unhealthy gut bacterial population--maybe it is just a product of diet?  Maybe it is effected by vaginal delivery vs cesarean delivery?  Maybe breast feeding plays a role.  Maybe, all the above is required. The point is that the cause of obesity and type II diabetes may have its origins deep, deep in the...well you know. http://ow.ly/yqDML 
Willow O'Donnell

Refurbished Abbott Hospira Plum A+ 3 Triple Channel Infusion IV Pump - 0 views

imgfave.com/5381352

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shared by Willow O'Donnell on 04 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Willow O'Donnell on 04 Nov 14
     
    Refurbished Abbott Hospira Plum A+ 3 Infusion Pump. The A+3 is a triple channel pump that allows each channel to be programmed and ran individually. Delivery rates in include primary, secondary and concurrent. The A+3 allows for a variety of delivery units including: mL/hr, mcg/kg/min, mcg/min, mcg/kg/hr, cg/hr, mg/min, mg/kg/hr, mg/hr, ng/kg/min, g/hr, mEq/hr, Million units/hr, units/min, units/hr, units/kg/hr, units/kg/min, mmol/min, mmol/hr. *Refurbished *1-Year Warranty
Willow O'Donnell

Refurbished Abbott Hospira Plum A+ 3 Triple Channel Infusion IV Pump - 0 views

www.tribesmart.com/...r515705

Purchase IV pumps Sell your IV pumps Sell you infusion pumps

shared by Willow O'Donnell on 31 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • Willow O'Donnell on 31 Oct 14
     
    Refurbished Abbott Hospira Plum A+ 3 Infusion Pump. The A+3 is a triple channel pump that allows each channel to be programmed and ran individually. Delivery rates in include primary, secondary and concurrent. The A+3 allows for a variety of delivery units including: mL/hr, mcg/kg/min, mcg/min, mcg/kg/hr, cg/hr, mg/min, mg/kg/hr, mg/hr, ng/kg/min, g/hr, mEq/hr, Million units/hr, units/min, units/hr, units/kg/hr, units/kg/min, mmol/min, mmol/hr. *Refurbished *1-Year Warranty
Willow O'Donnell

Refurbished Abbott Hospira Plum A+ 3 Triple Channel Infusion - nextechclassifieds - 0 views

www.nextechclassifieds.com/...898875

Purchase IV pumps Sell your you infusion

shared by Willow O'Donnell on 10 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Willow O'Donnell on 10 Nov 14
     
    Refurbished Abbott Hospira Plum A+ 3 Infusion Pump. The A+3 is a triple channel pump that allows each channel to be programmed and ran individually. Delivery rates in include primary, secondary and concurrent. The A+3 allows for a variety of delivery units including: mL/hr, mcg/kg/min, mcg/min, mcg/kg/hr, cg/hr, mg/min, mg/kg/hr, mg/hr, ng/kg/min, g/hr, mEq/hr, Million units/hr, units/min, units/hr, units/kg/hr, units/kg/min, mmol/min, mmol/hr. *Refurbished *1-Year Warranty
Nathan Goodyear

Pharmacologic ascorbic acid concentrations selectively kill cancer cells: Action as a p... - 0 views

www.pnas.org/...13604.full

IV vitamin C cancer ascorbic acid vitamin C H2O2 GPX glutathione Perioxidase

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Feb 11 - Cached
  • Taken together, these data indicate that ascorbate at concentrations achieved only by i.v. administration may be a pro-drug for formation of H2O2, and that blood can be a delivery system of the pro-drug to tissues.
  • These findings give plausibility to i.v. ascorbic acid in cancer treatment, and have unexpected implications for treatment of infections where H2O2 may be beneficial
  • pharmacologic concentrations of ascorbate killed cancer but not normal cells, that cell death was dependent only on extracellular but not intracellular ascorbate, and that killing was dependent on extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formation with ascorbate radical as an intermediate
  • ...48 more annotations...
  • Our data show that ascorbic acid selectively killed cancer but not normal cells, using concentrations that could only be achieved by i.v. administration
  • Ascorbate-mediated cell death was due to protein-dependent extracellular H2O2 generation, via ascorbate radical formation from ascorbate as the electron donor. Like glucose, when ascorbate is infused i.v., the resulting pharmacologic concentrations should distribute rapidly in the extracellular water space (42). We showed that such pharmacologic ascorbate concentrations in media, as a surrogate for extracellular fluid, generated ascorbate radical and H2O2. In contrast, the same pharmacologic ascorbate concentrations in whole blood generated little detectable ascorbate radical and no detectable H2O2. These findings can be accounted for by efficient and redundant H2O2 catabolic pathways in whole blood (e.g., catalase and glutathione peroxidase) relative to those in media or extracellular fluid
  • ascorbic acid administered i.v. in pharmacologic concentrations may serve as a pro-drug for H2O2 delivery to the extracellular milieu
  • H2O2 generated in blood is normally removed by catalase and glutathione peroxidase within red blood cells, with internal glutathione providing reducing equivalents
  • The electron source for glutathione is NADPH from the pentose shunt, via glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. If activity of this enzyme is diminished, the predicted outcome is impaired H2O2 removal causing intravascular hemolysis, the observed clinical finding.
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 05 Mar 18
       
