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women with PCOS, inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and CRP, associated with increasing androgen levels and with abdominal fat.  Women with less fat had lower levels of TNF-alpha and CRP than their higher weight counterparts, though the inflammatory cytokines were still evident.

post menopausal estradiol in women associated with pro-inflammatory state.  SHBG was associated with a decrease in the inflammatory cytokine biomarkers.  Postmenopausal women were found to have an increased Testosterone to estradiol ratio.

Just an association, but low vitamin  D levels found to be associated with decreased cognitive function in older women.  Found in women with levels < 20.

oral estrogen therapy decreased IGF-1 concentrations in those women taking growth hormone, requiring high dosing of HGH versus that in women using estrogen through a transdermal approach.

Birth control pills were found to reduce IGF-1 levels in the short term and long term.  Those that had used birth control pills had lower IGF-1 levels compared to those that had never used birth control pills.  This fits with the current knowledge that oral estrogen reduces HGH and IGF-1.  Those were in post-menopausal women, but this is in pre-menopaus women.  This has implications on health, weight, disease...

UTI stands for urinary tract infection.Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common reason people visit their doctors. While both men and women get UTIs, women are more prone to them. The urinary tract consists of: Kidneys, Uterus, ...

UTI stands for urinary tract infection.Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common reason people visit their doctors. While both men and women get UTIs, women are more prone to them. The urinary tract consists of: Kidneys, Uterus, ...

Multani Mitti or Fuller's earth has been used by Indian women for centuries to take care of their skincare problems like acne, blackheads, etc. Though most modern women now prefer to use branded products, they could still try using the humble F ...

Multani Mitti or Fuller's earth has been used by Indian women for centuries to take care of their skincare problems like acne, blackheads, etc. Though most modern women now prefer to use branded products, they could still try using the humble F ...

insulin resistance has different effects in men versus women.  In men, insulin resistance is associated with low T in men, but in elevate T in women.

salivary testosterone found to decline in women beyond the age of 39 with many women > 50 with low salivary testosterone levels.

This study found that increasing Testosterone, as determined by serum, is associated with increased CVD, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.  I believe that this massive Testosterone doping campaign that we are seeing in men and women is following the same patter seen with premarin and provera. 

Master's thesis reviews Testosterone therapy in women.  The evidence is poor.  What is seen is that low SHBG and increasing Testosterone in the long term appears to be associated with adverse CV effects. Otherwise, the effects of Testosterone are negligible if negative at all.   High dose studies did find increased CVD in women. The dosing here was at 40 mg.

This study looked at post menopause women and found that those with PCOS had an increase in CAD and worse cardiovascular event survival.  PCOS is a metabolic syndrome, in part, driven by elevated androgens in women.

Study finds that elevated serum Testosterone and androstenedione is associated with an increase risk of breast cancer.  This EPIC study looked at serum hormones in premenopausal women.  This study also found an association with increased breast cancer and low serum progesterone in women.  This was also found in the ORDET study.  This study did not find a link with estrogen.  These are endogenous levels.  Does this translate to exogenous? This theory of elevated androgens and breast cancer was first proposed by Grattarola.

Women with PCOS have increased inflammation, CRP, compared to women without PCOS.

Post menopause women with PCOS have high CVD.  PCOS is essentially metabolic syndrome separated by age.  Both PCOS and MetS in women is associated with an increase in Testosterone levels.

Estrogen therapy in women recently postmenopausal, found to improve symptoms of depression and anxiety.  The mean age of women in this study was 52.7.  Average age of menopause is 51, so apprx 1 year postmenopausal in this study.  Both premarin and bioidentical estradiol was used in different arms of the study.  Bioidentical progesterone was used in all 3 arms.

A prospective study of aging men and women in the development risk of type II diabetes.  The sexes bring significant differences.  In men, low Testosterone predicts the development of type II diabetes.  In women, just the opposite is seen--high Testosterone levels and low SHBG are most predictive of type II diabetes risk.

This article focus' more on the risks of colorectal cancer in men.  It does perform a mini-review on risks for women.  It appears progesterone is important in prevention of colorectal cancer in women.  Post-menopause, women with HRT have a reduced risk. In contrast, men with androgen deprivation therapy, there is an increase risk of colorectal cancer.

Observational study finds BMI increase of 0.375 in both men and women per year.  The waist circumference also increased by 0.37% per year in women compared to 0.27% in men.  There was a significant reduction in physical activity over the same time period.  In women, the reporting of physical inactivity increased to 52% FROM 19% compared to 44% FROM 11% in men.  The authors found no association with change in calories.  However, an assessment in quality of calories would have likely shown a glaring difference.  Clear causation can not be concluded due to the fact that the study was observational.

Review of the data points to poor quality of evidence dealing with DHEA in post-menopausal women with normal adrenal function.  Yet if DHEA is low, which is >95% produced by adrenals in women, then how can the adrenal function be "normal".   The meta-analysis found no improvement in libido and/or sexual function, and no improvement in lipids, glucose, weight... was noted.  Essentially not positive or negative effects were noted.  Abstract only available here, so dosage is a question.