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fitspresso

https://www.fitspresso-co.com/ - 0 views

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    FitSpresso™ | Official Site fitspresso-co.com FitSpresso Only $39/Bottle Limited Time Offer! FitSpresso Special Deal + Special 51% Discount Save $660 + 180 Days Money Back Guarantee FitSpresso Herpesyl Five Star A dietary product formulated to assist users in reducing weight can increase other advantages that can support overall health. This product can assist users in getting closer to the desirable body weight. Regular Price: 149/per bottle Only for: $39/per bottle Buy Now What IsFitSpresso? FitSpresso is promoted as a natural supplement that comes in the form of diet pills, and it can aid in rapid and efficient weight loss, similar to many other supplements. The term "natural supplements refers to a nutritional supplement that is made entirely of natural, chemical-free materials. You can utilize these organic ingredients to aid in natural weight loss. It can speed up your body's metabolism and assist with other crucial processes. All parts of our bodies are impacted by weight increase, and not only do we need to deal with the increased weight, but we also need to deal with the numerous problems and illnesses that come along with it. This refers to the risk of developing chronic cardiac conditions, low blood pressure, and, in some circumstances, problems with blood sugar. However, FitSpresso even with its bright and bold claims, can help you efficiently manage your weight and completely avoid these extra uncomfortable problems. FitSpresso is a supplement that comes in the form of a pill, which makes it tasty, simple to swallow, and handy. According to the manufacturer, these diet tablets are GMO-free and toxic-free, making them edible. This is why we have things such as weight loss supplements. Thanks to modern advancements, we can just take a dietary supplement pill to bring about significant weight loss in a completely healthy and natural manner. Not only this, but dietary supplements can also support healthy blood sugar levels and help with
Nathan Goodyear

Caloric restriction increases adiponectin expression by adipose tissue and prevents the... - 0 views

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    Calorie restriction increases adiponectin secretion from adipocytes.  Another plus of calorie restriction.  Remember, adiponectin and insulin are inversely associated.  Granted, this is in a rat model, but still supporting the overall health benefits of calorie restriction.
fitspresso

https://www.thefastleanpro.us/ - 0 views

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    Fast Lean Pro™ (official) | weight lose Formula thefastleanpro.us · by Fast Lean Pro Fast Lean Pro Only $49/Bottle Limited Time Offer! Fast Lean Pro Special Deal + Special 51% Discount Save $300 + 180 Days Money Back Guarantee FastLeanPro The #1 Solution To natural metabolism booster helps you lose weight quickly without starving yourself. Fast Lean Pro is a natural powder supplement for weight loss that has recently been developed by Japanese scientists. Regular Price: $99/per bottle Only for: $49/per bottle What Is Fast Lean Pro? Fast Lean Pro is a powdered dietary powdery supplement designed to aid in weight loss. It contains a unique combination of ingredients that are believed to activate the body's "fasting switch" to optimize results. This product focuses not only on weight loss but also on promoting cellular rejuvenation, fasting, and a healthy metabolism. The concept behind Fast Lean Pro is that incorporating fasting into one's lifestyle can lead to positive outcomes irrespective of individual food choices and eating habits. To comprehend the mechanism of the Fast Lean Pro process, it is necessary to delve into its specific details. One of the few weight loss pills on the market that contains Fibersol is Fast Lean Pro. This safe, specialized fiber adds bulk to its weight when combined with water, curbing your appetite before it throws off your meal plan. If you're trying to lose weight or curb your appetite, Fast Lean Pro can help. Supporting substances such as niacin and chromium contribute to this. The body can further benefit from these nutrients, such as through improved metabolic regulation. Fast lean Pro is non-GMO, vegan friendly, and contains no artificial ingredients or stimulants. Fast Lean Pro is a weight loss product that promotes the body's natural self-feeding process. The body naturally removes old, damaged cells through a process known as autophagy to encourage cell regeneration and repair. Recent studies by a group
Nathan Goodyear

PLOS ONE: Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Synergizes with Calorie Restriction to Incre... - 0 views

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    calorie restriction, though not malnutrition, is associated with longevity as determined by increased telomerase reverse transcriptase and a reduction in aged related diseases.  Granted this was a mouse model.
Nathan Goodyear