      The mechansism here is inadequate recycling of GSH due to lack of G6PD, build up of intracellular H2O2 and RBC lysis--hemolysis.
  • Only recently has it been understood that the discordant clinical findings can be explained by previously unrecognized fundamental pharmacokinetics properties of ascorbate
  • Intracellular transport of ascorbate is tightly controlled in relation to extracellular concentration
  • Intravenous ascorbate infusion is expected to drastically change extracellular but not intracellular concentrations
  • For i.v. ascorbate to be clinically useful in killing cancer cells, pharmacologic but not physiologic extracellular concentrations should be effective, independent of intracellular ascorbate concentrations.
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 05 Mar 18
       
      accumulation of extracellular vitamin C is the effect.
  • It is unknown why ascorbate, via H2O2, killed some cancer cells but not normal cells.
  • There was no correlation with ascorbate-induced cell death and glutathione, catalase activity, or glutathione peroxidase activity.
  • H2O2, as the product of pharmacologic ascorbate concentrations, has potential therapeutic uses in addition to cancer treatment, especially in infections
  • Neutrophils generate H2O2 from superoxide,
  • i.v. ascorbate is effective in some viral infections
  • H2O2 is toxic to hepatitis C
  • Use of ascorbate as an H2O2-delivery system against sensitive pathogens, viral or bacterial, has substantial clinical implications that deserve rapid exploration.
  • Recent pharmacokinetics studies in men and women show that 10 g of ascorbate given i.v. is expected to produce plasma concentrations of nearly 6 mM, which are >25-fold higher than those concentrations from the same oral dose
  • As much as a 70-fold difference in plasma concentrations is expected between oral and i.v. administration,
  • Complementary and alternative medicine practitioners worldwide currently use ascorbate i.v. in some patients, in part because there is no apparent harm
  • Human Burkitt's lymphoma cells
  • We first investigated whether ascorbate in pharmacologic concentrations selectively affected the survival of cancer cells by studying nine cancer cell lines
  • Clinical pharmacokinetics analyses show that pharmacologic concentrations of plasma ascorbate, from 0.3 to 15 mM, are achievable only from i.v. administration
  • plasma ascorbate concentrations from maximum possible oral doses cannot exceed 0.22 mM because of limited intestinal absorption
  • For five of the nine cancer cell lines, ascorbate concentrations causing a 50% decrease in cell survival (EC50 values) were less than 5 mM, a concentration easily achievable from i.v. infusion
  • All tested normal cells were insensitive to 20 mM ascorbate.
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 05 Mar 18
       
      meaning safe.
  • Lymphoma cells were selected because of their sensitivity to ascorbate
  • As ascorbate concentration increased, the pattern of death changed from apoptosis to pyknosis/necrosis, a pattern suggestive of H2O2-mediated cell death
  • Apoptosis occurred by 6 h after exposure, and cell death by pyknosis was ≈90% at 14 h after exposure
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 05 Mar 18
       
