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A randomised comparison of increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration after 4 weeks of daily oral intake of 10 microg cholecalciferol from multivitamin tablets or fish oil capsules in healthy young adults. Holvik K, Madar AA, Meyer HE, Lofthus CM, Stene LC. Br J Nutr. 2007 Sep;98(3):620-5. Epub 2007 Apr 24. PMID: 17456248 We conclude that fish oil capsules and multivitamin tablets containing 10 microg cholecalciferol administered over a 4-week period produced a similar mean increase in s-25(OH)D concentration.

Mercury, fish oils, and the risk of myocardial infarction. Guallar E, Sanz-Gallardo MI, van't Veer P, Bode P, Aro A, Gómez-Aracena J, Kark JD, Riemersma ra, Martín-Moreno JM, Kok FJ; Heavy Metals and Myocardial Infarction Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2002 Nov 28;347(22):1747-54. PMID: 12456850 Conclusions The toenail mercury level was directly associated with the risk of myocardial infarction, and the adipose-tissue DHA level was inversely associated with the risk. High mercury content may diminish the cardioprotective effect of fish intake.

Coenzyme Q10. Bonakdar RA, Guarneri E. Am Fam Physician. 2005 Sep 15;72(6):1065-70. Review. PMID: 16190504 Coenzyme Q10 is a vitamin-like substance used in the treatment of a variety of disorders primarily related to suboptimal cellular energy metabolism and oxidative injury. Studies supporting the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 appear most promising for neurodegeneRAtive disorders such as Parkinson's disease and certain encephalomyopathies for which coenzyme Q10 has gained orphan drug status. Results in other areas of research, including treatment of congestive heart failure and diabetes, appear to be contRAdictory or need further clarification before proceeding with recommendations. Coenzyme Q10 appears to be a safe supplement with minimal side effects and low drug inteRAction potential.

Influence of a diet very high in vegetables, fruit, and fiber and low in fat on prognosis following treatment for breast cancer: the Women's Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) randomized trial. Pierce JP, Natarajan L, Caan BJ, Parker BA, Greenberg ER, Flatt SW, Rock CL, Kealey S, Al-Delaimy WK, Bardwell WA, Carlson RW, Emond JA, Faerber S, Gold EB, Hajek ra, Hollenbach K, Jones LA, Karanja N, Madlensky L, Marshall J, Newman VA, Ritenbaugh C, Thomson CA, Wasserman L, Stefanick ML. JAMA. 2007 Jul 18;298(3):289-98. PMID: 17635889 Conclusion Among survivors of early stage breast cancer, adoption of a diet that was very high in vegetables, fruit, and fiber and low in fat did not reduce additional breast cancer events or mortality during a 7.3-year follow-up period.

"New research from Queen Mary, University of London and Harvard Medical School has revealed precisely why taking fish oils can help with conditions like rheumatoid arthritis."

Coronary calcium as a predictor of coronary events in four racial or ethnic groups. Detrano R, Guerci AD, Carr JJ, Bild DE, Burke G, Folsom AR, Liu K, Shea S, Szklo M, Bluemke DA, O'Leary DH, Tracy R, Watson K, Wong ND, Kronmal ra. N Engl J Med. 2008 Mar 27;358(13):1336-45. PMID: 18367736

Now a new and controversial book by an American doctor suggests that taking even higher levels of the vitamin - 10 to 15 times the recommended amounts - can work wonders. Dr James Dowd, who works at the Arthritis Institute of Michigan, has been prescribing vitamin D to people suffering from chronic disorders such as arthritis, back pain and headaches and the result, he claims, is a huge improvement in their symptoms. In his book, The Vitamin D Cure, Dr Dowd describes a number of success stories using this approach. One of his patients, Barbara, for instance, was obese, and suffered from arthritis in one leg as well as high blood pressure. As Dowd explains: "In the past I would have given her anti-inflammatory drugs, pain medication, a pill to lose weight and drug treatment for hypertension."

Vitamin D intake is inversely associated with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Iowa Women's Health Study. Merlino LA, Curtis J, Mikuls TR, Cerhan JR, Criswell LA, Saag KG; Iowa Women's Health Study. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Jan;50(1):72-7. PMID: 14730601 DOI: 10.1002/art.11434 CONCLUSION: Greater intake of vitamin D may be associated with a lower risk of RA in older women, although this finding is hypothesis geneRAting.

Vitamin D and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Cutolo M. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009 Mar;48(3):210-2. Epub 2008 Oct 17. PMID: 18930963 doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ken394

Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of breast cancer. Chlebowski RT, Johnson KC, Kooperberg C, Pettinger M, Wactawski-Wende J, Rohan T, Rossouw J, Lane D, O'Sullivan MJ, Yasmeen S, Hiatt RA, Shikany JM, Vitolins M, Khandekar J, Hubbell FA; Women's Health Initiative Investigators. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 Nov 19;100(22):1581-91. Epub 2008 Nov 11. PMID: 19001601

Positive effects of vegetable and fruit consumption and calcium intake on bone mineral accrual in boys during growth from childhood to adolescence: the University of Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study. Vatanparast H, Baxter-Jones A, Faulkner ra, Bailey DA, Whiting SJ. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Sep;82(3):700-6. PMID: 16155286

Urine pH is an indicator of dietary acid-base load, fruit and vegetables and meat intakes: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk population study. Welch AA, Mulligan A, Bingham SA, Khaw KT. Br J Nutr. 2008 Jun;99(6):1335-43. Epub 2007 Nov 28. PMID: 18042305 In conclusion, a more alkaline diet, higher fruit and vegetable and lower meat intake were related to more alkaline urine with a magnitude similar to intervention studies. As urine pH relates to dietary acid-base load its use to monitor change in consumption of fruit and vegetables, in individuals, warrants further investigation.

