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Nice read on how loss environment and immune dysfunction help lead to LUpus

Nice review of the literature of Estrogens, estrogen receptors and their effect on cytokine production and Lupus.

Low estrogen levels in ovarian failure patients found to reduce flares in those with Lupus.  Estrogen can promote inflammation, especially high estrone levels.  It is easy to see how ovarian failure and a drop in estrogen could reduce inflammation and thus autoimmune flares.

HRT, particularily estrogen therapy, is shown to increase mild to moderate flares of lupus.

Chronic inflammatory disease states, such as Lupus and RA associated with low DHEA.

high aromatase activity and conversion of testosterone to estrogen conversion plays a role in lupus and RA.  Inflammatory cytokines are shown to increase aromatase activity.

Balance of T reg cells and Th17 cells plays a role in active versus inactive Lupus.

Increase in Th17 cells and decrease in Treg cells is the hallmark inflammatory imbalance in Lupus.

Clinical use of anti-SSA antibodies.  Most commonly linked with Lupus and Sjogren's syndrome.  

Omega-3 supplementation beneficial in patients with Lupus.  This study found a reduction in oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction

Lupus associated with increased fungal infections.

6 cases presented in women that developed Lupus following HPV vaccination.

It is important to realize that birth control pills are associated with increased risk.  This review found and increase in cardiovascular disease, melanoma, lupus, and breast cancer; however, a lower risk of colon and ovarian cancer was found.

This is in lupus, but NETosis is instrumental in cancer; Here gingerols implicated in reducing NETosis.

DHEA therapy has provided benefit in autoimmune disease.  IN this study they review the previous articles and physiology behind DHEA's proposed benefit in autoimmune disease.

Vitamin D supplementation in those individuals with SLE found to benefit these patients.   Vitamin D found to reduce TH1 and Th17 activity.  It also was found to decrease memory B cells and auto-antibodies.  Also of note is the level of vitamin D after therapy-only at 51.4 at 2 months and 41.5 at 6 months.

Eyebrow hair loss is rare. However, this does not make it less disturbing for the people who experience it. There are many factors, which can contribute to the eyebrow hair loss. Over-plucking, medication, eczema, alopecia areata, and lupus are some common triggers of eyebrow hair loss

Testosterone therapy in men with Sjogren's disease and Lupus reduces inflammation (ESR, RF, ANA).  In fact, clinical remission was noted in all patients.

older study and only the abstract.  However, sex hormones play role in inflammation and autoimmune disease.

Estrogens appear to have an immune stimulatory effect in the presence of inflammatory cytokines.  The estrogens appear to increase inflammation through activation of NFkappaB.  But of course, not all estrogens are equal.  This article is primarily referencing E2.  I would expect E1 due to its preference for ER alpha, but not E3, due to its ER beta preference.