JAMA Network | JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association | Effects of Dieta... - 0 views

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    small study shows that low carb results in greater calories burned in weight loss.  The least calories burned goes to low fat diet.  Many, many studies have show the negative benefits of a low fat diet.
Nathan Goodyear

Obesity, Abdominal Obesity, Physical Activity, and Caloric Intake in US Adults: 1988 to... - 0 views

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    Observational study finds BMI increase of 0.375 in both men and women per year.  The waist circumference also increased by 0.37% per year in women compared to 0.27% in men.  There was a significant reduction in physical activity over the same time period.  In women, the reporting of physical inactivity increased to 52% FROM 19% compared to 44% FROM 11% in men.  The authors found no association with change in calories.  However, an assessment in quality of calories would have likely shown a glaring difference.  Clear causation can not be concluded due to the fact that the study was observational.
Nathan Goodyear

ScienceDirect - Journal of Diabetes and its Complications : Starvation diet and very-lo... - 0 views

  • The metabolic situation in extremely low-calorie diets may be comparable to that in starvation
  • increased insulin resistance in states of starvation and anorexia nervosa, with a concomitant role in stress hormones.
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    very-low-calorie diets, like found in the HCG diet, results in insulin resistance in many individuals, results in muscle mass loss, and results in many negative effects, including weight gain.
Nathan Goodyear

High Fat High Calories Diet (HFD) Increase Gut Susceptibility to Carcinogens by Alterin... - 0 views

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    High fat and high calorie diets associated with increased colorectal cancer risk through alteration of gut flora. The exact mechanism between the altered gut flora and the cancer risk is unknown, per the authors, but the inflammation is likely the connection.
Nathan Goodyear

Brown adipose tissue activity after a high-calorie meal in humans - 0 views

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    Interesting study.  Studies have found brown fat to be thermogenic.  This study found no such association. In fact, a high calorie diet increased glucose uptake by brown fat without resultant thermogenesis.  
Nathan Goodyear

An adaptive response to uncertainty can lead to weight gain during dieting attempts - 0 views

  • dieting attempts cause weight gain via providing (misleading) information about the environment to the subconscious systems that control body mass
  • Our model predicts that energy reserves should respond to repeated attempts to diet by weight cycling and becoming greater from one cycle to the next
  • the very conditions that cause weight gain initially—a glut of food—causes further weight gain once cyclical dieting begins
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  • There is evidence that among weight cycling, people those who switch between dieting and binge-eating more frequently gain more weight
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    yo-yo dieting leads to weight gain, in part, due to increase food intake in between the calorie restriction phases.  The calorie restriction suppresses metabolic rate and results in muscle loss; both of which contribute to the rebound weight gain seen by so many.
Nathan Goodyear

Evaluation of the effect of caloric restriction on... [Endocrine. 2008] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    In this study, weight loss through a calorie restriction diet, resulted in  an increase in BDNF.  The implications here is that obesity decreases BDNF, which is very important in neuroplasticity and neurogenesis.  Take home, obesity has negative effects on your brain. Remember that old commercial: "this is your brain on drugs".  Well, this is your brain with obesity.
Nathan Goodyear

THE NEUROPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF CALORIE RESTRICTION, THE KETOGENIC DIET, AND KETONE B... - 0 views

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    Fantastic read on the biochemical benefits of calorie restriction and a ketogenic diet.
Nathan Goodyear

Annals of Internal Medicine | Gene-Diet Interactions in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerati... - 0 views

  • it appears that dietary restriction promotes neuronal survival, plasticity, and even neurogenesis by inducing a mild cellular stress response that involves activation of genes that encode proteins designed to promote neuronal growth and surviva
  • Studies of animal models of Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease have shown that, by decreasing homocysteine levels, dietary folic acid can be neuroprotective
  • The current average daily calorie intake of Americans is approximately 2700 for women and more than 3000 for men
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    what you eat and how many calories you eat effects you brain and your risk of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease.
Nathan Goodyear

The role of long chain fatty acids in regulating food intake and cholecystokinin releas... - 0 views

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    long chain fatty acids (LCFA), associated with decreased calorie intake.  This occurs through up regulation/release of cholecystokinin.
Nathan Goodyear

