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Nathan Goodyear

A Radioimmunoassay for 3,3',5'-L-Triiodothyronine (Reverse T3): Assessment of Thyroid G... - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...660

reverse T3 estrogen pregnancy hypothyroid hypothyroidism

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • Both pregnancy and estrogen administration were associated with increases in serum reverse T3 concentrations presumably because of their ability to augment thyroxine binding globulin synthesis.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Mar 11
     
    oral estrogen supplementation increase reverse T3 and lowers metabolism and leads to weight gain
Nathan Goodyear

Antibiotic growth promoters in agriculture: history and mode of action -- Dibner and Ri... - 0 views

ps.fass.org/...634

antibiotic growth therapy overweight obesity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Sep 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Sep 11
     
    look to use of antibiotics in the poultry science to see how antibiotics disrupt the normal balance of bacteria in the gut, which leads to weight gain and obesity.  Ditto for humans
Nathan Goodyear

Association of androgen-deprivation therapy with excess cardiac-specific mortality in m... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...1FB6E68961FAD6E8D59FE72.f04t04

androgen deprivation therapy ADT CVD cardiovascular disease men male hormone hormones prostate cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Nov 14
     
    Androgen Deprivation Therapy, ADT,  is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in men with pre-existing CVD.  This has also been shown to be the case with IR, Diabetes, weight gain...What man 40+ with prostate cancer doesn't have some degree of CVD??
Nathan Goodyear

Increased adiposity and insulin correlates with the progressive suppression of pulsatil... - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...233.abstract

growth hormone GH insulin obesity overweight

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Jul 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Jul 13
     
    Growth hormone inversely associated with weight and insulin levels.
Nathan Goodyear

International Journal of Obesity - Antiobesity action of peripheral exenatide (exendin-... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...0803284a.html

exanatide Byetta obesity fatty liver weight loss

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • Systemic exenatide reduces body weight gain in normal, high-fat-fed rodents
  • role in metabolic pathways mediating food intake.
  • the first of which to be identified was an enhancement of glucose-dependent insulin secretion
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • limits glucose appearance via glucose-dependent slowing of gastric emptying
  • suppression of inappropriately elevated postprandial glucagon secretion
  • promote pancreatic -cell proliferation and islet cell neogenesis in both animal and in vitro studies
  • short-term regulator of food intake
  • eceptor agonism in satiety
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Apr 11
     
    exanatide helps in obesity and fatty liver treatment
Nathan Goodyear

[Hyperandrogenism or insulin resistance. What... [Lakartidningen. 1993] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...8259024

insulin resistance testosterone therapy women weight gain

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Oct 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Oct 11
     
    This study shows that induced hyperandrogenism in women causes insulin resistance.  This should be taken well note of by many physicians and patient.  Many women are prescribed massive amounts of testosterone through pills or injections, which is likely contributing to weight increase.  
Nathan Goodyear

Metabolic endotoxemia: a molecular link between obesity and cardiovascular risk - 0 views

jme.endocrinology-journals.org/...R51.full

metabolic endotoxemia obesity insulin resistance cardiovascular disease LPS inflammation

