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Nathan Goodyear

Comparison of the efficacy of micronized... [Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24488582

progesterone hormone hormones bioidentical progestin synthetic endometrial hyperplasia women

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Feb 14
     
    Study compared bioidentical progesterone (micronized progesterone) to a synthetic progestin in the inhibition of endometrial hyperplasia progression.  The study found that the synthetic progestin worked best, but they both inhibited progression of the endometrial hyperplasia when followed out to 3 months therapy.
Nathan Goodyear

High Testosterone and Low Progesterone Circulating Levels in Premenopausal Patients wit... - 0 views

cancerres.aacrjournals.org/...841.long

Testosterone progesterone hormones cancer women female hormones breast pre-menopause

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Sep 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Sep 16
     
    higher Testosterone levels, in conjunction with lower progesterone levels, found in premenopausal women with breast hyperplasia and breast cancer.  The authors point to elevated androgens in breast cancer induction and development.  This same hormone patter, low progesterone/elevated Testosterone, is associated with PCOS in women.
Nathan Goodyear

Essential Role for Estrogen Receptor β in Stromal-Epithelial Regulation of Pr... - 0 views

endo.endojournals.org/...566.abstract

ER-alpha ER-beta BPH aromatase activity prostate men male T testosterone low estrogen

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Sep 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Sep 12
     
    ER beta agonists shown to be anti-proliferative in the prostate and "ablated preexisting prostatic epithelial hyperplasia".  This has important implications: low T conditions increase ER alpha expression, which increases ER alpha production.  Low T is a pro inflammatory state in men, which increases aromatase activity.  Thus increase conversion of T to E2 in the stroma of the prostate results in growth.  ER beta is not activated.
Nathan Goodyear

Vitamin D is associated with testosterone and hypogonadism in Chinese men: Results from... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4504177

vitamin d male hormones low T low Testosterone Testosterone

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jan 17 - No Cached
  • lower 25(OH)D level was significantly associated with lower total T, E2, SHBG, LH and FSH levels after adjusting for age, residence area, economic status and current smoker
  • association between 25(OH)D status and hypogonadism in Chinese men and confirms that this relationship is present in a large population
  • VDR knockout mutant mice showed gonadal insufficiencies
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • High LH and FSH levels in the male mice indicated hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
  • Another mouse study reported a tendency towards low testosterone/LH ratio and Leydig cell hyperplasia in VDR null mice
  • The serum testosterone levels could increase to normal values in vitamin D-deficient rats replete with vitamin D
  • VDR knockout mice had decreased sperm count, reduced sperm motility, and histological abnormality of the testis
  • vitamin D supplementation increases testosterone levels in non-diabetic subjects
  • The data from the European Male Ageing Study [9] indicated that 25(OH)D is positively associated with total T
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jan 17
     
    Study of 713 Chinese men finds a correlation between low vitamin D and low total Testosterone.
Nathan Goodyear

Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Predictors for Clinical Benign Prostatic Hy... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...27351328

metabolic syndrome BPH LUTS lower urinary tract symptoms prostate men men's health

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Jun 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Jun 16
     
    Metabolic syndrome in men associated with progressive BPH and increased severity of LUTS.
Nathan Goodyear

Oestrogen and benign prostatic hyperplasia: effects on stromal cell proliferation and l... - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...483.full

prostate BPH Testosterone Estradiol aromatase

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 May 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 May 12
     
    this study finds aromatase presence in the stroma of the prostate and not the epithelium of the prostate.  This would support the thought that increased aromatase activity and thus conversion of Testosterone to Estradiol in the prostate stroma contributes to BPH.
Nathan Goodyear

Estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the normal, hyperplastic and carcinomatous human p... - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...447

ER-alpha ER-beta inflammation prostatitis BPH prostate cancer hyperplasia

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 May 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 May 12
     
    ER alpha and ER beta receptors play role in BPH and prostate cancers.  ER alpha is proliferative and inflammatory: ER beta is inhibitory.
Nathan Goodyear

Inflammation and insulin resistance 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.11.057 : FEBS Letters | Scie... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0014579307012082

inflammation insulin resistance IR PPAR TNF-alpha IL-6 IL-10 IL-1Beta JNK GLT-4 Resistin adiponectin Gherlin NF-kapppB iNOS lkkb obesity TLR-4

