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Men with Obesity are found to have lower SHBG and Testosterone levels.  This study found that suppression of insulin resulted in an increase in SHBG production from the liver in both obese and normal weight men.  Of note, the decrease in insulin resulted in a decrease in male Testosterone in both normal weight and obese men.

Moderate resistance training program over 8 weeks associated with increased Testosterone production in young and middle age lean men.  Growth hormone was also increased in both groups.  ACTH and cortisol decreased in this lean men.  

low free Testosterone, though calculated in this study, found to be associated with low T symptoms despite normal total Testosterone.  Though the "normal" total Testosterone in this study is abnormal low in other studies.  Only abstract available.

Testosterone levels appear to be more of a biomarker of poor health in older men that are obese with diabetes.  More of these men had low free Testosterone (calc) versus Total Testosterone.  Using QOL questionnaires, weak correlation (not statistically significant) with androgen deficiency symptoms and ED were found.

Study finds no improvement with glucose control in diabetics.  This study looked at moderately controlled diabetes. Studies have previously shown that poorly controlled diabetes definitely benefits more than those with more mild glucose control problems.  Additionally, the Testosterone levels in this study would not have met the definition of low T by other studies.  So, the question is did these men need T?  Second, did the authors design the study long enough to see changes in the insulin sensitivity and glucose control?  Abstract only available and thus I don't have access to that information.  Third, and this might support the 2nd point, increased lean mass and decreased fat mass was found.  This points to positive metabolic change.  Would this have, given more time, resulted in improved glucose control? No change in visceral adiposity was seen.  This finding, also, is not new.  Testosterone therapy does not improve visceral adiposity.  Though, increasing fat adiposity, low Testosterone, and associated increase in systemic inflammatory cytokine production results in visceral adiposity, Testosterone therapy does reverse the visceral adiposity.  

So many studies point to Testosterone is just an association with CVD and CAD.  This study finds that Testosterone therapy in those with low T and type II diabetes have a reduction in mortality 8.4% versus 19.2% in those untreated.  This study also found an increase in mortality in those with low Testosterone versus those with normal Testosterone.  This was a 6 year f/u of 581 men.

Interesting study looked at Total Testosterone (TT) and free Testosterone (FT) in older men in BMD assessment.  The authors found no change in TT, but a significant decline in free Testosterone.  This fits with other research pointing to free Testosterone as a better functional assessment tool.

Study finds low free Testosterone and low calculated free Testosterone was associated with sarcopenia in Japanese men.  This association was not found with Total Testosterone.

Good discussion of the arousal/sexual response differences between men and women from a physiological perspective.  

Testosterone therapy is complex in hypogonadism.  Much of the marketing-based medicine of Low T today is in fact doping.  Increasing weight is clearly associated with a declining T level in men.  Testosterone therapy should be approach individually and therapies that use the one size fits all approach never work.  This is the case whether the use of synthetics or natural hormones are employed.  Testosterone has been shown to improve dysglycemia, MetS, reduce fat and increase muscle mass.  

Lower Testosterone levels are found in men with more advanced HIV.  This relationship is bidirectional.  This decreased biomarker is likely more a biomarker of poor health than one of a direct relationship.  As in the fT3 is lower in hypogonadal men versus eugonadal men.  This points to the significant problems in the way Testosterone is thought of and used in therapy for men today.  For many men, low T is the effect and not the cause.

bioavailable Testosterone is inversely associated with increased depressive symptoms.

Testosterone therapy followed over 5 years in hypogonadal men found physiologic replacement of Testosterone decreased Total cholesterol, decreased LDL, increased HDL, decreased blood pressure, decreased blood glucose, decreased HgbA1c, decreased CRP, ALT, and AST. All men with metabolic syndrome  should have appropriate hormone evaluation done.

Meta-analysis finds that men with low total Testosterone, free Testosterone, and SHBG are more at risk for MetS than those with elevated levels.

salivary testosterone via immunoassay shown to have sensitivity and specificity to be 100%.  Very reliable method to test for testosterone levels.

new study finds Testosterone therapy does not increase atherosclerosis in older men.  Study also found little improvement in quality of life and sexual function with Testosterone therapy in men with low to low-normal Testosterone.

It is important to understand that hormones in serum do not reflect the hormonal environment in the prostate.  Additionally, the diseased prostate does not respond the same as a healthy prostate.  That is high advanced Prostate cancer will respond to estrogen therapy and early prostate disease will increase with increased aromatase Testosterone to Estradiol conversion.

Low Testosterone increased nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in men. The prevalence of NAFLD reached 85% with Total Testosterone was < 300 ng/dl.  Free Testosterone required a greater drop to increase the NAFLD, but it to still was found to be associated.

This study's conclusion is to evaluate clotting factor i.e. factor V leiden, Factor VIII, and prothrombin prior to giving Testosterone.  This small study found increased clotting in some men on Testosterone. The problem here is the dosing of Testosterone in these men was 50-160 mg.  Physiologic dosing is 5-10 mg.  The problem is doping.  One wonders if physiologic dosing was undertaken if any of the men in this study would develop clotting problems, even though they had undiagnosed hypercoagulabitliy.

Another review study.  Low Testosterone is associated with increased CVD in men.  However, some studies have suggested an increase in CVD with men using exogenous Testosterone therapy.  Is Testosterone the cause of CVD in men?  Likely, low T is a