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Diet and Coronary Thrombosis., Hypothesis and Fact Yudkin J. The Lancet 1957. (Figure 9 only)

Thromboxane is a member of the family of lipids known as eicosanoids. The two major thromboxanes are thromboxane A2 and thromboxane B2. Thromboxane is named for its role in clot formation (thrombosis).

A compound found in vegetables like broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower, may protect arteries from disease by boosting a natural defence mechanism, says a new study from the UK. Researchers from Imperial College London (ICL) report that sulforaphane, a compound most widely associated with broccoli, may activate a protein called Nrf2 in arteries, according to findings published in Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. While the protein is normally protective, in areas of arteries that are susceptible to disease the London-based researchers found that Nrf2 is inactive.

Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex and vascular calcification: is this the important link between vitamin K and the arterial vessel wall? Spronk HM. Circulation. 2006 Mar 28;113(12):1550-2. Review. PMID: 16567578

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease: results from NHANES 2001 to 2004. Melamed ML, Muntner P, Michos ED, Uribarri J, Weber C, Sharma J, Raggi P. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 Jun;28(6):1179-85. Epub 2008 Apr 16. PMID: 18417640 doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.165886 Conclusions- Low serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with a higher prevalence of PAD. Several mechanisms have been invoked in the literature to support a potential antiatherosclerotic activity of vitamin D. Prospective cohort and mechanistic studies should be designed to confirm this association. Vitamin D is an inhibitor of the renin-angiotensin system and has antiinflammatory and anticoagulant properties. Among 4839 NHANES 2001 to 2004 participants, low 25(OH)D levels were associated with a higher prevalence of PAD, after multivariate adjustment. To confirm this association, longitudinal cohort and mechanistic studies are needed.

Effect of stable fish oil on arterial thrombogenesis, platelet aggregation, and superoxide dismutase activity. Chen LY, Jokela R, Li DY, Bavry AA, Sandler H, Sjöquist M, Saldeen T, Mehta JL. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2000 Mar;35(3):502-5. Erratum in: J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2000 May;35(5):829. Bowry A [corrected to Bavry AA]. PMID: 10710138

Mercury, fish oils, and risk of acute coronary events and cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and all-cause mortality in men in eastern Finland. Virtanen JK, Voutilainen S, Rissanen TH, Mursu J, Tuomainen TP, Korhonen MJ, Valkonen VP, Seppänen K, Laukkanen JA, Salonen JT. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Jan;25(1):228-33. Epub 2004 Nov 11. PMID: 15539625 doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000150040.20950.61 Conclusions- High content of mercury in hair may be a risk factor for acute coronary events and CVD, CHD, and all-cause mortality in middle-aged eastern Finnish men. Mercury may also attenuate the protective effects of fish on cardiovascular health. Mercury may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, high mercury content in hair increased the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in middle-aged Finnish men and attenuated the beneficial effects of fish oils on cardiovascular health. Regular consumption of fish with high mercury content should be avoided.

Conjugated linoleic acid impairs endothelial function. Taylor JS, Williams SR, Rhys R, James P, Frenneaux MP. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006 Feb;26(2):307-12. Epub 2005 Dec 8. PMID: 16339498 CONCLUSIONS: A CLA isomeric mixture had at most modest effects on adiposity and worsened endothelial function. On the basis of these results, the use of the isomeric mixture of CLA as an aid to weight loss cannot be recommended