Caloric Restriction Increases Serum Testoster... [Horm Metab Res. 2013] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    Calorie restriction increases serum Testosterone levels in obese men.  This fits with other research that weight reduction in obese men can resolve low T.  The obvious proposed mechanisms are a reduction in aromatase activity due to a loss of adiposity, a decrease in inflammatory cytokine production thus negatively effecting the HPA, improved HPA signaling and thus improved Testicular production of Testosterone.
Nathan Goodyear

Effect of 6-Month Calorie Restriction on Biomarkers of Longevity, Metabolic Adaptation,... - 0 views

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    prolonged calorie restriction results in loss of muscle mass, which results in decreased metabolism
Nathan Goodyear

Thieme E-Journals - Hormone and Metabolic Research / Abstract - 0 views

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    Very low calorie diet over 12 weeks increased endogenous Testosterone levels in men via improved Testicular production and reduced aromatase activity due to decreased adipose tissue.
Nathan Goodyear

Long-term effects of calorie restriction on serum sex hormone concentrations in men - 0 views

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    long term calorie restriction resulted in a decrease in total Testosterone and free Testosterone; an increase in SHBG was found.
Nathan Goodyear

Alterations in male sexual behaviour, attractiveness and testosterone levels induced by... - 0 views

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    animal study found that calorie restriction lowers Testosterone.
Nathan Goodyear

Press-pulse: a novel therapeutic strategy for the metabolic management of cancer | Nutr... - 0 views

