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Nathan Goodyear

Oestrogen and progesterone receptor expression in melasma: an immunohistochemical analy... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...20337826

melasma hormones progesterone estrogen ER beta ER PR estrogen receptor progesterone receptor

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Oct 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Oct 16
     
    Both ER and PR increase in melasma: ER-beta in epidermal and dermis lesions versus PR only in epidermal lesions.
Nathan Goodyear

Comparative Studies of the Estrogen Receptors β and α and the Androgen Recept... - 0 views

ajp.amjpathol.org/...fulltext

ER beta ER-beta AR androgen receptors ER alpha ER-alpha prostate disease cancer estrogen receptor hormone hormones men male

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • ER-β is predominately immunolocalized in basal cells and to a lesser extent in stromal cells of the morphologically normal human prostate
  • ER-α is detected in stromal cells and rarely in basal cells of the normal gland
  • AR was predominately localized in the nuclei of differentiated secretory cells and variably in basal cells of the normal acinar/duct unit as well as in stromal cells
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • Hall and colleagues44 have reported that ER-β functions as a transdominant inhibitor of ER-α transcription and that it acts to decrease overall cellular sensitivity to estradiol
  • The expression of ER-β was diminished in high-grade dysplasias when compared to normal glands and lower grade lesions.
  • The transition from normal to low/moderate dysplastic glands in the peripheral zone was marked by the appearance of ER-β homogeneously immunostained nuclei in secretory as well as basal cells with no changes in the localization of the other receptors.
  • proliferative signals mediated by AR in basal cells or by ER-α and AR in stromal cells may be opposed by the purported growth-inhibitory action of ER-β25, 26, 27, 28 localized in basal cells.
  • The diminution of ER-β expression in high-grade dysplasias and grade 4/5 cancers may be therefore related to the alteration of DNA methylation pattern in CpG islands of the promoter, resulting in down-regulation of the receptor at the transcriptional level
  • based on the proposed anti-proliferative function of the receptor,25, 26, 27, 28 the presence of ER-β in secretory cells of low/moderate-grade lesions may represent a transient abortive attempt to counter growth of these cells
  • the attrition of receptor-positive basal cells in the high-grade dysplasias may signify a continuing loss of growth inhibitory function mediated by ER-β in these precursor lesions
  • Our findings in prostate therefore differ from those reported for human colon cancer in which Folley and colleagues48 demonstrated that a selective loss of ER-β protein but not receptor message expression occurs in these neoplasms
  • Our findings therefore differed from those of Bonkhoff and colleagues33 who found immunostaining for the receptor in high-grade dysplasias and grade 4/5 carcinomas. Using in situ hybridization these authors also reported that a high percentage of dysplasias and carcinomas in their study contained cells that expressed ER-α message
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jan 14
     
    Very nice study.  The authors looked at normal prostate, early disease and late stage prostate cancer.  The authors found that ER beta expression, as a general rule, was lost as progression occurred to the high-grade dysplasias and grad 4/5 carcinomas of the prostate.  Early low/moderate dysplasia was associated with an increase in ER beta--the authors propose that this was due to an attempt of the basal epithelium to counter the paracrine effect of ER alpha.   In contrast, androgen receptors appeared to be equally expressed across all.
Nathan Goodyear

Oxidative damage in multiple sclerosis lesions - 0 views

brain.oxfordjournals.org/...1914.short

MS multiple sclerosis oxidative damage brain oligodendrocytes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 14
     
    Lesions in MS, found to have extensive oxidative damage of oligodendrocytes and neurons.
Nathan Goodyear

Direct Detection and Quantification of Transition Metal Ions in Human Atherosclerotic P... - 0 views

atvb.ahajournals.org/...949

Copper iron arteriosclerosis metal plaques

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Jul 11 - No Cached
  • Statistically elevated levels of iron were detected in the intima of lesions compared with healthy controls
  • Elevated levels of copper were also detected (7.51 versus 2.01 pmol/mg tissue, lesion versus healthy control, respectively
  • These data support the hypothesis that iron accumulates in human lesions and may contribute to disease progression
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Jul 11
     
    Iron and Copper accumulation in blood vessel wall may play role in diesease progression
Nathan Goodyear

Nuclear TK1 expression is an independent prognostic factor for survival in pre-malignan... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3665464