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • Weight gain has been associated with a higher gut permeability
  • a high-fat diet promotes LPS absorption
  • higher concentrations of fatty acids impair intestinal barrier integrity
  • ...37 more annotations...
  • The starting point for innate immunity activation is the recognition of conserved structures of bacteria, viruses, and fungal components through pattern-recognition receptors
  • TLRs are PRRs that recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns
  • TLRs are transmembrane proteins containing extracellular domains rich in leucine repeat sequences and a cytosolic domain homologous to the IL1 receptor intracellular domain
  • The major proinflammatory mediators produced by the TLR4 activation in response to endotoxin (LPS) are TNFα, IL1β and IL6, which are also elevated in obese and insulin-resistant patients
  • Obesity, high-fat diet, diabetes, and NAFLD are associated with higher gut permeability leading to metabolic endotoxemia.
  • Probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotic treatment can reduce LPS absorption
  • LPS promotes hepatic insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic triglyceride accumulation, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines promoting the progression of fatty liver disease.
  • In the endothelium, LPS induces the expression of pro-inflammatory, chemotactic, and adhesion molecules, which promotes atherosclerosis development and progression.
  • In the adipose tissue, LPS induces adipogenesis, insulin resistance, macrophage infiltration, oxidative stress, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
  • the gut microbiota has been recently proposed to be an environmental factor involved in the control of body weight and energy homeostasis by modulating plasma LPS levels
  • dietary fats alone might not be sufficient to cause overweight and obesity, suggesting that a bacterially related factor might be responsible for high-fat diet-induced obesity.
  • This was accompanied in high-fat-fed mice by a change in gut microbiota composition, with reduction in Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium spp.
  • n humans, it was also shown that meals with high-fat and high-carbohydrate content (fast-food style western diet) were able to decrease bifidobacteria levels and increase intestinal permeability and LPS concentrations
  • it was demonstrated that, more than the fat amount, its composition was a critical modulator of ME (Laugerette et al. 2012). Very recently, Mani et al. (2013) demonstrated that LPS concentration was increased by a meal rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), while decreased after a meal rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA).
  • this effect seems to be due to the fact that some SFA (e.g., lauric and mystiric acids) are part of the lipid-A component of LPS and also to n-3 PUFA's role on reducing LPS potency when substituting SFA in lipid-A
  • these experimental results suggest a pivotal role of CD14-mediated TLR4 activation in the development of LPS-mediated nutritional changes.
  • This suggests a link between gut microbiota, western diet, and obesity and indicates that gut microbiota manipulation can beneficially affect the host's weight and adiposity.
  • endotoxemia was independently associated with energy intake but not fat intake in a multivariate analysis
  • in vitro that endotoxemia activates pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production via NFκB and MAPK signaling in preadipocytes and decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activity and insulin responsiveness in adipocytes.
  • T2DM patients have mean values of LPS that are 76% higher than healthy controls
  • LPS-induced release of glucagon, GH and cortisol, which inhibit glucose uptake, both peripheral and hepatic
  • LPSs also seem to induce ROS-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic cells
  • Recent evidence has been linking ME with dyslipidemia, increased intrahepatic triglycerides, development, and progression of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  • The hepatocytes, rather than hepatic macrophages, are the cells responsible for its clearance, being ultimately excreted in bile
  • All the subclasses of plasma lipoproteins can bind and neutralize the toxic effects of LPS, both in vitro (Eichbaum et al. 1991) and in vivo (Harris et al. 1990), and this phenomenon seems to be dependent on the number of phospholipids in the lipoprotein surface (Levels et al. 2001). LDL seems to be involved in LPS clearance, but this antiatherogenic effect is outweighed by its proatherogenic features
  • LPS produces hypertriglyceridemia by several mechanisms, depending on LPS concentration. In animal models, low-dose LPS increases hepatic lipoprotein (such as VLDL) synthesis, whereas high-dose LPS decreases lipoprotein catabolism
  • When a dose of LPS similar to that observed in ME was infused in humans, a 2.5-fold increase in endothelial lipase was observed, with consequent reduction in total and HDL. This mechanism may explain low HDL levels in ‘ME’ and other inflammatory conditions such as obesity and metabolic syndrome
  • It is known that the high-fat diet and the ‘ME’ increase intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation, thus synergistically contributing to the development and progression of alcoholic and NAFLD, from the initial stages characterized by intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation up to chronic inflammation (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis), fibrosis, and cirrhosis
  • On the other hand, LPS activates Kupffer cells leading to an increased production of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNFα
  • high-fat diet mice presented with ME, which positively and significantly correlated with plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), IL1, TNFα, STAMP2, NADPHox, MCP-1, and F4/80 (a specific marker of mature macrophages) mRNAs
  • prebiotic administration reduces intestinal permeability to LPS in obese mice and is associated with decreased systemic inflammation when compared with controls
  • Cani et al. also found that high-fat diet mice presented with not only ME but also higher levels of inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, and macrophage infiltration markers
  • This suggests that important links between gut microbiota, ME, inflammation, and oxidative stress are implicated in a high-fat diet situation
  • high-fat feeding is associated with adipose tissue macrophage infiltration (F4/80-positive cells) and increased levels of chemokine MCP-1, suggesting a strong link between ME, proinflammatory status, oxidative stress, and, lately, increased CV risk
  • LPS has been shown to promote atherosclerosis
  • markers of systemic inflammation such as circulating bacterial endotoxin were elevated in patients with chronic infections and were strong predictors of increased atherosclerotic risk
  • As a TLR4 ligand, LPS has been suggested to induce atherosclerosis development and progression, via a TLR4-mediated inflammatory state.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Aug 14
     
