Group items tagged

macronutrient intake and effect on glucose regulation and thus metabolism.

very nice article that looks at the balance of ER-alpha/ER-beta and their role in metabolic syndrome.  This article discusses the balance of  these receptors are tissue dependent in their effect.  I like their conclusion: "...but these mechanisms will never be completely understood if they are not considered in the context of a whole system.

vitamin D in those with vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance have improved insulin sensitivity.  The doses used in the case studies presented are low.  This article highlights the fact that vitamin D outperforms metformin in improved insulin sensitivity.

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to control blood sugar. Diabetes can be caused by too little insulin, resistance to insulin, or both. To understand diabetes, it is important to first understand the normal process by which food is broken down and used by the body for energy. Several things happen when food is digested: A sugar called glucose enters the bloodstream. Glucose is a source of fuel for the body. An organ called the pancreas makes insulin. The role of insulin is to move glucose from the bloodstream into muscle, fat, and liver cells, where it can be used as fuel. People with diabetes have high blood sugar because their body cannot move sugar into fat, liver, and muscle cells to be stored for energy. This is because either: Their pancreas does not make enough insulin Their cells do not respond to insulin normally Both of the above There are two major types of diabetes. The causes and risk factors are different for each type: Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age, but it is most often diagnosed in children, teens, or young adults. In this disease, the body makes little or no insulin. Daily injections of insulin are needed. The exact cause is unknown. Type 2 diabetes makes up most diabetes cases. It most often occurs in adulthood. However, because of high obesity rates, teens and young adults are now being diagnosed with it. Many people with type 2 diabetes do not know they have it. Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar that develops at any time during pregnancy in a woman who does not have diabetes. Diabetes affects more than 20 million Americans. Over 40 million Americans have pre-diabetes (which often comes before type 2 diabetes).

This is the abstract from oral presentation at AACE in Las Vegas from May.  Small study finds reduction in fat mass, increase in muscle mass, increase in insulin sensitivity, and reduction in inflammation signaling with Testosterone therapy in men with low Testosterone.  These men were type 2 diabetics.  This is consistent with prior published literature.  However, men without diabetes, this association is hard to reproduce. The degree of glucose control also effects the response to Testosterone therapy i.e. the worse the glucose control, the more the response from Testosterone.   Also of note, those men with hypogonatrophic hypogonadism had decreased insulin receptor expression, decreased insulin sensitivity, and decreased GLUT-4 expression versus eugonadal men.  Remember from prior studies, it is the conversion of Testosterone to DHT that increases GLUT-4 transcription, translocation, and expression.

insulin resistance inversely associated with Testosterone.  As insulin resistance increases, Testosterone decreases.

in those with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, low adiponectin is associated with the insulin resistance, not the NAFLD.  But of course, insulin resistance leads to NAFLD

insulin resistance shown to play a role in cognitive impairment.  Rising Insulin resistance is not just associated with obesity, but also brain dysfunction similar to that in strokes.  This indicates a vascular component in the cognitive function.  The same rise in obesity will likely result in a rise in neurodegenerative disorders.

Thyroid treatment in those with hypothyroidism and insulin resistance provided no benefit to the insulin resistance.  But, Total cholesterol did improve. 

Insulin resistance has dual mechanism of contribution to Alzheimer's disease

college football lineman at increased risk of obesity, insulin resistance, and future health problems

d-chiro-inositol improves insulin sensitivity and thus reduces insulin resistance

D-chiro-inositol deficiency and its role in PCOS, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism

Insulin resistance and fatty liver

Testosterone and insulin resistance.  Testosterone improves insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function.

elevated insulin in insulin resistance decreases circulating Natriuretic peptide.  This provides a direct link between obesity and cardiovascular disease

IPT found to be effextive in treated castrate-resistant prostate cancer.

DHT found to have no effect insulin and insulin resistance in young men.

Good review of Testosterone and CHD.  Low T is associated with increased all cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, CAD, CHF, type II diabetes, obesity, increased IMT,  increased severity of CAD and CHF.  Testosterone replacement in men with low T has been shown to improve exercise tolerance in CHF, improve insulin resistance, improve HgbA1c and lower BMI in the obese.

good discussion on incretins and their role in glucose homeostasis.