TK-1 TK-1 cancer thymidine kinase 1 cancer biomarker

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is a proliferation biomarker
  • Nuclear TK1 expression in early grade CIN predicts risk for progression to malignancy
  • Nuclear TK1 expression is also a prognostic factor for treatment outcome
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • TK1 LI was found to be a more reliable prognostic marker for 5-year survival than pathological stages, FIGO stages and Ki-67,
  • nuclear TK1 expression is a reliable prognostic factor in CIN patients, a group of cervical lesion patients that respond positively to treatment
  • nuclear TK1 expression is correlated with advanced stage of invasive cervical carcinomas
  • a low TK1 LI can help to identify with a better survival
  • low TK1 expression in the tumors in these patients might indicate that these tumors have a lower proliferation rate
  • TK1 is a key kinase in the one-step salvage pathway by which thymidine is introduced into DNA via the salvage pathway
  • TK1 participates in DNA synthesis and is therefore closely related to the S-phase of the cell cycle, and is correlated with proliferation
  • TK1 intensity (TK1 synthesis rate) increases from CIN grade I to CIN grade III, but does not further increase in invasive cervical carcinomas.
  • TK1 intensity seems to be a prognostic factor particularly when pre-malignant cervical lesions progress to malignancy
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Mar 15
     
    TK-1 is a proliferation biomarker of DNA repair. TK-1 is a nuclear biomarker of cancer prognosis, survival, recurrence and predicts risk of progression of pre-malignant disease.
Nathan Goodyear

Waldenstroms Macroglobulinemia Patient Presenting with Rare 'lytic' Lesions and Hyperca... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4290253

Waldenstrom lymphoma "waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia" cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Oct 18 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 26 Oct 18
     
    Interesting case study of sclerotic bone lesion in Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia.
Nathan Goodyear

Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia presenting with lytic bone lesions: a rare presentation - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3786287

Waldenstrom lymphoma bone cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Sep 18 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Sep 18
     
    Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia with osteolytic bone lesions.
Nathan Goodyear

Lytic Bone Lesions as a Prominent Feature in Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia. - PubMed ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...19078464

Waldenstrom lymphoma cancer bone

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Sep 18 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Sep 18
     
    Waldentstrom's macroglobulinemia with lytic bone lesions.  Only abstract available here.  Treatment, other than chemo, is radiation to effected site.
Nathan Goodyear

Low doses of LPS and minimally oxidized LDL cooperatively activate macrophages via NF-k... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2904601

metabolic endotoxemia atherosclerosis CVD cardiovascular disease inflammation

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 Jan 13
     
    metabolic endotoxemia shown to play role in atherosclerosis lesion acceleration.  
Nathan Goodyear

Higher plasma docosahexaenoic acid is associated with reduced progression of coronary a... - 0 views

www.jlr.org/...2814.long

DHA docosahexaenoic acid women omega-3 n-3 atherosclerosis CAD

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 Jul 12
     
    women with higher DHA have lower progression of atherosclerosis and  and few new lesions.
Nathan Goodyear

The molecular basis of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S001457931100593X

MS multiple sclerosis neurodegenerative disease CNS brain inflammation

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Inflammation is the most predominant feature during the early (relaping) phases of the disease and declines with aging of the patients and disease duration
  • in the process of oligodendrocyte destruction and demyelination in MS lesions iron is liberated from its intracellular ferritin bound stores into the extracellular space, where it is taken up by microglia and macrophages and again stored together with ferritin. When this happens in MS lesions in an environment, where free radicals are produced by oxidative burst, iron can be liberated from ferritin and transformed into reactive Fe++[114], which reacts with hydrogen peroxide to generate highly reactive hydroxyl radicals [36] and thus amplifies oxidative damage and associated cellular injury
  • anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory treatments are effective in the relapsing stage, but the benefit is lost when the patients have entered the progressive phase
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Inflammation will remain a key target, since the data suggest that microglia activation and oxidative burst is driven by inflammation throughout all stages of the disease.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 14
     
    Very nice review of the neurodegenerative process in MS.  
Nathan Goodyear

MR spectroscopic imaging of glutathione in the white and gray matter at 7 T with an app... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0730725X09001702

glutathione brain MS multiple sclerosis

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 14
     
    Interesting study on glutathione.  The study looked at glutathione levels in the brain using MR.  The authors found lower glutathione levels in the Grey matter versus normal controls and lower glutathione levels in white matter lesions.
Nathan Goodyear

PLOS ONE: Probiotic Microbes Sustain Youthful Serum Testosterone Levels and Testicular ... - 0 views

journals.plos.org/...article

hormone hormones low T low Testosterone hypogonadism Testosterone probiotic L reuters probiotics Lactobacillus lactobacillus reuteri male aging