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • A subsequent study by Yuan et al. showed that Tnf treatment of 3T3L1 adipocytes induces insulin resistance and that this could be prevented by pretreatment of cells with aspirin
  • Activation of the Tnf receptor results in stimulation of NFκB signaling via Ikkb
  • Insulin is a pleiotropic hormone
  • ...25 more annotations...
  • the percentage of macrophages in a given adipose tissue depot is positively correlated with adiposity and adipocyte size
  • Il-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages and lymphocytes
  • Il-10 exerts its anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting Tnf-induced NFκB activation by reducing IKK activity [38]
  • adipose tissue macrophages are responsible for nearly all adipose tissue Tnf expression and a significant portion of Nos2 and Il6 expression
  • One theory holds that the expansion of adipose tissue leads to adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia and that large adipocytes outstrip the local oxygen supply leading to cell autonomous hypoxia with activation of cellular stress pathways
  • The use of the anti-inflammatory compounds, salicylate and its derivative aspirin, for treating symptoms of T2DM dates back over 100 years
  • elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin (IL-8) have all been reported in various diabetic and insulin resistant states
  • overnutrition and obesity are often accompanied by elevations in tissue and circulating FFA concentrations, and saturated FFAs can directly activate pro-inflammatory responses
  • Adipokines such as resistin, leptin and adiponectin, which are secreted by adipocytes, can also affect inflammation and insulin sensitivity
  • In skeletal muscle insulin promotes glucose uptake by stimulating translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter
  • macrophages are also capable of undergoing a phenotypic switch from an M1 state, which was defined as the “classically activated” pro-inflammatory macrophage, to the M2 state or the “alternatively activated” non-inflammatory cell
  • saturated fatty acids are the most potent inducers of this inflammatory response
  • Several inducers of insulin resistance, including FFAs, pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, activate the expression of Nos2, the gene that encodes iNOS (reviewed in [33]
  • Adipose tissue insulin signaling results in decreased hormone sensitive lipase activity and this anti-lipolytic effect inhibits free fatty acid (FFA) efflux out of adipocytes.
  • In the liver, insulin inhibits the expression of key gluconeogenic enzymes and, therefore, insulin resistance in liver leads to elevated hepatic glucose production
  • elevated JNK activity in liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of obese insulin resistant mice, and knockout of Jnk1 (Jnk1−/−) leads to amelioration of insulin resistance in high fat diet
  • Adipose tissue from obese mice contains proportionately more M1 macrophages, whereas, lean adipose tissue contains more M2 macrophages, and increased M1 content positively correlates with inflammation, macrophage infiltration and insulin resistance
  • C-reactive protein (CRP)
  • these studies highlight the possibility that increased iNOS activity plays a direct role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance
  • the important role of Ikkb in the development of obesity and inflammation-induced insulin resistance.
  • It is probable that local concentrations of inflammatory mediators, such as FFAs, Tnf or other cytokines/adipokines contribute to this polarity switch
  • Tnf and other cytokines/chemokines are symptomatic of inflammation, and while they propagate and/or maintain the inflammatory state, they are not the initial cause(s) of inflammation
  • Tlr4, in particular, is stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin released by gram-negative bacteria
  • Tlr4 belongs to the family of Toll-like receptors that function as pattern recognition receptors that guard against microorganismal infections as part of the innate immune system.
  • Tlr4 stimulation results in the activation of both Ikkb/NFκB and JNK/AP-1 signaling, culminating in the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, including, Il1b, IL-6, Tnf, Mcp1, etc. (reviewed in [57
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Jan 12
     
    Great review of all the known components in the inflammation, insulin resistance link
Nathan Goodyear

Colonic CD8 and gamma delta T-cell infiltration with epithelial damage in children with... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...11241044

ASD autism inflammation children Lymphoid nodular hyperplasia LNH regressive

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Jan 12
     
    Study shows that gastrointestinal epithelial dysfunction is found in autism. This would play a critical role in systemic inflammation and would contribute to ASD symptoms through the gut-brain connection.
Nathan Goodyear

Hormonal Signaling in Prostatic Hyperplasia and Neoplasia - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...3463.full

men male BPH prostate cancer hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Sep 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Sep 12
     
    older study on the underlying biochemistry of BPH and prostate cancer.  Some of this data presented is outdated
Nathan Goodyear

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) epithelial cell line BPH-1 induces aromatase express... - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...89.full

prostate BPH PGE2 inflammation men male hormone hormones aromatase estradiol estrone stroma

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Sep 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Sep 12
     
    Increased aromatase activity is found in BPH.  PGE2 increases aromatase activity and thus increases Estradiol production in the stroma of the prostate.
Nathan Goodyear

