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Nathan Goodyear

Toxicity of the spike protein of COVID-19 is a redox shift phenomenon: A novel therapeu... - 0 views

  • Redox shift is due to Warburg effect and mitochondrial impairment.
  • Redox shift is due to Warburg effect and mitochondrial impairment.
  • Redox shift is due to Warburg effect and mitochondrial impairment.
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  • The cytokine storm is a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction
  • The cytokine storm is a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction
  • The cytokine storm is a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction
  • The cytokine storm is a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction
  • Lipoic acid, Methylene Blue and Chlorine dioxide relieve COVID-19 spike protein toxicity
  • Lipoic acid, Methylene Blue and Chlorine dioxide relieve COVID-19 spike protein toxicity
  • Lipoic acid, Methylene Blue and Chlorine dioxide relieve COVID-19 spike protein toxicity
  • Lipoic acid, Methylene Blue and Chlorine dioxide relieve COVID-19 spike protein toxicity
  • most diseases display a form of anabolism due to mitochondrial impairment
  • most diseases display a form of anabolism due to mitochondrial impairment
  • most diseases display a form of anabolism due to mitochondrial impairment
  • infection by Covid-19 follows a similar pattern
  • chronic inflammation
  • Long-term effects include redox shift and cellular anabolism as a result of the Warburg effect and mitochondrial dysfunction
  • Long-term effects include redox shift and cellular anabolism as a result of the Warburg effect and mitochondrial dysfunction
  • Long-term effects include redox shift and cellular anabolism as a result of the Warburg effect and mitochondrial dysfunction
  • Long-term effects include redox shift and cellular anabolism as a result of the Warburg effect and mitochondrial dysfunction
  • infection by Covid-19 follows a similar pattern
  • unrelenting anabolism leads to the cytokine storm,
  • unrelenting anabolism leads to the cytokine storm,
  • unrelenting anabolism leads to the cytokine storm,
  • chronic inflammation
  • chronic inflammation
  • infection by Covid-19 follows a similar pattern
  • Lipoic acid and Methylene Blue have been shown to enhance the mitochondrial activity, relieve the Warburg effect and increase catabolism
  • Lipoic acid and Methylene Blue have been shown to enhance the mitochondrial activity, relieve the Warburg effect and increase catabolism
  • Lipoic acid and Methylene Blue have been shown to enhance the mitochondrial activity, relieve the Warburg effect and increase catabolism
  • Methylene Blue, Chlorine dioxide and Lipoic acid may help reduce long-term Covid-19 effects by stimulating the catabolism
  • Methylene Blue, Chlorine dioxide and Lipoic acid may help reduce long-term Covid-19 effects by stimulating the catabolism
  • Methylene Blue, Chlorine dioxide and Lipoic acid may help reduce long-term Covid-19 effects by stimulating the catabolism
  • direct consequence of redox iMeBalance, itself a consequence of decreased energy yield by the mitochondria
  • direct consequence of redox iMeBalance, itself a consequence of decreased energy yield by the mitochondria
  • mitochondrial dysfunction and increased levels of lactate, which are important characteristics of metabolic shift and Warburg effect in many diseases
  • mitochondrial dysfunction and increased levels of lactate, which are important characteristics of metabolic shift and Warburg effect in many diseases
  • increased lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) was observed in COVID-19 patients
  • increased lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) was observed in COVID-19 patients
  • almost every disease presents an increased anabolism
  • almost every disease presents an increased anabolism
  • cell division is the most sophisticated way to release entropy
  • cell division is the most sophisticated way to release entropy
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      Wow
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      Wow
  • transition from catabolism to anabolism is driven by a redox shift
  • transition from catabolism to anabolism is driven by a redox shift
  • viral spike protein binds to ACE2 receptor of the host cell [22,23].
  • redox signaling plays an important role in regulating immune function and inflammation, and disruptions in this signaling can lead to excessive cytokine production and immune system activation
  • Aging is associated with a poor control of the redox balance
  • thiol/disulfide homeostasis
  • reduced extracellular environment in the elderly and the increased susceptibility to Covid-19 infection
  • reduced extracellular environment in the elderly and the increased susceptibility to Covid-19 infection
  • Redox signaling tightly modulates the inflammatory response and oxidative stress has been reported in acute Covid-19
  • People at high risk are the elderly, patients suffering from metabolic syndrome such as obesity, or those suffering from chronic diseases such as cancer or inflammation
  • COVID-19 patients with severe disease have higher levels of oxidative stress markers and lower antioxidant levels
  • oxidative stress can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is a protein complex that plays a key role in the cytokine storm
  • inflammation leads to the formation of ROS and RNS, while redox iMeBalance results in cellular damage, which in turn triggers an inflammatory response
  • persistently elevated mtROS triggers endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, which results in a vicious loop involving ROS, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction
  • Damaged mitochondria releasing ROS induce inflammation via the NLRP3 inflammasome
  • Damaged mitochondria releasing ROS induce inflammation via the NLRP3 inflammasome
  • reduced environment during the cytokine storm
  • IL-2 is highly up-regulated in Covid-19 patients [37], and IL-2 is known to significantly stimulate the generation of NO in patients
  • Nitric acid is also the key mediator of IL-2-induced hypotension and vascular leak syndrome
  • mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to the pathogenesis of Covid-19
  • mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by SARS-CoV-2 leads to damage to the mitochondria
  • mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by SARS-CoV-2 leads to damage to the mitochondria
  • As catabolism is decreased, entropy is released through anabolism
  • Elevated levels of lactate, a characteristic of the Warburg effect, were also reported in the high-risk Covid-19
  • elevated levels of ventricular lactic acid consistent with oxidative stress
  • A decrease of ΔΨm is implicated in several inflammation-related diseases
  • decrease in ΔΨm in leucocytes from Covid-19 patients
  • vaccinated with RNA or DNA vaccines triggering the synthesis of the viral spike protein in human cells
  • viral reactivation in varicella-zoster virus [55] or hepatitis [56], coagulopathy and resulting stroke and myocarditis following both DNA-based vaccines [57] and RNA-based vaccines
  • Covid-19, mitochondrial impairment
  • characteristic of the Warburg effect is present in almost every disease and appears to be a central feature in most of the hallmarks of cancer
  • inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased lactate concentrations in the extracellular fluid
  • In Covid-19, like any inflammation, there is a metabolic rewiring where cells rely on glycolysis
  • As the mitochondria are impaired, the infected cell cannot catabolize efficiently. It will release lactic acid in the blood stream
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      Mitochondrial impairment
  • Striking similarities are seen between cancer, Alzheimer's disease and Covid-19, all related to the Warburg effect
  • Cancer, inflammation, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases share a common peculiarity, the inability of the cell to export entropy outside the body in the harmless form of heat
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      Entropy: lack of order or predictability; gradual decline into disorder.
  • MEB relieves the Warburg effect [87], improves memory [77], is active in the treatment of depressive episodes [79,80] and reduces the importance of ischemic strokes
  • MEB relieves the Warburg effect [87], improves memory [77], is active in the treatment of depressive episodes [79,80] and reduces the importance of ischemic strokes
  • MEB has been shown to inhibit SARS-Cov-2 replication in vitro
  • MEB has been shown to inhibit SARS-Cov-2 replication in vitro
  • It has been shown that Covid-19-patients treated with MEB, have a significant reduction in hospital stay duration and mortality
  • MeB is an acceptor-donor molecule
  • MeB + can take a pair of electrons (of H atoms) and MeBH can release this pair easily, so that MeB is partially recycled like a catalyst
  • MeB acts as an electron bridge between a donor (FADH2, FMNH, NADH) and an acceptor (complex IV of ETC or oxygen itself)
  • As a coenzyme of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) initiates the formation of acetyl-CoA to feed the TCA cycle
  • ALA enhances the catabolism of carbon. cycle and therefore may reduce the Warburg effect and consequently, lactate production
  • Methylene Blue plays a similar role after the TCA cycle, by carrying electrons to complex IV of the electron transport chain
  • Drugs such as lipoic acid and MeB, which target the metabolism, decrease the redox shift by increasing catabolism
Nathan Goodyear

