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great review of data on cardiac damage associated with extreme endurance training.  These EEEs, that they are called, are rare in those < 40 and usually involved genetic defects.  This article points to aggressive preventive testing in those > 50.

event over hydration with under renal excretion can lead to hyponatremia.  SIADH and resultant increased ECW is involved.  Weight is an adequate means to evaluate--no weight loss and/or weight gain may suggest fluid overload and potential hyponatremia.

Study looked at 9 athletes that were treated with IV fluids and found no significant morbidity with exercise associated hyponatremia.

Review of 4 studies found that Testosterone therapy improved exercise capacity in those patients with heart failure.

review study finds protein at 0.4 to 0.5 g/kg of LBM pre and post work out maximizes the anabolic effect.

Alcohol in the recovery phase suppresses anabolic repair through inhibition of mTOR--even when taken with protein.

study finds IV hydration with glucose and larger volume did not recover as well as those with 100 ml  of IV fluids.  This conclusion is incomplete as the time differences between the 2 groups was significant--group 2 (2.5 L fluid group) finished much faster and studies have shown that these endurance athletes are more prone to dehydration, more significant weight loss, adverse effects from the event.  This likely explains the difference between the 2 groups.

A tricycle for special needs is made so can go along for the ride in wheelchair or sitting in a special seat, both of which are attached right in front of another adult's trike. Tricycles to accommodate a vast array of special needs. Hand-pedaled recumbent tricycles are available for those without the use of their legs. Children, teens and adults with cerebral palsy and similar disorders can select tricycles specially designed to increase strength and coordination. Caregivers to autistic children can ride with their child on tandem special needs tricycles built to accommodate one adult and one child rider. Accessories are also available to convert standard trikes to suit specific needs. The objective of tricycle design is to produce wheelchairs that perform well and can provide appropriate seating and postural support without compromising strength, durability and safety. A Hand Driven Tricycle, abbreviated to trike is a three-wheeled passenger vehicle, usually carrying a single rider. The tricycle consists of a motorbike and an attached passenger sidecar and should not be confused with the tricycle. The trike is a motorized three-wheeled pedicab. Human-powered trikes are powered by pedals or hand cranks. Motorized trikes use motorcycle or scooter,or electric motors. Tricycles tend to be used for commercial purposes: such as "pedicabs" for transport passengers, and freight trikes for making deliveries. In the adult-sized tricycles are used primarily for recreation, shopping, and exercise. Tricycles are favoured by children and senior adults alike for their apparent stability versus a bicycle; but a conventional trike has poor dynamic lateral stability, and the rider must take care when cornering to avoid tipping the trike over. Standard Single Hand Driven Tricycle: Frame : Made by E.R.W. Tubes 22.22 mm- 18 G. Seat & Back : MS, CRC Sheet Seat Size 18"x 16" Wheel Size : Wheel Diameter 28"x 1 1/2" Tyre and Tube Standard Company. Parts : Standard Quality

mTOR signaling pathway involved with building muscle (hypertrophy)

Highly active men report better sexual function/performance than less active men, though less active men were not found to have ED or sexual dysfunction.

Article not yet available.  Just maybe, the but and the population of the micro biome in the gut should be the place to start, along with nutrition and exercise, instead of bariatric surgery.  Functional medicine has been pushing the micro biome impact on metabolism for years. I gladly welcome traditional medicine to the forefront of learning.

Liposuction is a body contouring procedure that is helpful for removing localized fat deposits on certain areas of body that are not responsive to diet and exercise.

Great review on over training syndrome and hypoadrenia.

Recovery is key to muscle growth in resistance training. New study finds soy protein supplementation blunts Testosterone response in recovery and Whey protein blunts cortisol response in recovery. Conclusion: Whey protein to blunt cortisol response in recovery will aid anabolic recovery.

Nitrates from greens aid in athletic training.

resistance/cardio interval training found to improve vascular endothelial function.

Most of the people in the entire world think that yoga is only for stretching and flexibility of the body, but there is a lot more about yoga. Yoga also gives the health benefits of daily practice of asanas and exercises.