      work continued beyond the IVC therapy itself
  • In contrast to lymphoma cells, there was little or no killing of normal lymphocytes and monocytes by ascorbate
  • Ascorbate is transported into cells as such by sodium-dependent transporters, whereas dehydroascorbic acid is transported into cells by glucose transporters and then immediately reduced internally to ascorbate
  • Whether or not intracellular ascorbate was preloaded, extracellular ascorbate induced the same amount and type of death.
  • extracellular ascorbate in pharmacologic concentrations mediates death of lymphoma cells by apoptosis and pyknosis/necrosis, independently of intracellular ascorbate.
  • H2O2 as the effector species mediating pharmacologic ascorbate-induced cell death
  • Superoxide dismutase was not protective
  • Because these data implicated H2O2 in cell killing, we added H2O2 to lymphoma cells and studied death patterns using nuclear staining (19, 28). The death patterns found with exogenous H2O2 exposure were similar to those found with ascorbate
  • For both ascorbate and H2O2, death changed from apoptosis to pyknosis/necrosis as concentrations increased
  • Sensitivity to direct exposure to H2O2 was greater in lymphoma cells compared with normal lymphocytes and normal monocytes
  • There was no association between the EC50 for ascorbate-mediated cell death and intracellular glutathione concentrations, catalase activity, or glutathione peroxidase activity
  • H2O2 generation was dependent on time, ascorbate concentration, and the presence of trace amounts of serum in media
  • ascorbate radical is a surrogate marker for H2O2 formation.
  • whatever H2O2 is generated should be removed by glutathione peroxidase and catalase within red blood cells, because H2O2 is membrane permeable
  • The data are consistent with the hypothesis that ascorbate in pharmacologic concentrations is a pro-drug for H2O2 generation in the extracellular milieu but not in blood.
  • The occurrence of one predicted complication, oxalate kidney stones, is controversial
  • In patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, i.v. ascorbate is contraindicated because it causes intravascular hemolysis
  • ascorbate at pharmacologic concentrations in blood is a pro-drug for H2O2 delivery to tissues.
  • ascorbate, an electron-donor in such reactions, ironically initiates pro-oxidant chemistry and H2O2 formation
  • data here showed that ascorbate initiated H2O2 formation extracellularly, but H2O2 targets could be either intracellular or extracellular, because H2O2 is membrane permeant
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 05 Mar 18
       
      the conversion of ascorbate to H2O2 occurs extracellular
  • More than 100 patients have been described, presumably without glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, who received 10 g or more of i.v. ascorbate with no reported adverse effects other than tumor lysis
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Feb 11
     
    IV vitamin C benefits cancer patients
Nathan Goodyear

Maternal 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Preterm Birth in Twin Gesta... : Obstetrics & Gynecology - 0 views

journals.lww.com/...nd_Preterm_Birth_in.99784.aspx

vitamin D PTD preterm delivery pregnancy

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Jun 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Jun 13
     
    vitamin D associated with increased Pre term delivery in twin pregnancies.  This is a cohort, so not the most reliable of study designs, but known that vitamin D inhibits inflammation and that this plays a role in labor...logic makes sense.
Nathan Goodyear

Inflammatory responses to trivalent influenza virus ... [Vaccine. 2011] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...21945263

influenza flu pregnancy CRP IL-6 TNF-alpha women preeclampsia preterm delivery PTD vaccine

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Nov 12
     
    This article's conclusion fits the definition of insane. This article found that the flu vaccine in pregnant women found significant increased CRP, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 inflammatory biomarkers.  It is well recognized the impact of inflammation on health and in this case the developing baby.   For example, preeclampsia and preterm birth are inflammatory conditions.  Yet, ACOG has made recommmendations for all pregnant women to get the flu vaccine?!?! Here is their conclusion: "However, further research is needed to confirm that the mild inflammatory response elicited by vaccination is benign in pregnancy".  Take home, you are being studied to see the effects of the flu vaccine on you, if you are pregnant, and your developing child.  And who decides what "mild" is anyways.  If you develop preeclampsia and delivery early, where is the "mild" in that?
Nathan Goodyear

International Journal of Obesity - Abstract of article: Childhood overweight after esta... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...ijo201127a.html

overweight obesity antibiotics children pediatrics microbiota dysbiosis gut flora childhood weight

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Apr 12
     
    the usage of antibiotics during the first 6 months of a child's life appears to be associated with an increased risk of overweight in children.  There was a slight increased association with mode of delivery (C/S worse than vaginal), but this was not statistical.
Nathan Goodyear

Perinatal outcomes after bariatric surgery: nationwide population based matched cohort ... - 0 views

www.bmj.com/bmj.f6460

bariatric surgery weight loss obesity pre-term delivery SGA small for gestational age pregnancy

