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very-low-calorie diets, like found in the HCG diet, results in insulin resistance in many individuals, results in muscle mass loss, and results in many negative effects, including weight gain.

Elevated LPS and metabolic endotoxemia associated with weight gain and type II diabetes

study links rhabdomyolysis to exercise induced hyponatremia.  This article links the depletion of glycogen to muscle release of IL-6 leading to increase in ECW and thus hyponatremia. The abstract discusses fluid restriction vs hypertonic 3% NaCL to reverse the more severe cases.  The first signs are of weight gain and thus weight should be monitored.  Decreased renal output is also associated with EAH.  Altered mental status is an early sign.

Bariatric wheelchairs (often referred to as extra wide wheelchairs or heavy duty wheelchairs) are strong enough to accommodate almost any user. Just like lighter manual chairs, bariatric wheelchairs are all foldable and feature armrests and swing-away footrests - but they differ quite a bit in their construction. While lightweight wheelchairs often employ materials like aluminum or titanium alloy, a bariatric wheelchair is usually fashioned from steel. Karma 8020 X Heavy Duty Wheelchair: It comes with detachable swing away footrests. The wheel chair has flip-back armrests. It comes with centre of gravity adjustment. The wheel chair has wide profile casters. Seat Size 20'' inch & 22'' inch Total Weight 17 K.G. Heavy duty wheelchairs (often referred to as extra wide wheelchairs or bariatric wheelchairs) are sturdy enough to accommodate almost any user. Just their lighter cousins, manual chairs, heavy duty models all fold and feature arm rests and swing-away footrests - but they differ quite a bit in their construction. Heavy duty wheelchairs require more strength to push by the caregiver and by the user, if the chair is self-propelled. In some cases, it may be wise for the caregiver to ask for assistance from another person in order to push the wheelchair safely. Karma 8520 Heavy Duty Wheelchair: It comes with detachable swing away footrests. The wheel chair has flip-back armrests. It comes with centre of gravity adjustment. The wheel chair has wide profile casters. Seat Size 20'' inch & 22'' inch Total Weight 17 K.G. Features: Dual, reinforced steel cross braces. Supports individuals maximum weight. Reinforced steel frame provides added support. Heavy duty, nylon reinforced upholstery with a back carry pouch. Removable, reversible desk length arms. Adjustable leg support.

great read on the current understanding of how obesity and resultant inflammation disrupts hypothalamic function.

orexin plays a role in weight gain through regulation of brown fat differentiation.  Low brown fat predisposes one to obesity.  Higher brown fat increases metabolism and thus increases fat burning capacity

Great article chronicles the biochemistry of "over nutrition" and inflammation through NF-kappaB activation and its impact on the brain.

nice review on Leptin resistance and weight gain from LifeExtensions

poor sleep reduces leptin and elevates ghrelin.  This will contribute to weight gain.

Chemotherapy is associated with a decline in lean body mass.  This could play a role in increase weight, especially in pre menopause women.

Melatonin helps in weight loss

Melatonin helps weight loss and improves cardiovascular disease risk factors

Green tea  leads to 5.6% weight loss and 17.8% fat accumulation in animals fed high fat diet

lepticor aids weight loss.

Mouse study finds that gluten diet increased weight gain by 20%, partly through increased insulin secretion.

Interesting study.  They found a "significant reduction of T(3) after 15 and 30 days" with SSRI use, yet their conclusion is SSRI is safe in hypothyroid.   The take is that part of the weight gain associated with SSRI use is through dysfunction of thyroid hormone production as the effects were also found with T4.

Androgen deprivation therapy in men has been shown to worsen insulin resistance and precipitate type II Diabetes as well as stimulate weight gain.  This suggests a cause effect relationship between Testosterone and insulin sensitivity.  Other studies have pointed to a reciprocal decline in Testosterone due to hyperglycemia--both acute and chronic.   Androgen deprivation has a significant long list of cardiovascular risks and this should be discussed with the patient.

Declining Testosterone or low Testosterone is clearly associated with poor health in men.   Very nice review of the association between low Testosterone and metabolic dysfunction.  Low T is associated with increased metabolic syndrome, Diabetes, weight gain, insulin resistance...

Life extesnsions rebuttal to recent JAMA study.  There was several significant flaws in that study and thus limited evidence can be gained by that study.  In fact, I find no useful clinical information from that study. In the rebuttal, there are flaws. The reference the low serum T after treatment and correctly discuss aromatase activity.  But they fail the mention that the less than optimal serum T is likely the result of the high aromatase activity in these men.  Age, stress, and weight are primary causes of increases estrogen production in these men.  These would be why likely high estrogen production occurred and less than optimal serum T resulted.   And, increased E2 will cause an increase in CRP which can precipitate CVD events.

Long-term high protein intake associated with increased gluconeogenesis.  In the presence of insulin resistance, this will promote weight gain.