  • A “press” disturbance was considered a chronic environmental stress on all organisms in an ecological community
  • “pulse” disturbances were considered acute events that disrupted biological communities to produce high mortality
  • Neoplasia involving dysregulated cell growth is the biological endpoint of the disease
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  • Data from the American Cancer Society show that the rate of increase in cancer deaths/year (3.4%) was two-fold greater than the rate of increase in new cases/year (1.7%) from 2013 to 2017
  • cancer is predicted to overtake heart disease as the leading cause of death in Western societies
  • cancer can also be recognized as a metabolic disease.
  • glucose is first split into two molecules of pyruvate through the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas glycolytic pathway in the cytosol
  • Aerobic fermentation, on the other hand, involves the production of lactic acid under normoxic conditions
  • persistent lactic acid production in the presence of adequate oxygen is indicative of abnormal respiration
  • Otto Warburg first proposed that all cancers arise from damage to cellular respiration
  • The Crabtree effect is an artifact of the in vitro environment and involves the glucose-induced suppression of respiration with a corresponding elevation of lactic acid production even under hyperoxic (pO2 = 120–160 mmHg) conditions associated with cell culture
  • the Warburg theory of insufficient aerobic respiration remains as the most credible explanation for the origin of tumor cells [2, 37, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57].
  • The main points of Warburg’s theory are; 1) insufficient respiration is the predisposing initiator of tumorigenesis and ultimately cancer, 2) energy through glycolysis gradually compensates for insufficient energy through respiration, 3) cancer cells continue to produce lactic acid in the presence of oxygen, and 4) respiratory insufficiency eventually becomes irreversible
  • Efraim Racker coined the term “Warburg effect”, which refers to the aerobic glycolysis that occurs in cancer cells
  • Warburg clearly demonstrated that aerobic fermentation (aerobic glycolysis) is an effect, and not the cause, of insufficient respiration
  • all tumor cells that have been examined to date contain abnormalities in the content or composition of cardiolipin
  • The evidence supporting Warburg’s original theory comes from a broad range of cancers and is now overwhelming
  • respiratory insufficiency, arising from any number mitochondrial defects, can contribute to the fermentation metabolism seen in tumor cells.
  • data from the nuclear and mitochondrial transfer experiments suggest that oncogene changes are effects, rather than causes, of tumorigenesis
  • Normal mitochondria can suppress tumorigenesis, whereas abnormal mitochondria can enhance tumorigenesis
  • In addition to glucose, cancer cells also rely heavily on glutamine for growth and survival
  • Glutamine is anapleurotic and can be rapidly metabolized to glutamate and then to α-ketoglutarate for entry into the TCA cycle
  • Glucose and glutamine act synergistically for driving rapid tumor cell growth
  • Glutamine metabolism can produce ATP from the TCA cycle under aerobic conditions
  • Amino acid fermentation can generate energy through TCA cycle substrate level phosphorylation under hypoxic conditions
  • Hif-1α stabilization enhances aerobic fermentation
  • targeting glucose and glutamine will deprive the microenvironment of fermentable fuels
  • Although Warburg’s hypothesis on the origin of cancer has created confusion and controversy [37, 38, 39, 40], his hypothesis has never been disproved
  • Warburg referred to the phenomenon of enhanced glycolysis in cancer cells as “aerobic fermentation” to highlight the abnormal production of lactic acid in the presence of oxygen
  • Emerging evidence indicates that macrophages, or their fusion hybridization with neoplastic stem cells, are the origin of metastatic cancer cells
  • Radiation therapy can enhance fusion hybridization that could increase risk for invasive and metastatic tumor cells
  • Kamphorst et al. in showing that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells could obtain glutamine under nutrient poor conditions through lysosomal digestion of extracellular proteins
  • It will therefore become necessary to also target lysosomal digestion, under reduced glucose and glutamine conditions, to effectively manage those invasive and metastatic cancers that express cannibalism and phagocytosis.
  • Previous studies in yeast and mammalian cells show that disruption of aerobic respiration can cause mutations (loss of heterozygosity, chromosome instability, and epigenetic modifications etc.) in the nuclear genome
  • The somatic mutations and genomic instability seen in tumor cells thus arise from a protracted reliance on fermentation energy metabolism and a disruption of redox balance through excess oxidative stress.
  • According to the mitochondrial metabolic theory of cancer, the large genomic heterogeneity seen in tumor cells arises as a consequence, rather than as a cause, of mitochondrial dysfunction
  • A therapeutic strategy targeting the metabolic abnormality common to most tumor cells should therefore be more effective in managing cancer than would a strategy targeting genetic mutations that vary widely between tumors of the same histological grade and even within the same tumor
  • Tumor cells are more fit than normal cells to survive in the hypoxic niche of the tumor microenvironment
  • Hypoxic adaptation of tumor cells allows for them to avoid apoptosis due to their metabolic reprograming following a gradual loss of respiratory function
  • The high rates of tumor cell glycolysis and glutaminolysis will also make them resistant to apoptosis, ROS, and chemotherapy drugs
  • Despite having high levels of ROS, glutamate-derived from glutamine contributes to glutathione production that can protect tumor cells from ROS
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      reason to eliminate glutamine in cancer patients and even GSH with cancer patients
  • It is clear that adaptability to environmental stress is greater in normal cells than in tumor cells, as normal cells can transition from the metabolism of glucose to the metabolism of ketone bodies when glucose becomes limiting
  • Mitochondrial respiratory chain defects will prevent tumor cells from using ketone bodies for energy
  • glycolysis-dependent tumor cells are less adaptable to metabolic stress than are the normal cells. This vulnerability can be exploited for targeting tumor cell energy metabolism
