Group items tagged

progesterone inhibits LPS stimulated inflammation.  Progesterone actually inhibits TLR4 activation.  The statement that progesterone has no place in hormone therapy is both uneducated and uninformed.

5alpha pregnanes and 4 pregnanes stimulate ER and PR negative breast cancer cells.  Progesterone metabolites stimulate or inhibit cancer potential independent of receptor status.  Though we know that progesterone metabolite balance can increase receptor binding.

The receptors for 5 alpha progesterone and 3 alpha hydroxyprogesterone are distinct from other hormone receptors.  These receptors are plasma membrane bound.  Through these receptors, these progesterone metabolites initiate autocrine and paracrine activity.  E2 increased 5 alpha progesterone receptors.  This is very important in ER-/PR- breast cancer, but does still have significance in ER+/PR+ cancer as well.

low Progesterone and progesterone "disturbances" found to be common in juvenile Lupus.  The authors in this study proposed it was due to low follicular reserves.  The point is that low progesterone increases inflammatory cytokines.

As much fanfare that is given to ER/PR + breast cancer, the large percentage of breast cancers are ER/PR -.  Thus, hormonal therapy doesn't work...at least that is how the story goes. This study finds the metabolites of Progesterone to be equally telling.  Two Progesterone metabolites play significant roles in growth versus inhibition of growth.  The metabolite 5alpha-dihydroprogesterone is procarcingenic in in vitro and in vivo studies and the metabolite 3alpha-dihydroprogesterone inhibits the pro growth effects in the same in vitro and in vivo studies.

Awesome article on progesterone metabolism in breast cancer.  The author, weibe, describes 2 categories of progesterone metabolites in breast tissue: 5alpha-pregnanes and 4-pregnenes.  The author describes 3 primary enzymes that control the balance between these 2 metabolites--5alpha reductase, 3alpha-HSO, and 20alpha-HSO.  The resultant balance of 5alpha-dihydroprogesterone and 3alpha-dihydroprogesterone helps to determine the cancer potential of breast tissue.

The frequency of salivary progesterone sampling and the diagnosis of luteal phase insufficiency.

Bioidentical progesterone used in IVF.  This is not new, the SQ administration is.  So, physicians cry against BHRT, yet bioidentical progesterone has been used for years in the treatment of infertility.

The receptor for the progesterone 5alpha pregnane, 5alpha-P, is unregulated in breast cancer cell line MCF-7.  Estradiol increases the receptor expression.  Not only is there an enzymatic effect in these progesterone pathways, but the receptor is equally unregulated.

study shows that progesterone directly inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling in rat dendritic cells.  Progesterone here shows to be directly involved in a anti-inflammatory effect.

Good discussion of PR receptors. This article focus' on the different receptors, mainly A and B, and the nuclear transcriptional signaling.

progesterone through progesterone receptors, shown to have protective, anti-inflammatory effects in the CNS.

progesterone receptor B shown to be required for proper breast development

Progesterone receptor A inhibits estrogen receptors.

Balance of progesterone receptor A and B shown to influence survival rates in ER+/PR+ breast cancer on hormonal therapy.

progesterone receptor inhibits inflammation through NF-kappaB inhibition and through lack of activation of COX-2.

Balance of progesterone receptors A and B in the development of endometrial cancer.

progesterone receptor status varies through a woman's menstrual cycle. PR-A dominates throughout, but the PR-A to PR-B ratio declines up to ovulation.

higher Testosterone levels, in conjunction with lower progesterone levels, found in premenopausal women with breast hyperplasia and breast cancer.  The authors point to elevated androgens in breast cancer induction and development.  This same hormone patter, low progesterone/elevated Testosterone, is associated with PCOS in women.

Recurrent early pregnancy losses can be prevented not with provera, not with progestin, but with progesterone. The use of progesterone by the functional medicine movement has long been advocated and supported in the science; now the allopathic medicine will try to claim it as its own.