Low estrogen levels in ovarian failure patients found to reduce flares in those with Lupus. Estrogen can promote inflammation, especially high estrone levels. It is easy to see how ovarian failure and a drop in estrogen could reduce inflammation and thus autoimmune flares.
high aromatase activity and conversion of testosterone to estrogen conversion plays a role in lupus and RA. Inflammatory cytokines are shown to increase aromatase activity.
It is important to realize that birth control pills are associated with increased risk. This review found and increase in cardiovascular disease, melanoma, lupus, and breast cancer; however, a lower risk of colon and ovarian cancer was found.
DHEA therapy has provided benefit in autoimmune disease. IN this study they review the previous articles and physiology behind DHEA's proposed benefit in autoimmune disease.
Vitamin D supplementation in those individuals with SLE found to benefit these patients. Vitamin D found to reduce TH1 and Th17 activity. It also was found to decrease memory B cells and auto-antibodies. Also of note is the level of vitamin D after therapy-only at 51.4 at 2 months and 41.5 at 6 months.
Eyebrow hair loss is rare. However, this does not make it less disturbing for the people who experience it. There are many factors, which can contribute to the eyebrow hair loss. Over-plucking, medication, eczema, alopecia areata, and lupus are some common triggers of eyebrow hair loss
Testosterone therapy in men with Sjogren's disease and Lupus reduces inflammation (ESR, RF, ANA). In fact, clinical remission was noted in all patients.
Estrogens appear to have an immune stimulatory effect in the presence of inflammatory cytokines. The estrogens appear to increase inflammation through activation of NFkappaB. But of course, not all estrogens are equal. This article is primarily referencing E2. I would expect E1 due to its preference for ER alpha, but not E3, due to its ER beta preference.