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Studies in both humans and rodents, however, suggest that low testosterone is due to age-related lesions in testes rather than irregular luteinizing hormone metabolism
  • Various dietary factors and diet-induced obesity have been shown to increase the risk for late onset male hypogonadism and low testosterone production in both humans and mice
  • Testosterone deficiency and metabolic diseases such as obesity appear to inter-digitate in complex cause-and-effect relationships
  • ...28 more annotations...
  • dietary supplementation of aged mice with the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri makes them appear to be younger than their matched untreated sibling mice
  • These results indicate that gut microbiota induce modulation of local gastrointestinal immunity resulting in systemic effects on the immune system which activate metabolic pathways that restore tissue homeostasis and overall health
  • all these studies we consistently observed that young and aged mice consuming purified L. reuteri organisms had particularly large testes and a dominant male behavior.
  • The testes of probiotic-fed aged mice were rescued from both seminiferous tubule atrophy and interstitial Leydig cell area reduction typical of the normal aging process. Preservation of testicular architecture despite advanced age or high-fat diet coincided with remarkably high levels of circulating testosterone. The beneficial effects of probiotic consumption were recapitulated by the depletion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-17.
  • feeding of L. reuteri consistently increased the gonadal weights, consumption of a non-pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli) K12 organisms did not affect testicular weight
  • mice with dietary L. reuteri supplements were rescued from diet-induced obesity and had normal body weight and lean physique
  • Despite the comparable numbers of ST profiles, we determined that testes from L. reuteri-treated mice had increased ST cross-sectioned profiles
  • the probiotic organism induced prominent Leydig cell accumulations in the interstitial tissue between the ST's
  • The probiotic-associated increase of interstitial Leydig cell areas was sustained with advancing age at 7 (CD vs CD+LR, P = 0.0025; CD+E.coli vs CD+LR, P = 0.0251) and 12 months
  • mice eating L. reuteri had profoundly increased levels of circulating testosterone regardless of the type of diet they consumed
  • blocking pro-inflammatory Il-17 signaling entirely recapitulates the beneficial effects of probiotics
  • previous studies we found that dietary probiotics counteract obesity [19] and age-related integumentary pathology [18] at least in part by down-regulating systemic pro-inflammatory IL-17A-dependent signaling
  • Testes histomorphometry and serum androgen concentration data were both suggestive of a probiotic-associated up-regulation of spermatogenesis in mice
  • Lactobacillus reuteri we discovered that aging male animals had larger testes compared to their age-matched controls
  • xamined testes of probiotic microbe-fed mice and found that they had less testicular atrophy coinciding with higher levels of circulating testosterone compared to their age-matched controls
  • Similar testicular health benefits were produced using systemic depletion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-17 alone, implicating a chronic inflammatory pathway in hypogonadism
  • One specific aspect of this paradigm is reciprocal activities of pro-inflammatory Th-17 and anti-inflammatory Treg cells
  • Feeding of L. reuteri organisms was previously shown to up-regulate IL-10 levels and reduce levels of IL-17 [19] serving to lower systemic inflammation
  • insufficient levels of IL-10 may increase the risk for autoimmunity, obesity, and other inflammatory disease syndromes
  • Westernized diets are also low in vitamin D, a nutrient that when present normally works together with IL-10 to protect against inflammatory disorders
  • Physiological feedback loops apparently exist between microbes, host hormones, and immunity
  • The hormone testosterone has been shown to act directly through androgen receptors on CD4+ cells to increase IL-10 expression
  • studies in both humans and rodents suggest that hypogonadism is due to age-related lesions in testes rather than irregular LH metabolism
  • We postulate that probiotic gut microbes function symbiotically with their mammalian hosts to impart immune homeostasis to maintain systemic and testicular health [34]–[35] despite suboptimal dietary conditions.
  • Dietary factors and diet-induced obesity were previously shown to increase risk for age-associated male hypogonadism, reduced spermatogenesis, and low testosterone production in both humans and mice [2]–[4], [8]–[11], [14]–[17], phenotypic features that in this study were inhibited by oral probiotic therapy absent milk sugars, extra protein, or vitamin D supplied in yogurt.
  • Similar beneficial effects of probiotic microbes on testosterone levels and sperm indices were reported in male mice that had been simultaneously supplemented with selenium
  • L. reuteri-associated prevention of age- and diet-related testicular atrophy correlates with increased numbers and size of Leydig cells
  • the initial changes of testicular atrophy begin to occur in mice from the age of 6 moths onwards [7] and indicates that the trophic effect of L. reuteri on Leydig cells is a key event which precedes and prevents age-related changes in the testes of mice. This effect is reminiscent of earlier studies describing Leydig cell hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in the mouse and the rat testis that were achievable by the administration of gonadotropins, including human chorionic gonadotropin, FSH and LH
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15
     