C-Reactive Protein in Healthy Subjects: Associations With Obesity, Insulin Resistance, ... - 0 views

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    The summary statement of this article says it all: "chronic inflammatory state may induce insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction..."  Inflammation causes insulin dysfunction. And in fact, we know this to be true.  We know that IL-1B and TNF-alpha stimulated by NF-KappaB actually inhibits insulin action via disruption of the GLUT4 receptor.
Nathan Goodyear

Exercise-induced right ventricular dysfunction and structural remodelling in endurance ... - 0 views

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    endurance training found to induce heart dysfunction.  This was all in the right ventricular function, but significant dysfunction was found.
Nathan Goodyear

Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. [Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010] - PubMed... - 0 views

  • nhibitor of complex I of the electron transport chain can induce parkinsonism
  • any lines of evidence suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD)
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    Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease
Nathan Goodyear

Erectile dysfunction may be the first clini... [Clin Res Cardiol. 2013] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    ED may be the earliest of signs for endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and CVD in young men.
Nathan Goodyear

Levels of estradiol and testosterone are altered in Chinese men with sexual dysfunction... - 0 views

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    Men with sexual dysfunction found to have higher E:T ratio and higher Estradiol overall.  This was a retrospective study.
Nathan Goodyear

Homocysteine and Endothelial Dysfunction: A Link with Cardiovascular Disease - 0 views

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    No surprise that homocysteine is associated with vascular dysfunction, when elevated;  But the mechanism is elucidated here through ROS generation.
Nathan Goodyear

Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction among Postmenopausal Women with and without Metabolic ... - 0 views

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    sexual dysfunction found more in women with metabolic syndrome versus healthy women.
Nathan Goodyear

Reduction of Inflammatory Cytokine Concentrations and Improvement of Endothelial Functi... - 0 views

