Testosterone: More Than Having the Guts to Win the Tour de France - 0 views
www.sciencedirect.com/...S1074761313003439
Testosterone gut flora gut microbiome gut microbiota autoimmune disease diabetes
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Apr 15
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female adult mice have microbiomes similar to those of prepubescent mice of both sexes;
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the commensal microbial community in adult male mice significantly deviates from this shared initial pool.
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A minimum level of testosterone and specific male-enriched microbes working together upregulate M2 macrophage and IFN-γ producing T cells in pancreatic lymph nodes. Microarray data show that both the IFN-γ and IL-1β pathways are also stimulated.
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The incidence of T1D in these mice is positively correlated with the “femaleness” of the microbiota
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These results support the hypothesis that the host androgen level is influential in determining the composition of the microbiota, which in turn affects T1D initiation and progression
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a high testosterone level enriches the microbiota for specific organisms such as segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) and Escherichia coli or Shigella–like (SECS) strains.
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the microbiome in castrated adult males clearly shifts away from that of normal adult males and is closer to the microbiome of females
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they did find that four distinct combinations of microbial groupings (with an interesting lack of overlap at the individual family level in the four experiments) were enhanced by androgen
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one species consists of the segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) and belongs to the Firmicutes, whereas the other is an Escherichia coli or Shigella–like (SECS) strain belonging to the Proteobacteria
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colonization with protective microbiomes—e.g., SPF microbiota, SFB, and SECS—is positively correlated with high blood testosterone levels in male mice
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A direct implication of this study is that probiotic administration or fecal transplantation is a theoretically possible approach to protection against T1D