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Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone: More Than Having the Guts to Win the Tour de France - 0 views

  • female adult mice have microbiomes similar to those of prepubescent mice of both sexes;
  • the commensal microbial community in adult male mice significantly deviates from this shared initial pool.
  • the microbiome in castrated adult males clearly shifts away from that of normal adult males and is closer to the microbiome of females
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  • The incidence of T1D in these mice is positively correlated with the “femaleness” of the microbiota
  • These results support the hypothesis that the host androgen level is influential in determining the composition of the microbiota, which in turn affects T1D initiation and progression
  • a high testosterone level enriches the microbiota for specific organisms such as segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) and Escherichia coli or Shigella–like (SECS) strains.
  • A minimum level of testosterone and specific male-enriched microbes working together upregulate M2 macrophage and IFN-γ producing T cells in pancreatic lymph nodes. Microarray data show that both the IFN-γ and IL-1β pathways are also stimulated.
  • These microbes also upregulate host testosterone
  • In four independent experiments, the authors found no universal unique “male microbiome”
  • they did find that four distinct combinations of microbial groupings (with an interesting lack of overlap at the individual family level in the four experiments) were enhanced by androgen
  • one species consists of the segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) and belongs to the Firmicutes, whereas the other is an Escherichia coli or Shigella–like (SECS) strain belonging to the Proteobacteria
  • colonization with protective microbiomes—e.g., SPF microbiota, SFB, and SECS—is positively correlated with high blood testosterone levels in male mice
  • A direct implication of this study is that probiotic administration or fecal transplantation is a theoretically possible approach to protection against T1D
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    nice summary of article on the relationship between Testosteorne and gut microbiome in autoimmune disease.
Nathan Goodyear

Associations of the Fecal Microbiome With Urinary Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites in... - 0 views

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    women with increased gut microbiome diversity found to have increased estrogen metabolites compared to parent estrogen i.e. gut microbiome diversity in women effects estrogen metabolism. 
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Nathan Goodyear

Associations of the Fecal Microbiome With Urinary Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites in... - 0 views

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    Post-menopause women with increased gut microbiome diversity found to be associated with increased urinary excretion of estrogen metabolites compared to parent estrogens.  This relationship has been shown to be associated with a reduced breast cancer risk.
Nathan Goodyear

Variable responses of human microbiomes to dietary supplementation with resistant starc... - 0 views

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    Research suggests that the gut microbiome may determine the effectiveness of therapy.  The future may be to determine the gut micrboiome, which will then dictate therapy.
Nathan Goodyear

Antibiotics in Early Life Alter the Gut Microbiome and Increase Disease Incidence in a ... - 0 views

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    Gut microbiome and type I diabetes
Nathan Goodyear

Population-based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition a... - 0 views

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    good review of the effects of the diversity of the gut microbiome.  Only abstracts available here.
Nathan Goodyear

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Does the Gut Microbiome Hold the Key? - 0 views

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    Gut microbiome diversity is different in stressed mice and calm mice in animal study.  Authors propose intricate connection between gut:brain and possible evaluation and therapy in PTSD.
Nathan Goodyear

BMC Microbiology | Full text | The Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes ratio of the human microb... - 0 views

  • The microbiota of the large intestine plays an important role in host metabolism and maintenance of host health
  • Our results defining a standard adult profile, together with previous reports, showed that C. leptum, C. coccoides, Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium represent the four dominant groups of the adult fecal microbiota
  • Sub-dominant groups are Lactobacilli Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio, Sporomusa, Atopobium as well as other bacterial groups including Clostridium clusters XI, XIVb, and XVIII
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  • In infant fecal microbiota, we observed Bifidobacterium as the dominant group
  • this observation is strongly related to diet, being enhanced by breast feeding
  • Significant higher numbers of Bifidobacterium were observed in infants versus adults and seniors
  • the gastrointestinal tract is first colonized by facultative anaerobes, such as E. coli
  • Strict anaerobes, such as Clostridium, colonize at later stages, as can be seen by the relatively low levels of C. leptum and C. coccoides in infants
  • diet change must be considered among the primary causes for such a shift of microbiota between infants and adults.
  • In the case of elderly subjects, our qPCR results indicated a significant increase in the counts of E. coli when compared to adults. This data is consistent with other publications indicating that elderly subjects harbor a different E. coli microbiota profile compared to younger adults
  • a number of authors reported a reduction in the numbers and diversity of many protective commensal anaerobes, such as Bacteroides and Bifidobacteria
  • The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio was already shown to be of significant relevance in signaling human gut microbiota status
  • Our measurements of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in adults obtained by our species-specific qPCR are in agreement with those obtained by Ley et al
  • Compared with young adults, the elderly have a different digestive physiology, characterized at a physiological level by a reduction in transit and of digestive secretions
  • The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio undergoes an increase from birth to adulthood and is further altered with advanced age
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    Good discussion of the gut microbiome.  Age effects the gut bacteria balance.  The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio increases from young, to young adult, to the elderly in this study.  Is this simply a reflection of aging or is the a biomarker that can be changed through diet and targeted probiotics?
Nathan Goodyear

Proton pump inhibitors decrease diversity in gut microbiome, increase risk for complica... - 0 views

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    Remember those PPIs that you have been taking for years (though the black box label is for 12 weeks)?  Those same PPIs decrease gut microbiome biodiversity.
Nathan Goodyear

Chemotherapy-driven dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiome. - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    Gut microbiome effected by chemotherapy and the result is GI mucositis.  A decrease in Firmicutes and Actinobacteria was found.
Nathan Goodyear

Parental Dietary Fat Intake Alters Offspring Microbiome and Immunity - 0 views

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    What legacy do you leave your children?  Study finds that the "lard legacy" is one many leave their children.  Adults with high fatty acid profile, found in SAD, but this leaves alter gut microbiome in their children.
Nathan Goodyear

Development of the infant intestinal microbiome: A bird's eye view of a complex process... - 0 views

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    Only abstract available here, but disease begins with altered infant gut microbiome
Nathan Goodyear

Chemotherapy‐driven dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiome - Montassier - 201... - 0 views

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    high‐dose Carmustine (Bis‐chloroethylnitrosourea), Etoposide, Aracytine and Melphalan found to alter gut bacteria diversity.
Nathan Goodyear

The Placenta Harbors a Unique Microbiome | Science Translational Medicine - 0 views

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    Paradigm shift: placenta is not sterile environment but contains bacteria from mother.  This microbiome may play role in the initiation of the offsprings gut micro biome.
Nathan Goodyear

Stool Microbiome Profiling of Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Receiving A... - 0 views

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    Gut microbiome diversity associated with increase in immunotherapy efficacy; particularly akermansia
Nathan Goodyear

The human tumor microbiome is composed of tumor type-specific intracellular bacteria | ... - 0 views

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    Fascinating relationship b/t tumors and tumor microbiome.
Nathan Goodyear

The Gut Microbiome, Microsatellite Status and the Response to Immunotherapy in Colorect... - 0 views

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    Highlights how there is any identifiable difference in the gut microbiome between colon and rectum.
Nathan Goodyear

Prolonged antibiotic treatment induces a diabetogenic intestinal microbiome that accele... - 0 views

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    Only abstract available here.  Animal study finds that gut bacteria induce diabetes and early antibiotic exposure accelerated this autoimmune activity.  This study also used VSL#3 to attempt to treat but no effect was evident.  
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