    Fascinating study on how the addition of Lactobacillus reuteri increased Testicular size, prevented testicular atrophy, increased serum Testosterone production and protected against diet-induced/obesity-induced hypogonadism.  This was a mouse model
Nathan Goodyear

Higher plasma docosahexaenoic acid is associated with reduced progression of coronary a... - 0 views

www.jlr.org/...2814.full

DHA Omega-3 atherosclerosis docosahexaenoic higher

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Feb 11
     
    women with higher DHA had significantly lower progression of atherosclerosis and fewer new lesions of atherosclerosis
Nathan Goodyear

Brain Lesions, Obesity, and Other Disturbances in Mice Treated with Monosodium Glutamate - 0 views

www.sciencemag.org/...719.short

obesity brain lesions MSG

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Apr 11
     
    obesity and MSG 
Nathan Goodyear

Treatment of multiple sclerosis with the pregnanc... [Ann Neurol. 2002] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...12325070

MS multiple sclerosis Estriol hormone hormones women multiple sclerosis

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Jan 14
     
    Estriol, the dominant estrogen in pregnancy shown to decrease MS symptoms.  When Estriol was stopped, MS lesions relapsed.  Estriol binds to ERbeta at a rate of 5:1 compared to ER alpha.
Nathan Goodyear

Correlation between sex hormones and magne... [Acta Neurol Scand. 1999] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...10071166

progesterone estradiol E2 hormone hormones women multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Jan 14
     
    Women with MS shown to have more active MS lesions with a high estradiol to progesterone ratio.
Nathan Goodyear

Inhibition of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumorigenesis in Balb/c mice by dehyd... - 0 views

carcin.oxfordjournals.org/...57.abstract

colon cancer tumor DHEA dehydroepiandrosterone hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Nov 14
     
    Only abstract available here.  DHEA, in mouse model, finds reduced malignant lesions in colon.
Nathan Goodyear

Influence of Sex Hormones on Melanoma - 0 views

jco.ascopubs.org/...e94.short

cancer melanoma ER alpha ER-alpha ER beta ER-beta ER estrogen receptor hormones hormone

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • Men show lower skin levels of ERβ than women, in whom ERβ expression decreases with age and more rapidly after menopause as a result of loss of estradiol-positive feedback
  • lower ERβ (mRNA and protein) levels in thicker, more invasive melanomas
  • melanoma ERβ levels correlated with both the tumor microenvironment and the depth of invasion
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • Recent immunohistochemical analyses of ERβ protein level in melanoma tissues15,16 have shown that ERβ protein expression decreases with increasing Breslow thickness—the most important independent prognostic factor in melanoma.
  • As in breast cancer, we maintain that ERα and ERβ status also has to be determined in melanoma with the aim of identifying those displaying a high ERα/ERβ ratio
  • An ideal hormone therapy in melanoma should selectively block the proliferative ERα protein and promote the antiproliferative action of ERβ
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Oct 14
     
    Melanoma is a known estrogen sensitive cancer.  This study finds ER Beta loss correlates with thickness of lesion.  The authors propose ERalpha/ERbeta ratio be assessed.  ERbeta has been shown to decrease proliferation, promotes differentiation, and decrease inflammation in breast studies.  In contrast, ERalpha promotes proliferation, decreases differentiation, and promotes inflammation.  Here, the same effects seem to apply to melanoma. Of interesting note, men have lower skin ERbeta than women and ERbeta declines with age and menopause in women.  Essentially, the loss of the ability to differentiate, decrease proliferation and inflammation  occurs with increase estrogen stimulus--set up for estrogen promoting cancers.
Nathan Goodyear

Dietary supplementation of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids improves cognitive dys... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...16905216

essential fatty acids DHA omega 3 omega-3 arachidonic acid brain

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 16
     
    study proposes that arachidonic acid and DHA improve cognition in individuals with age related cognition changes and organic brain damage (Alzheimer's, brain lesions...)
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