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Nov 13
     
    Weight loss surgery associated with increased rate of pre-term delivery and SGA.
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Buy Tramadol 100 mg Online | Order Tramadol Without Prescription - 0 views

www.youronlinerx.com/...tramadol-100-mg

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shared by tramadolorder on 24 Feb 20 - No Cached
  • tramadolorder on 24 Feb 20
     
    Buy Cheap Tramadol Online for sale with Cash on Delivery from the reputed pharmacy. Tramadol for sale, no prescription for buy Tramadol online with overnight shipping. Buy Tramadol Online now Contact Info Address: New York, NY Ph: (+1) 3473055444 Email : onlinecarehelpline@gmail.com website - https://www.youronlinerx.com
Nathan Goodyear

Tumor Vasculature Targeted Photodynamic Therapy for Enhanced Delivery of Nanoparticles ... - 0 views

pubs.acs.org/...nn501134q

PTD cancer photodynamic therapy

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Nov 22 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Nov 22
     
    Increase tumor permeability, delivery, of nanoparticles.
Nathan Goodyear

Ascorbate in pharmacologic concentrations selectively generates ascorbate radical and h... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC1885574

vitamin C ascorbic acid Cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Mar 18 - No Cached
  • Proposed mechanism
  • The data show that pharmacologic ascorbate concentrations produced Asc•− selectively in extracellular fluid compared with blood and that H2O2 formation occurred when Asc•− concentrations were >100 nM in extracellular fluid.
  • These data validate the hypothesis that ascorbate is a prodrug for selective delivery of reactive species to the extravascular space
  • ...22 more annotations...
  • pharmacologic ascorbate as a prooxidant drug for therapeutic use.
  • Recently we reported that pharmacologic ascorbic acid concentrations produced H2O2 concentrations of ≥25 μM, causing cancer cell death in vitro
  • We found that H2O2 concentrations generated in vivo were those that caused cancer cell death in vitro
  • When ascorbate was given parenterally, Asc•−, the product of a loss of one electron from ascorbate, was detected preferentially in extracellular fluid compared with blood
  • Asc•− generation in extracellular fluid depended on the ascorbate dose and the resulting concentrations
  • With i.v. administration of ascorbate, Asc•− concentrations were as much as 12-fold greater in extracellular fluid compared to blood and approached 250 nM
  • In blood, such Asc•− concentrations were never produced and were always <50 nM
  • These data are all consistent with the hypothesis that pharmacologic ascorbate concentrations in vivo serve as a prodrug for selective delivery of H2O2 to the extracellular space
  • After oral ingestion, control of intracellular and extracellular ascorbate concentrations is mediated by three mechanisms: intestinal absorption, tissue transport, and renal reabsorption
  • intestinal absorption, or bioavailability, declines at doses >200 mg
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 05 Mar 18
       
      significant limitation of gut absorption of vitamin C--at 200 mg po.
  • corresponding to plasma concentrations of ≈60 μM
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 05 Mar 18
       
      equates to 0.06 mM.  Max blood levels found with po AA dosing has been 0.22 mM
  • at approximately this concentration, the ascorbate tissue transporter SVCT2 approaches Vmax, and tissues appear to be saturated
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 05 Mar 18
       
      SVCT2 Rc in gut reach max binding.
  • also at ≈60 μM, renal reabsorption approaches saturation, and excess ascorbate is excreted in urine
  • Parenteral administration bypasses tight control
  • When tight control is bypassed, H2O2 forms in the extracellular space
  • in vivo validation of ascorbate as a prodrug for selective H2O2 formation
  • Temporarily bypassing tight control with parenteral administration of ascorbate allows H2O2 to form in discrete time periods only, decreasing likelihood of harm, and provides a pharmacologic basis for therapeutic use of i.v. ascorbate
  • H2O2 formation results in selective cytotoxicity
  • Tumor cells are killed with exposure to H2O2 for ≤30 min
  • In vitro, killing is mediated by H2O2 rather than Asc•−
  • In addition to cancer treatment, another potential therapeutic use is for treatment of infections. H2O2 concentrations of 25–50 μM are bacteriostatic
  • virally infected cells may also be candidates
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Mar 18
     
    follow up invivo study to previous study from 2005.  Here, the authors prove their hypothesis that ascorbate is a prodrug for delivery of H2O2.
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