It is known that dialysis is the most common ways to treat kidney failure, but what if the patient don't want to take it or can not take it ? Are there any other treatment besides dialysis for kidney failure with 15% kidney function ?
High density level of PGR in the TE was an independent prognostic factor for CF.
Our large-sized study demonstrates a wide distribution of PGR in stromal and epithelial cells of both benign and malignant prostate tissue
there seems to be a general agreement of PGR presence in the stromal cells of PCa
In line with our findings, several have also reported a high PGR expression in TE of PCa [9,10,23,25]. In contrast, others have demonstrated a total lack of PGR expression in TE
the actions of progesterone are tissue specific
In our work univariate analysis demonstrated a high PGR expression in TS to be associated with clinical failure in PCa patients. So far we have not yet demonstrated the mechanism underlying this association
Several non-genomic proliferative actions of progesterone have been proposed in tumor cells of other organs, including breast [35–37], astrocytoma [38] and osteosarcoma [39] cell lines. However, such results are contradicted by suggestions of anti-proliferative actions of progesterone in endometrial cancer
Yu et al. found PGR to be negatively regulating stromal cell proliferation in vitro
high PGR density level in TE was associated with CF in patients with Gleason score ≥ 7
Bonkhoff et al. have suggested progressive emergence of PGR during PCa progression and metastasis
Latil and co-workers found a decreased PGR expression in clinically localized tumors and increased PGR expression in hormone-refractory tumors, when compared with normal prostate tissue
Our findings provide further support to these findings, indicating that PGR plays a role in the pathogenesis of PCa
Ki67 and PGR in TE were correlated with CF (S3 Text), indicating an association between PGR and proliferative activity
The mechanism behind the PGR up-regulation in PCa has not yet been elucidated
The PGR is, like the glucocorticoid receptor, similar to androgen receptor with 88% sequence homology in the ligand-binding domain
progesterone induced expression of androgen receptor-regulated genes could be a potential mechanism contributing to the development of castrate resistant PCa
A possibility of different roles by the two PGR isoforms in normal prostate tissue and PCa, as is suggested for the estrogen receptors [13], must also be taken into account
STudy finds that increased Progesterone receptor expression on epithelial and stromal cells is associated with increased clinical failure of therapy. Several proposed mechanisms: 88% homologous with androgen receptor suggesting cross-stimulation and via progesterone induced increased androgen receptor gene stimulation i.e. epigenetics.
Low Testosterone as defined via serum levels found to correlate with poor outcome in prostate cancer: positive margins, seminal vesicle invasion, and biochemical failure (ADR).
12 months of Testosterone in women with premature ovarian failure found no benefit in quality of life measures. Testosterone is being marketed and touted as a means to help women through menopause. This study, though no side effects found, no benefit found.
Study finds that low Testosterone preoperative is associated with increased positive surgical margins and worse staging post radical prostatectomy. Also association with a non-statistical increase in biochemical failure.
long standing low T linked to bradycardia and heart failure in case series. Exact relationship of cause/effect unknown, though low T has been shown to be associated with wide spectrum of increased risk of CVD.