Prevalence of Vitamin D inadequacy among postmenopausal North American women receiving osteoporosis therapy. Holick MF, Siris ES, Binkley N, Beard MK, Khan A, Katzer JT, Petruschke ra, Chen E, de Papp AE. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jun;90(6):3215-24. Epub 2005 Mar 29. PMID: 15797954 doi:10.1210/jc.2004-2364 Conclusions: More than half of North American women receiving therapy to treat or prevent osteoporosis have vitamin D inadequacy, underscoring the need for improved physician and public education regarding optimization of vitamin D status in this population.

A seasonal variation of calcitropic hormones, bone turnover and bone mineral density in early and mid-puberty girls - a cross-sectional study. Viljakainen HT, Palssa A, Kärkkäinen M, Jakobsen J, Cashman KD, Mølgaard C, Lamberg-Allardt C. Br J Nutr. 2006 Jul;96(1):124-30. PMID: 16870000 Seasonal variation in S-25-OHD and bone remodelling markers accompanied by negative correlation between S-25-OHD and S-iPTH was seen in this cross-sectional study of adolescent girls. In addition, the seasonal rhythm contributed 7.0-7.6 % difference in the BMD of lumbar vertebrae and left femur in early puberty girls. This variation should be avoided since it could hamper peak bone mass attainment.

Effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on falls: a randomized controlled trial. Bischoff HA, Stähelin HB, Dick W, Akos R, Knecht M, Salis C, Nebiker M, Theiler R, Pfeifer M, Begerow B, Lew ra, Conzelmann M. J Bone Miner Res. 2003 Feb;18(2):343-51. PMID: 12568412 A single intervention with vitamin D plus calcium over a 3-month period reduced the risk of falling by 49% compared with calcium alone. Over this short-term intervention, recurrent fallers seem to benefit most by the treatment. The impact of vitamin D on falls might be explained by the observed improvement in musculoskeletal function.

Current micronutrient recommendations in Europe: towards understanding their differences and similarities. Doets EL, de Wit LS, Dhonukshe-Rutten RA, Cavelaars AE, RAats MM, Timotijevic L, Brzozowska A, Wijnhoven TM, Pavlovic M, Totland TH, Andersen LF, Ruprich J, Pijls LT, Ashwell M, Lambert JP, van 't Veer P, de Groot LC. Eur J Nutr. 2008 Apr;47 Suppl 1:17-40. PMID: 18427858 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-008-1003-5 Full text: http://www.eurreca.org/downloadattachment/3199/1535/ejn%201003ov.pdf

Not enough vitamin D: health consequences for Canadians. Schwalfenberg G. Can Fam Physician. 2007 May;53(5):841-54. Review PMID: 17872747 Conclusion Low levels of VTD are considered a major public health problem in Canada, especially during the winter. Those with risk factors should be screened for low 25(OH)D levels and repletion therapy instituted if needed. Researchers have estimated that the oral dose of vitamin D3 to attain and maintain 25(OH)D levels >80 nmol/L is 2200 IU/d if baseline levels are 20 to 40 nmol/L, 1800 IU/d if levels are 40 to 60 nmol/L, and 1160 IU/d if levels are between 60 and 80 nmol/L.64 We need to ensure that patients have healthy blood levels of 25(OH)D to prevent levels of parathyroid hormone from rising and to maximize absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate. Positive effects on bone are marginal at best unless patients consume at least 800 IU/d of VTD. The emerging and exciting role of the VTD receptor and the actions of VTD in maintaining health in other cell types have become more apparent during the last decade.

Anticancer properties of oxidation products of docosahexaenoic acid. Siddiqui RA, Harvey K, Stillwell W. Chem Phys Lipids. 2008 May;153(1):47-56. Epub 2008 Feb 23. Review. PMID: 18343223

A lipidomic analysis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Puri P, Baillie RA, Wiest MM, Mirshahi F, Choudhury J, Cheung O, Sargeant C, Contos MJ, Sanyal AJ. Hepatology. 2007 Oct;46(4):1081-90. PMID: 17654743 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21763

Our findings suggest that administration of n-3 FA (EPA and DHA) in doses of at least 1.5 g/day for a prolonged period of time to patients with advanced cancer is associated with an improvement in clinical, biological and QoL parameters. N-3 fatty acids, cancer and cachexia: a systematic review of the literature. Colomer R, Moreno-Nogueira JM, García-Luna PP, García-Peris P, García-de-Lorenzo A, Zarazaga A, Quecedo L, del Llano J, Usán L, Casimiro C. Br J Nutr. 2007 May;97(5):823-31. Review. PMID: 17408522 doi:10.1017/S000711450765795X