Tissue and serum levels of principal androgens in benign prostatic hyperplasia and pros... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0039128X07000293

prostate cancer BPH Testosterone DHT androgens men male hormone hormones saliva

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Jan 14
     
    Serum evaluation of Testosterone and DHT poorly correlates with intraprostatic hormone levels.  Must look to saliva to get better clinical picture.
Nathan Goodyear

JCI - Alteration in the metabolism of dihydrotestosterone in elderly men with prostate ... - 0 views

www.jci.org/...pdf

DHT metabolite metabolites 3 alpha-androstanediol 3-alpha-diol male men hormone hormones metabolism prostate elderly

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Feb 14
     
    Even back in 1980, DHT metabolism was known.  Elderly men, 3alpha oxidoreductase is decreased resulting in decreased DHT to 3-alpha-diol.  This study discussed the DHT metabolite as inactive.  We now know that is not the case.
Nathan Goodyear

Benign prostatic hyperplasia: a new meta... [J Endocrinol Invest. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24458832

BPH benign prostatic hypertrophy Toll-like receptors TLRs hormone hormones low Testosterone T estrogen estradiol aromatase prostate metabolism

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 14
     
    The authors of this paper describe BPH as a metabolic disease: involving inflammation with increased expression of TLRs, hormone imbalance and altered metabolism
Nathan Goodyear

Relationship Between Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia/... [J Sex Med. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24612680

Testosterone men male hormone hormones BPH benign prostatic hypertrophy LUTS lower urinary tract symptoms

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Mar 14
     
    European study finds no correlation with Total Testosterone levels and lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hypertrophy.
Nathan Goodyear

Asian Journal of Andrology - Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine for benign ... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...aja2012173a.html

chinese herbal medicine BPH benign prostatic hypertrophy

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Aug 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 26 Aug 13
     
    Study doesn't find alot of "good" evidence to support Chinese herbal medicine in BPH.  However, the author states: "Before the introduction of conventional medication and surgery to China, the Chinese had solely relied on CHM to treat BPH for more than three thousand years".  That is 3,000 years of observational data that is being tossed out the window.
Nathan Goodyear

Oestrogen and benign prostatic hyperplasia: effects on stromal cell proliferation and l... - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...483

prostate BPH estradiol Testosterone men male hormone hormones aromatase

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Aug 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Aug 13
     
    Much has been debated about the effects of androgens on prostate growth.  However, growing evidence is emerging that prostatic aromatase activity is responsible.  This study finds that high aromatase activity and thus Testosterone to Estradiol conversion in the prostate stroma is responsible for the pathogenesis of BPH.
Nathan Goodyear

Analysis of Relations between serum levels of Epitestosterone, Estradiol, Testosterone,... - 0 views

www.biomed.cas.cz/...49_S113.pdf

PSA hormone hormones BPH Prostate cancer prostate cancer Epitestosterone men male aromatase Estradiol IGF-1

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Aug 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Aug 13
     
    Great confusion exists in the medical profession about Testosterone and PSA and the health of the prostate. The conversion of Estrogen, whether E2 or E1, and other variables are responsible for increases in PSA while on Testosterone therapy. This study points out that Estradiol in men stimulates cell line growth of prostate cancer. In contrast, Epitestosterone, an androgen metabolite, has antiandrogen, inhibits this estrogen activity. Epitestosterone exists in an inverse relationship to Estradiol and IGF-1.
Nathan Goodyear

PLOS ONE: Probiotic Microbes Sustain Youthful Serum Testosterone Levels and Testicular ... - 0 views

journals.plos.org/...article

hormone hormones low T low Testosterone hypogonadism Testosterone probiotic L reuters probiotics Lactobacillus lactobacillus reuteri male aging