    Very nice updated review on Metabolic endotoxemia
Nathan Goodyear

The Ketogenic Diet and Sport: A Possible Marriage? : Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - 0 views

journals.lww.com/..._and_Sport___A_Possible.8.aspx

nutrition diet ketogenic ketogenic diet sports athletes exercise sports medicine

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 16 Nov 16 - No Cached
  • It is important to note that, although the blood level of glucose drops, it still remains at a physiological level (23), which is maintained through gluconeogenesis involving glucogenic amino acids and also glycerol released from triglycerides
  • “physiological ketosis” where KB levels may rise to 7 to 8 mmol L-1 (but without any pH change). In “pathological diabetic ketoacidosis,” on the other hand, ketonemia can exceed 20 mmol L-1 and also cause lowering of blood pH
  • in the initial phase of KD, about 16% of glucose comes from glycerol (released from triglyceride hydrolysis) and the bulk (60–65 g) from proteins via gluconeogenesis (proteins may be of either dietary or endogenous origin
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • the protein supply consumed during a KD “preserves,” as demonstrated, lean body mass
  • The importance of glycerol as a glucose source increases progressively during ketosis; in fact, glycerol passes from supplying 16% of total glucose to an average of 60% after many days (>7 d) of complete fasting (from 38% in lean individual to 79% in the obese).
  • The possible reasons for the effectiveness of KD for weight loss may be listed as follows, in order of evidence, strongest first: Figure 3Image Tools 1. Appetite reduction: protein satiety, effects on appetite-related hormones such as ghrelin, and possibly a sort of direct appetite-blocking effect of KB 2. Reduced lipogenesis and increased fat oxidation 3. A reduction in respiratory quotient may indicate a greater metabolic efficiency in fat oxidation 4. A thermic effect of proteins and increased energy usage by gluconeogenesis
  • all data regarding biochemical and molecular mechanisms suggest that it is very difficult to increase muscle mass during a KD; use of which really should be limited to the few days immediately before competition in bodybuilding.
  • a long-term KD can interfere with some muscle hypertrophy mechanisms and this could be counterproductive if the aim of the athlete is to gain muscle mass
  • Nathan Goodyear on 16 Nov 16
     
    Great read on the ketogenic  and its application to sports/training...
Nathan Goodyear

Weight gain decreases elevated plasma ghrelin concentrations of patients with anorexia ... - 0 views

www.eje-online.org/...669.short

ghrelin resistance anorexia nervosa weight

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Nov 11
     
    ghrelin resistance?  that is one suggested pathophysiologic mechanism in people with anorexia nervosa
Nathan Goodyear

Stress in obesity: cause or consequence? [Med Hypotheses. 2011] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...21444159

stress obesity overweight weight-gain weight loss cortisol

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Feb 12
     
    stress and obesity.  An intimate connection.
Nathan Goodyear

Colonization-Induced Host-Gut Microbial Metabolic Interaction - 0 views

mbio.asm.org/...e00271-10.full

gut flora gut microbiome gut microbiota CYP450 metabolism

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 May 15 - No Cached
  • he gut microbiota enhances the host’s metabolic capacity for processing nutrients and drugs and modulate the activities of multiple pathways in a variety of organ systems.
  • Acquisition of the gut microbiota was associated with rapid increase in body weight (4%) over the first 5 days of colonization
  • The colonization process stimulated glycogenesis in the liver prior to triggering increases in hepatic triglyceride synthesis
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • modifications of hepatic Cyp8b1 expression and the subsequent alteration of bile acid metabolites
  • Expression and activity of major drug-metabolizing enzymes (Cyp3a11 and Cyp2c29) were also significantly stimulated
  • The gut microbiota (GM) exhibits a relatively low level of diversity compared to those of most soil ecosystems and in humans it is comprised of usually no more than nine phyla of microorganisms, of which only two are dominant: the Firmicutes and the Bacteroidetes
  • colonization of a germfree gut was rapid and remarkably stable, establishing within only a week after first exposure
  • a study conducted on germfree rats by Nicholls et al. showed that 3 weeks were necessary to obtain a stabilization and “normalization”
  • the microbiota status affects the systemic metabolism of the host, modulating the metabolic fingerprint of topographically remote organs such as the liver and the kidney
  • Gut colonization induces a rapid weight gain associated with stimulation of hepatic glycogenesis and triglyceride synthesis
  • Gut colonization alters bile acid metabolite profiles via modulation of hepatic Cyp8b1 expression
  • Bile acids are well-known contributors to glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver
  • GM is known to alter bile metabolism
  • GM is also known to exert a strong influence on the metabolism of xenobiotics
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 May 15
     