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    adipose tissue releases inflammatory markers (cytokines IL-6, TNF-alpha, V-CAM-1, ICAM-1, and P-selectin). Associated endovascular disfunction and eventually cardiovascular disease.  A direct link between obesity induced inflammation and endovascular dysfunction.  Weight loss in these obese women reduced secretion of the associated inflammatory cytokines and thus decreased vascular dysfunction.
Nathan Goodyear

Adipocyte dysfunctions linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes - 0 views

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    Great explanation of current understanding of how adipocyte dysfunction leads to inflammation, increase FFA, insulin resistance, obesity, and associated inflammatory conditions such as diabetes
Nathan Goodyear

Occurrence of pituitary dysfunction following ... [J Neurotrauma. 2004] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    pituitary dysfunction found in people with TBI.  This study found the greatest effect on HGH.
Nathan Goodyear

Cognitive dysfunction in postmenopausal breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitors,... - 0 views

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    Just the abstract here.  Declining estradiol production found to be associated with increased cognitive dysfunction or cognitive decline in those using aromatase inhibitor therapy.  Aromatase inhibition therapy is used to block Testosterone to Estradiol production in women with ER+ breast cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

Beneficial and Adverse Effects of Testosterone on the Cardiovascular System in Men - 0 views

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    pubmed review of 33 years finds mix bag on low T. Low T clearly associated with increased hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, cardiac dysfunction, and CV events.  Studies on Testosterone therapy in resolution of these dysfunctions are low.  This article claims there is a lack of evidence.  That is not true.  
Nathan Goodyear

Long-term follow-up of cognitive dysfunction... [J Inorg Biochem. 2011] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    Aluminum and Macrophagic myofasciitis associated cognitive dysfunction (MACD).
Nathan Goodyear

Chronic Testosterone Replacement Exerts Cardioprotection against Cardiac Ischemia-Reper... - 0 views

  • In this study, the cardioprotective effects of testosterone in testosterone-deprived rats heart with I/R injury were demonstrated
  • Prior to I/R injury, testosterone replacement provided cardioprotective effects in testosterone-deprived rats as indicated by (1) improved cardiac functions by markedly preserved %EF and %FS, and (2) attenuated cardiac sympathovagal imbalance by a markedly decreased LF/HF ratio
  • Testosterone replacement exerts cardioprotective effects by improving left ventricular function and cardiac sympathovagal balance impaired by testosterone deprivation in ORX rats
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  • During the I/R period, testosterone replacement in ORX rats exerted the beneficial effects as indicated by (1) improved left ventricular pressure; (2) markedly decreased infarct size; (3) reduced fatal cardiac arrhythmias by increased time to 1st VT/VF onset and reduced arrhythmia scores; and (4) attenuated cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction caused by I/R injury by reducing ROS production, cardiac mitochondrial swelling and mitochondria membrane depolarization.
  • Chronic testosterone replacement also ameliorates left ventricular dysfunction, and reduces the infarct size and cardiac arrhythmias impaired by I/R injury under testosterone-deprived conditions
  • The mechanisms responsible for these beneficial effects of testosterone could be due to its ability to attenuate cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte apoptosis
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    animal study finds that Testosterone therapy is cardioprotective in a preventative mode and with myocardial injury.  Normalization of Testosterone in these animals with low T reduced infant injury size and improved heart function.  
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone and Abnormal Glucose Metabolism in an Inner-City Cohort - 0 views

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    This study of inner city men found low T associated with methadone use.  Narcotics are a known risk factor for low T.  The free T was calculated from serum.  This equilibrium dialysis is based on too many variables.  Look at the studies on equilibrium dialysis.  This study also found calculated free T was not associated with insulin resistance.  However, insulin resistance is a peripheral tissue dysfunction not a serum dysfunction.  So, a calculated free T (not reality) in the serum shows me nothing of the peripheral activity.  For example, inflammation has been shown to increase aromatase activity in the prostate tissue only.  The thinking in the conclusions of so many of these studies is soooo flawed.
Nathan Goodyear

Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction: A Joint Statement on Management from the American Asso... - 0 views

  • the potential benefits of early detection and treatment of subclinical thyroid dysfunction significantly outweigh the potential side-effects that could result from early diagnosis and therapy
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    Joint statement on early treatment of thyroid disease and subclinical thyroid dysfunction from The american association of clinical endocrinologists, the American Thyroid Association, and the Endocrine Society
Nathan Goodyear

Brain mitochondrial dysfunction in aging. [IUBMB Life. 2008] - PubMed result - 0 views

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    decreased mitochondrial dysfunction in brain leads to aging and poor function of brain
Nathan Goodyear

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in ... [Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1994] - Pu... - 0 views

  • neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress may cause or worsen the clinical features.
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    mitochondrial dysfunction contributes, even cause many neurodegenerative disease, such as Parkinson's
Nathan Goodyear

Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and ce... [J Neurol Sci. 2005] - PubMed result - 0 views

  • There is significant evidence that the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, may involve the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction
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    Mitochondrial dysfunction at heart of diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimers, MS, ALS..
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