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Studies in both humans and rodents, however, suggest that low testosterone is due to age-related lesions in testes rather than irregular luteinizing hormone metabolism
  • Various dietary factors and diet-induced obesity have been shown to increase the risk for late onset male hypogonadism and low testosterone production in both humans and mice
  • Testosterone deficiency and metabolic diseases such as obesity appear to inter-digitate in complex cause-and-effect relationships
  • ...28 more annotations...
  • dietary supplementation of aged mice with the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri makes them appear to be younger than their matched untreated sibling mice
  • These results indicate that gut microbiota induce modulation of local gastrointestinal immunity resulting in systemic effects on the immune system which activate metabolic pathways that restore tissue homeostasis and overall health
  • all these studies we consistently observed that young and aged mice consuming purified L. reuteri organisms had particularly large testes and a dominant male behavior.
  • The testes of probiotic-fed aged mice were rescued from both seminiferous tubule atrophy and interstitial Leydig cell area reduction typical of the normal aging process. Preservation of testicular architecture despite advanced age or high-fat diet coincided with remarkably high levels of circulating testosterone. The beneficial effects of probiotic consumption were recapitulated by the depletion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-17.
  • feeding of L. reuteri consistently increased the gonadal weights, consumption of a non-pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli) K12 organisms did not affect testicular weight
  • mice with dietary L. reuteri supplements were rescued from diet-induced obesity and had normal body weight and lean physique
  • Despite the comparable numbers of ST profiles, we determined that testes from L. reuteri-treated mice had increased ST cross-sectioned profiles
  • the probiotic organism induced prominent Leydig cell accumulations in the interstitial tissue between the ST's
  • The probiotic-associated increase of interstitial Leydig cell areas was sustained with advancing age at 7 (CD vs CD+LR, P = 0.0025; CD+E.coli vs CD+LR, P = 0.0251) and 12 months
  • mice eating L. reuteri had profoundly increased levels of circulating testosterone regardless of the type of diet they consumed
  • blocking pro-inflammatory Il-17 signaling entirely recapitulates the beneficial effects of probiotics
  • previous studies we found that dietary probiotics counteract obesity [19] and age-related integumentary pathology [18] at least in part by down-regulating systemic pro-inflammatory IL-17A-dependent signaling
  • Testes histomorphometry and serum androgen concentration data were both suggestive of a probiotic-associated up-regulation of spermatogenesis in mice
  • Lactobacillus reuteri we discovered that aging male animals had larger testes compared to their age-matched controls
  • xamined testes of probiotic microbe-fed mice and found that they had less testicular atrophy coinciding with higher levels of circulating testosterone compared to their age-matched controls
  • Similar testicular health benefits were produced using systemic depletion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-17 alone, implicating a chronic inflammatory pathway in hypogonadism
  • One specific aspect of this paradigm is reciprocal activities of pro-inflammatory Th-17 and anti-inflammatory Treg cells
  • Feeding of L. reuteri organisms was previously shown to up-regulate IL-10 levels and reduce levels of IL-17 [19] serving to lower systemic inflammation
  • insufficient levels of IL-10 may increase the risk for autoimmunity, obesity, and other inflammatory disease syndromes
  • Westernized diets are also low in vitamin D, a nutrient that when present normally works together with IL-10 to protect against inflammatory disorders
  • Physiological feedback loops apparently exist between microbes, host hormones, and immunity
  • The hormone testosterone has been shown to act directly through androgen receptors on CD4+ cells to increase IL-10 expression
  • studies in both humans and rodents suggest that hypogonadism is due to age-related lesions in testes rather than irregular LH metabolism
  • We postulate that probiotic gut microbes function symbiotically with their mammalian hosts to impart immune homeostasis to maintain systemic and testicular health [34]–[35] despite suboptimal dietary conditions.
  • Dietary factors and diet-induced obesity were previously shown to increase risk for age-associated male hypogonadism, reduced spermatogenesis, and low testosterone production in both humans and mice [2]–[4], [8]–[11], [14]–[17], phenotypic features that in this study were inhibited by oral probiotic therapy absent milk sugars, extra protein, or vitamin D supplied in yogurt.
  • Similar beneficial effects of probiotic microbes on testosterone levels and sperm indices were reported in male mice that had been simultaneously supplemented with selenium
  • L. reuteri-associated prevention of age- and diet-related testicular atrophy correlates with increased numbers and size of Leydig cells
  • the initial changes of testicular atrophy begin to occur in mice from the age of 6 moths onwards [7] and indicates that the trophic effect of L. reuteri on Leydig cells is a key event which precedes and prevents age-related changes in the testes of mice. This effect is reminiscent of earlier studies describing Leydig cell hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in the mouse and the rat testis that were achievable by the administration of gonadotropins, including human chorionic gonadotropin, FSH and LH
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15
     
    Fascinating study on how the addition of Lactobacillus reuteri increased Testicular size, prevented testicular atrophy, increased serum Testosterone production and protected against diet-induced/obesity-induced hypogonadism.  This was a mouse model
Nathan Goodyear

The relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia and ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...23850334

metabolic syndrome LUTS prostate BPH men male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 May 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 May 15
     
    Correlation found between increasing MetS components and LUTS/BPH incidence.  This points to more of a inflammatory, estrogen contribution, rather than an excess Testosterone issue as MetS is associated clearly with low T in men with MetS.
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