    The effects of gut microbiome are not confined to the gut.  They alter bile acid metabolism and thus lipid/glucose metabolism.  They alter CYP450 activity.  They effect metabolism.  They effect the metabolism, and thus effects, of other drugs. 
Nathan Goodyear

Reduced rates of metabolism and decreased physical activity in breast cancer patients r... - 0 views

ajcn.nutrition.org/...1495.short

chemotherapy BMR metabolism breast cancer cancer weight weight gain obesity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 26 Aug 15
     
    study suggests chemotherapy slows basic metabolic rate (BMR) in breast cancer treatment.
Nathan Goodyear

Fructose decreases physical activity and increases body fat without affecting hippocamp... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...srep09589.html

fructose obesity fat diet nutrition activity physical activity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • the fructose animals gained significantly more weight than the glucose animals
  • The average liver mass of mice in the fructose treatment group was 20% heavier than for mice in the glucose group
  • The fat pads of mice consuming the fructose diet were 69% heavier than the fat pads of animals consuming the glucose diet
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • there are many studies showing that consumption of fructose in comparison to other monosaccharides results in increased de novo lipogenesis, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, BW6, 7 and, most recently, impaired cognitive function
  • in the present study, the intake of fructose by mice was more similar to that of typical human consumption in comparison to previous studies
  • prolonged consumption of diets containing fructose (11 weeks) increased BW and body fat deposition
  • studies in humans confirm that fructose, but not glucose (when provided as 25% of energy requirements), in the context of an energy-balanced diet increases de novo lipogenesis and visceral adiposity along with dyslipidemia, decreases insulin sensitivity10, 12 and decreases in fat oxidation
  • we hypothesize that fructose may reduce voluntary energy expenditure in terms of physical activity.
  • significant reduction (~20%) in physical activity in the fructose-fed animals in comparison to glucose
  • a recent study reported that ingestion of fructose (25% energy intake, 10 weeks) in human volunteers also resulted in reduced energy expenditure in relation to a diet with the same glucose dose
  • There is certainly evidence to suggest that, for example, exercise is able to prevent dyslipidemia in healthy subjects fed a weight-maintenance high-fructose diet (30%)54, which strongly suggests a protective role of physical activity in metabolic regulation.
  • the potential negative effects of fructose in brain and cognitive function have been investigated, with a series of studies showing cognitive deficits in spatial memory and learning in adolescent and adult animals following access to a high fructose diet
  • access to both fructose and sucrose, but not glucose, results in a 40% reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis
  • Collectively these studies seem to suggest that fructose consumption can have a considerable impact on hippocampal function and learning, which is in direct contrast with what we observed.
  • the impact of fructose is apparent only in BW, liver mass and body fat, but not in cognitive measures or rates of neurogenesis
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Aug 15
     
    animal study finds that fructose increased liver mass, abdominal fat and decreased physical activity when compared to glucose.  The study groups were iso caloric, but one group was fed 18% fructose and the other 18% glucose.
Nathan Goodyear

Curcumin Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Angiogenesis and Obesity in C57... - 0 views

jn.nutrition.org/...919.abstract

curcumin adipogenesis obesity weight loss

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • Dietary polyphenols may suppress growth of adipose tissue through their antiangiogenic activity and by modulating adipocyte metabolism
  • curcumin, the major polyphenol in turmeric spice
  • curcumin suppression of angiogenesis in adipose tissue together with its effect on lipid metabolism in adipocytes may contribute to lower body fat and body weight gain
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Our findings suggest that dietary curcumin may have a potential benefit in preventing obesity
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 11
     
    Curcumin useful in obesity
Nathan Goodyear

Reduced Rate of Energy Expenditure as a Risk Factor for Body-Weight Gain - NEJM - 0 views

www.nejm.org/...NEJM198802253180802

obese weight loss overweight metabolic rate

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Jul 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Jul 11
     
