Unfortunately, on the summary is available to public, but review of nutrition for Diabetes points to Mediterranean diet, high vegetable intake, olive oil, and non-red meat intake for protein--particularily beans and legumes. Compare this to the average counseling for those with Diabetes today.
Only abstract available here but higher fish intake associated with a decrease in CRP, IL-6, TNF-alpha, amyloid A and WBC; restated, higher fish intake associated with a reduction of inflammation
Epigenetic and really nutrigenomics: 6 week study of 3 gram omega 3 intake induced methylation changes. Get that? Only 6 weeks of omega 3 intake induces a change in genetic expression.
vitamin C deficiency is the fourth most prevalent nutrient deficiency reported in the United States
Hypovitaminosis C (defined as a plasma concentration ≤23 µmol/L)
The CHALICE (Canterbury Health, Ageing and Lifecourse) study is a unique New Zealand study comprising a comprehensive database of determinants of health
The CHALICE cohort of 404 individuals aged 50 years had an average vitamin C intake of ~110 mg/day, which should provide adequate plasma concentrations [14]. Despite this, a significant proportion of the participants had inadequate plasma vitamin C status
inadequate plasma vitamin C concentrations (i.e., <50 µmol/L)
adequate plasma levels (i.e., >50 µmol/L)
Higher plasma vitamin C status was associated with lower weight, BMI and waist circumference
plasma vitamin C was negatively associated with blood triglycerides, HbA1c and insulin, and positively associated with HDL levels.
No correlation was found between plasma vitamin C and the two indicators of heart health; blood pressure and cardiovascular risk score.
2.4% of 50-year-olds were deficient in vitamin C (i.e., <11 µmol/L)
hypovitaminosis C (i.e., <23 µmol/L)
A high proportion (63%) of our participants had inadequate plasma vitamin C concentrations (i.e., <50 µmol/L)
The association of low vitamin C with obesity in this study replicates results in the literature [35,40,41,42,43,44], and it is apparent that individuals with higher weight require higher intakes of vitamin C to reach adequate vitamin C status
higher plasma vitamin C status is associated with lower circulating levels of blood triglycerides, insulin and HbA1c
A role for vitamin C in the prevention or management of diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome has been suggested
In this study, we also demonstrate lower levels of mild cognitive impairment in those with high vitamin C status
The odds of mild cognitive impairment were twice as high for those below 23 μmol/L plasma vitamin C concentration.
Vitamin C is present at very high concentrations in the brain
animal models have shown that the brain is the last organ to be depleted of the vitamin during prolonged deficiency
A recent animal study has shown that moderate vitamin C deficiency may play a role in accelerating amyloid plaque accumulation in Alzheimer’s disease
New study: vitamin C levels correlate with cognitive and metabolic health. What is your vitamin C level? Despite the adequate levels of vitamin C intake, a large % of the individuals had inadequate vitamin C levels which points to a demand issue. Higher oxidative stress, chronic inflammation... would drive demand for vitamin C higher. Lower vitamin C levels were associated with more metabolic disease, ie. DM, and more cognitive decline.
LPS leads to an increase in SOCS3 expression [20]. SOCS3 is a negative regulator of leptin signaling
We observed a significant increase in energy intake in the LPS-treated rats
the data provides a mechanism linking changes in gut microbiota induced by ingestion of HF diets to dysregulation of food intake and body weight
Chronic low-dose LPS treatment induced TLR4 activation and MyD88 signaling in vagal afferent neurons, associated with increased SOCS3 expression and reduced leptin-signaling, characterized by the absence of leptin-induced pSTAT3.
SOCS3 is an important mechanism by which leptin resistance develops in vagal afferent neurons and coincides with the onset of hyperphagia
We demonstrate that this chronic low dose LPS is sufficient to induce leptin–resistance in vagal afferent neurons, reduced sensitivity to the satiating effects of CCK, and loss of vagal afferent plasticity
it suggests that the increase in food intake and body weight we observed at week 6 in the LPS treated rats may be caused by LPS-induced leptin resistance.
chronic LPS treatment of mice for four weeks increased body weight
chronic LPS treatment of mice for four weeks increased subcutaneous fat
Very interesting study. High fat diet in rats induced gut flora change that resulted in LPS which induced appetite through leptin resistance and reduced cholecystokinin signaling.
Epigenetics: the interplay between genetics and the environment. They influence each other. This study shows how genetic SNPs influence the impact of lipid metabolism in overweight white people. The genetic SNPs influenced how the individuals metabolized dietary fat intake.
Great review of macronutrients and insulin resistance. Caloric reduction plus exercise still the best method to reduce insulin resistance. Long-term high protein intake increases insulin resistance.
DF are highly complex substances that can be described as any nondigestible carbohydrates and lignins not degraded in the
upper gut
Commonly, DF are classified according to their solubility in water, even though grading according to viscosity, gel-forming
capabilities, or fermentation rate by the gut microbiota might be physiologically more relevant
Main sources of soluble
DF are fruits and vegetables
n increased intake of total DF was inversely associated with markers of insulin resistance in several studies
consumption of insoluble DF increased whole
body glucose disposal independent of changes in body weight in both short-term and more prolonged studies
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate are produced by bacterial fermentation of indigestible
DF polysaccharides in the colon
increased production of SCFA is assumed to be beneficial by reducing hepatic glucose output and improving lipid
homeostasis
a high DF diet (oligofructose) reduced gram-negative bacterial content and body weight, whereas a high fat
diet increased the proportion of a gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) containing microbiota in humans
Prospective cohort studies indicate that diets high in insoluble cereal DF and whole grains might reduce diabetes risk
the mean and population-safe protein requirements were estimated to be 0.93 and 1.2 g · kg−1 · d
diet containing 0.90 g · kg−1 · d−1 was at or above physiologic protein requirements for sedentary men
The current EAR recommendation and RDA for protein are 0.66 and 0.80 g · kg−1 · d−1, respectively. We believe that these recommendations are tentative because no long-term studies have suggested that these
values would maintain nitrogen balance along with lean body mass, muscle mass, serum protein concentrations, immunity, functional
capacity etc
a series of long-term balance studies (67-69) showed that intake of the proposed safe allowance of 0.57 g (70) egg protein resulted in negative nitrogen balance, loss of lean body mass, and deteriorating serum protein and transferase
values unless additional energy or nonessential nitrogen was supplied
The results of the present study suggest that the current EAR recommendations (0.66 g · kg−1 · d−1) and RDA (0.80 g · kg−1 · d−1) for protein are underestimated at 29% and 33%, respectively
study looked at protein requirements in 8 "healthy" men. This study pointed to 1.2 g/kg/day as an appropriate daily dietary protein intake for healthy men. This far exceeds levels per RDA.