  • In contrast to dietary energy reduction, radiation and toxic drugs can damage the microenvironment and transform normal cells into tumor cells while also creating tumor cells that become highly resistant to drugs and radiation
  • Drug-resistant tumor cells arise in large part from the damage to respiration in bystander pre-cancerous cells
  • Because energy generated through substrate level phosphorylation is greater in tumor cells than in normal cells, tumor cells are more dependent than normal cells on the availability of fermentable fuels (glucose and glutamine)
  • Ketone bodies and fats are non-fermentable fuels
  • Although some tumor cells might appear to oxidize ketone bodies by the presence of ketolytic enzymes [181], it is not clear if ketone bodies and fats can provide sufficient energy for cell viability in the absence of glucose and glutamine
  • Apoptosis under energy stress is greater in tumor cells than in normal cells
  • A calorie restricted ketogenic diet or dietary energy reduction creates chronic metabolic stress in the body
  • . This energy stress acts as a press disturbance
  • Drugs that target availability of glucose and glutamine would act as pulse disturbances
  • Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can also be considered another pulse disturbance
  • The KD can more effectively reduce glucose and elevate blood ketone bodies than can CR alone making the KD potentially more therapeutic against tumors than CR
  • Campbell showed that tumor growth in rats is greater under high protein (>20%) than under low protein content (<10%) in the diet
  • Protein amino acids can be metabolized to glucose through the Cori cycle
  • The fats in KDs used clinically also contain more medium chain triglycerides
  • Calorie restriction, fasting, and restricted KDs are anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic and thus can target and eliminate tumor cells through multiple mechanisms
  • Ketogenic diets can also spare muscle protein, enhance immunity, and delay cancer cachexia, which is a major problem in managing metastatic cancer
  • GKI values of 1.0 or below are considered therapeutic
  • The GKI can therefore serve as a biomarker to assess the therapeutic efficacy of various diets in a broad range of cancers.
  • It is important to remember that insulin drives glycolysis through stimulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
  • The water-soluble ketone bodies (D-β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) are produced largely in the liver from adipocyte-derived fatty acids and ketogenic dietary fat. Ketone bodies bypass glycolysis and directly enter the mitochondria for metabolism to acetyl-CoA
  • Due to mitochondrial defects, tumor cells cannot exploit the therapeutic benefits of burning ketone bodies as normal cells would
  • Therapeutic ketosis with racemic ketone esters can also make it feasible to safely sustain hypoglycemia for inducing metabolic stress on cancer cells
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      Ketones are much more than energy adaptabilit, but actually are therapeutic.
  • ketone bodies can inhibit histone deacetylases (HDAC) [229]. HDAC inhibitors play a role in targeting the cancer epigenome
  • Therapeutic ketosis reduces circulating inflammatory markers, and ketones directly inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, an important pro-inflammatory pathway linked to carcinogenesis and an important target for cancer treatment response
  • Chronic psychological stress is known to promote tumorigenesis through elevations of blood glucose, glucocorticoids, catecholamines, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)
  • In addition to calorie-restricted ketogenic diets, psychological stress management involving exercise, yoga, music etc. also act as press disturbances that can help reduce fatigue, depression, and anxiety in cancer patients and in animal models
  • Ketone supplementation has also been shown to reduce anxiety behavior in animal models
  • This physiological state also enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, while reducing the side effects
  • lower dosages of chemotherapeutic drugs can be used when administered together with calorie restriction or restricted ketogenic diets (KD-R)
  • Besides 2-DG, a range of other glycolysis inhibitors might also produce similar therapeutic effects when combined with the KD-R including 3-bromopyruvate, oxaloacetate, and lonidamine
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      oxaloacetate is a glycolytic inhibitor, as is doxycycline, and IVC.
  • A synergistic interaction of the KD diet plus radiation was seen
  • It is important to recognize, however, that the radiotherapy used in glioma patients can damage the respiration of normal cells and increase availability of glutamine in the microenvironment, which can increase risk of tumor recurrence especially when used together with the steroid drug dexamethasone
  • Poff and colleagues demonstrated that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) enhanced the ability of the KD to reduce tumor growth and metastasis
  • HBOT also increases oxidative stress and membrane lipid peroxidation of GBM cells in vitro
  • The effects of the KD and HBOT can be enhanced with administration of exogenous ketones, which further suppressed tumor growth and metastasis
  • Besides HBOT, intravenous vitamin C and dichloroacetate (DCA) can also be used with the KD to selectively increase oxidative stress in tumor cells
  • Recent evidence also shows that ketone supplementation may enhance or preserve overall physical and mental health
  • Some tumors use glucose as a prime fuel for growth, whereas other tumors use glutamine as a prime fuel [102, 186, 262, 263, 264]. Glutamine-dependent tumors are generally less detectable than glucose-dependent under FDG-PET imaging, but could be detected under glutamine-based PET imaging
  • GBM and use glutamine as a major fuel
  • Many of the current treatments used for cancer management are based on the view that cancer is a genetic disease
  • Emerging evidence indicates that cancer is a mitochondrial metabolic disease that depends on availability of fermentable fuels for tumor cell growth and survival
  • Glucose and glutamine are the most abundant fermentable fuels present in the circulation and in the tumor microenvironment
  • Low-carbohydrate, high fat-ketogenic diets coupled with glycolysis inhibitors will reduce metabolic flux through the glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways needed for synthesis of ATP, lipids, glutathione, and nucleotides
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    Cancer is a mitochondrial disease? So says the well published Dr Seyfried. Glucose and glutamine drive cancer growth.
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