    Seems obvious, but lower metabolic rate increases obesity rate
Nathan Goodyear

Diagnosing Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults - 0 views

www.hindawi.com/...972617

HGH GH human growth hormone growth hormone IGF-1

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • it is clear that serum IGF-1 and or IGFBP-3 can be normal in patients with undisputed GHD
  • Various investigators have reported normal IGF-1 values in 37–70% of GH deficient adults
  • The co-administration of arginine and GHRH (the combined test) is a powerful stimulus for GH production and has gained increasing acceptance as a useful method of diagnosing GHD [34]. This test has been advocated as a suitable alternative to ITT
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • The glucagon stimulation test (GST) is a reliable, safe alternative to the ITT in the diagnosis of GHD
  • An intravenous infusion of arginine (0.5 g/kg body weight) together with an intravenous bolus of GHRH (1 mcg/kg body weight) is administered [30]. Serum samples for GH are then obtained every 15–30 minutes for two hours.
  • Obesity, particularly marked obesity, is associated with blunted GH secretion in response to provocative stimuli
  • It has also been suggested that that even mildly increased BMI (25–30 kg/m2) can result in diminished stimulated GH production in 13% of healthy subjects
  • Corneli et al. have defined BMI-specific cut-off points for diagnosing adult-onset GHD using GHRH + arginine—11.5 ng/mL for those with BMI < 25 kg/m2, 8.0 ng/mL for BMI 25–30 kg/m2, 4.2 ng/mL for those with BMI > 30 kg/m2
  • GH levels are higher during the luteal phase in comparison with the follicular phase of the cycle
  • Oral, in contrast to transdermal oestrogen, lowers IGF-1 levels and is associated with increased GH levels
  • Adequate pituitary replacement with thyroxine and hydrocortisone are needed for optimal GH production
  • one cannot rely on a low IGF-1 to diagnose GHD in women taking oral oestrogen preparations.
  • Numerous GH secretagogues are available with the insulin tolerance test being the gold standard and the glucagon stimulation test or the GHRH + arginine as acceptable alternatives
  • ain et al. found the GST to be at least as good as the ITT in provoking GH secretion
  • the GST is safe, with almost no contraindications, it causes nausea and sometimes vomiting in 15–20% of subjects
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Nov 14
     
    Nice, more recent analysis, of HGH testing.
kunalkumar03

Get rid of the Stretch Marks | Best Stretch Marks Removal Laser Treatment - Pixigenus -... - 1 views

youtu.be/W7nUffxg5Rk

hormones hormone cancer Testosterone inflammation Men disease Male obesity low

shared by kunalkumar03 on 01 Feb 19 - No Cached
  • kunalkumar03 on 01 Feb 19
     
    Stretch marks are formed deep within the dermis layer and happen due to rapid stretching, this causes damage to the skin's connecting tissues. To get rid of these stretch marks we are introducing to you our latest laser treatment i.e. PIXIGENUS. It is a unique technology to eliminate stretchmarks from various parts of the body. Watch the full video to know more. Stretch marks are caused because of rapid stretching of the skin that results into scars and discoloration of the skin. There are many reasons which can lead to stretch marks such as rapid weight reduction, quick weight gain, excessive exercise, steroids, pregnancy, hormonal changes, puberty etc. Millions of women have stretch marks, but this fact does little to lessen the embarrassment that most women feel at the appearance of these unattractive striations on their skin. Stretch marks, also known as striae, are a form of scarring on the skin with an off-color hue. Over time they may reduce, but will not disappear completely. Tearing of the dermis results into stretch marks.
Nathan Goodyear

Fructose-induced leptin resistance exacerbates weight gain in response to subsequent hi... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2584858

fructose HFCS leptin leptin resistance diet nutrition obesity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Jun 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Jun 16
     
    Another rat model finds that high fructose intake causes leptin resistance and worsens leptin resistance.
Nathan Goodyear

Associations of Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain With ... - 0 views

circ.ahajournals.org/...1381

obesity obese overweight pregnancy health cardiovascular children offspring

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 May 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 May 12
     
    Obesity of pregnant mothers effect the future cardiovascular health of their future children. The time to work on the health of your future children, is before couples actually get pregnant.
Nathan Goodyear

Is central obesity, hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia associated with high-grade prosta... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3034056

inflammation prostate cancer CA high-grade IR insulin resistance dyslipidemia obesity overweight weight-gain men

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Feb 12
     
    No surprise that insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and obesity are associated with high-grade prostate cancer.  It's called inflammation.
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